The document presents an overview of HIV/AIDS, including its definition, transmission, symptoms, and treatment options. It highlights the origins of HIV, the difference between HIV and AIDS, and the common oral manifestations associated with HIV infection. It also discusses statistics on HIV prevalence in Pakistan and emphasizes the importance of prevention methods and myths surrounding the disease.

1. Community Dentistry Presentation
by
Sarang Suresh

2. HIV AIDS
Sarang Suresh Hotchandani

3. HIV/AIDS at a Glance
• Identified in 1983.
• HIV is
the infection that
causes AIDS.
• HIV has few or no
symptoms for up to 10
years or more before
symptoms of AIDS
develop.
• 1 Dec: World’s AIDS
Day
• HIV can be spread
during sex play.
• Latex and female
condoms offer very
good protection
against HIV.
• There is no cure for
HIV/AIDS, but
treatment is available.

4. Origin of HIV
• Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in West Africa
as the source of HIV infection in humans.
• The virus most likely jumped to humans when humans
hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into
contact with their infected blood.
• Over several years, the virus slowly spread across Africa
and later into other parts of the world

5. What Is HIV?
To understand what HIV is, let’s break it down:
• H – Human
• I – Immunodeficiency
• V – Virus

8. What Is AIDS?
To understand what AIDS is, let’s break it down:
• A – Acquired
• AIDS is not something you inherit from your parents.
You acquire AIDS after birth.
• I – Immuno
• D – Deficiency
• S – Syndrome

10. All people with HIV don’t have AIDS?
• HIV causes people to become sick with infections that
normally wouldn't affect them.
• AIDS is short for acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
It is the most advanced stage of HIV disease.

11. How Do You Get HIV?

14. HIV/ AIDS can’t be Transmitted

15. Signs & Symptoms

16. Symptoms of HIV & AIDS
HIV
• swollen glands in the
throat, armpit, or groin.
(first HIV symptoms)
•
•
•
•
Slight fever
Headaches
Fatigue
Muscle aches
AIDS
• thrush
• severe or recurring vaginal yeast
infections
• chronic pelvic inflammatory disease
• severe and frequent infections
• periods of extreme and unexplained
tiredness that may be combined with
headaches, lightheadedness, and/or
dizziness
• quick loss of more than 10 pounds of
weight that is not due to increased
physical exercise or dieting
• bruising more easily than normal
• long periods of frequent diarrhea
• frequent fevers and/or night sweats
And Much More............

17. Oral Manifestation of HIV Infection
• Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
• Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
• Chronic Herpes Simplex
• Kaposi’s Sarcome

18. Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
• Oral Thrush
• Fungal Infection
• Presents as Semi-Adherent white plaque on the palate.
• Very Common in HIV +ve
• Glossitis and angular Stomatitis, not uncommon.

20. Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
• Lesion most commomly appear on lateral surface of
tongue.
• This condition is Highly Predictive of
Future Development of AIDS.

22. Kaposi’s Sarcoma
• Diagnostic for AIDS
• Oral Cavity may be first / only site of Lesion
• Common site Palate
• Pathogenesis still well understood, nor its interaction
with HIV

25. HIV and AIDS Estimates (2012)
PAKISTAN
• Number of people living
with HIV87,000
[50,000 - 160,000]
• Adults aged 15 to 49
prevalence rate <0.1%
[<0.1% - 0.2%]
• Adults aged 15 and up
living with HIV85,000
[48,000 - 160,000]
• Women aged 15 and up
living with HIV24,000
[14,000 - 44,000]
• Children aged 0 to 14
living with HIV -- N/A
• Deaths due to AIDS3,500
[2,100 - 6,600]
• Orphans due to AIDS
aged 0 to 17 N/A

26. Reduce Your Risk
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fluid of Transmission
Sexual Risk Factors
When One Partner Is HIV+
Substance Abuse/Use
Pregnancy & Childbirth
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PreP)
Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
Blood Transfusions & Organ/Tissue Transplants

27. Fluids of Transmission

28. Sexual Risk Factors

31. When One Partner Is HIV+
Dental Dams Used in Oral Sex

32. Substance Abuse/Use
• Injection drug use
• Drinking alcohol or taking other drug

33. Pregnancy & Childbirth
• HIV-positive mothers can transmit HIV to their babies.
• During pregnancy
• During vaginal childbirth
• Through breastfeeding
But with proper treatment and coordination with healthcare
providers, HIV-positive mothers can significantly reduce the risk
of transmitting HIV to their babies.

34. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PreP)
• PrEP, is a new HIV prevention method in which people who do
not have HIV infection take a pill daily to reduce their risk of
becoming infected.
• The pill, called Truvada®, (tenofovir and emtricitabine)
contains two of the many medications that can be used to
treat people who already have HIV.
• Prevent HIV from making copies of itself and turning into an
infection that’s spread throughout your body.

35. Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

36. Blood Transfusions & Organ/Tissue
Transplants

37. HIV Tests
• Antibody Test:- The most common HIV test.
• Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
• Rapid HIV antibody tests
• Antigen Test
• PCR Test

38. Treatment
• HIV Antiretroviral
• Emergency HIV Pills
• Atiretroviral Drugs

39. Staying Healthy with HIV
Myths & Facts
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Having HIV Means You Have AIDS
(Myth)
It's Difficult to Get HIV From Casual Contact
(Fact)
You Have Just a Few Years to Live
(Myth)
You'll Know You Have HIV Because of Your Symptoms
(Myth)
HIV Can Be Cured
(Myth for now)
Anyone Can Get HIV
(Fact)
Sex Is Safe When Both Partners Have HIV
(Myth)
You Can Have a Baby if You Are HIV-Positive
(Fact)
You Can’t Avoid Other HIV-Related Infections
(Myth)

40. HIV Issue in Dental Practice
• Dentists have to Treat HIV +ve Patient. He can not deny
that patient.
• The risk of Transmission from Patient to Dentist is Low.
• Many Dentists have HIV infected persons without
knowing it.