HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) by attacking and weakening the immune system, making individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections. The virus is transmitted through blood, sexual contact, and from mother to child, with initial infection linked to simian immunodeficiency virus in primates. While there is no cure, antiretroviral therapy can manage HIV and prolong life, and strict precautions in dentistry are necessary to prevent transmission.

1. AIDS/HIV
Mohammed Aamir
By
University Of Anbar College Of
Dentistry
General Pathology
Afrah A. Kh. Aldelaimi
B.D.S., C.D.I., M.Sc., Ph.D.
(Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology)

2. What is HIV/AIDS?
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is
the virus that causes AIDS
• What dose the virus look like ?

3. When dose AIDS occur?
• AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome) occurs when the HIV
infection has weakened one's immune
system to the point that it has difficulty
fighting off certain illnesses and
infections
• "Opportunistic" infections also occur,
taking the opportunity of a weakened
immune system to cause illness.

4. What dose the HIV do?
• Attacks the Immune system
particularly T-helper cells or CD4
These cells help suppress or regulate
immune responses
• Destroys the body’s defenses against
diseases
• The body becomes susceptible to
infections and cancers that do not
normally develop in healthy people

5. Transmission of the HIV
• This virus is passed from one person to
another through blood-to-blood contact
(blood transfusions, HIV-infected
needles, blades, surgical tools)
• sexual contact.
• In addition, an infected pregnant
woman can pass HIV to her baby during
pregnancy or delivery, as well as
through breast-feeding.

6. How did the HIV first
invade humans ?
• Scientists detected a very similar
virus in monkeys and in
chimpanzees and other great apes.
It’s called SIV, which stands for
simian immunodeficiency virus.
• Researchers believe a chimp
somehow passed the virus on to a
person.

7. How did the HIV first
invade humans ?
• Some scientists suspect that a hunter
killed an infected chimp for food
• In the process, the hunter could have
come into contact with the animal’s
infected blood. Perhaps the hunter
had a cut or open sore. the virus then
likely simmered for decades in
nearby villages and slowly spread
from one villager to another

8. How is HIV diagnosed?
• The only way to determine whether
the one is infected is to be tested
for HIV infection
• You also cannot rely on symptoms
to know whether or not the one is
infected with HIV. Many people who
are infected with HIV do not have
any symptoms at all for many years

9. HOW DOES HIV AFFECT
THE MOUTH?
• The mouth may be the first part of
the body to be affected when
infected with HIV. Because
infection with HIV will weakened
the immune system, this means the
one will be susceptible to infections
and other problems.

10. Mouth signs of HIV
infected patient
• Dry mouth
• Thrush (candidiasis)

11. Mouth signs of HIV
infected patient
• Oral hairy leukoplakia : White
lesions on the sides of the tongue

12. Mouth signs of HIV
infected patient
• Linear Gingival Erythema (LGE) (Red band
gingivitis )

13. Mouth signs of HIV
infected patient
• Necrotizing Ulcerative periodontitis

14. Mouth signs of HIV
infected patient
• Kaposi’s Sarcoma

15. Mouth signs of HIV
infected patient
• Outbreaks of herpes simplex virus

16. Mouth signs of HIV
infected patient
• Canker sores , Mouth ulcers

17. How Do People Die from
AIDS
• Most people who die from HIV/AIDS do
not die from the virus itself but rather
from these so-called "opportunistic
infections" which take advantage of a
weak immune system.
• For example, people with AIDS can
become sick from the fungus ,(which is
common in the environment and does not
sicken most people ) can cause
pneumonia in people with AIDS,

18. How is HIV treated?
• There is no cure for HIV/AIDS, but
there is a treatment, called
antiretroviral therapy, which can
suppress the HIV virus and prolong
the lives of people with HIV/AIDS.
• If people start taking antiretroviral
therapy before the disease has
advanced, they can live nearly as long
as people without HIV

19. Precautions for Dentistry
• Blood, saliva, and gingival fluid from
ALL dental patients should be
considered infective
• Wearing gloves for contact with oral
mucous membranes of all patients
• Wearing surgical masks and protective
eyewear or chin-length plastic face
shields

20. Precautions for Dentistry
• Rubber dams, high-speed evacuation
and proper patient positioning
• Handpieces and other dental
instruments should be sterilized after
use with each patient
• Blood and saliva should be carefully
cleaned from material that has been
used in the mouth (e.g., impression
materials, bite registration)

21. Precautions for Dentistry
• Dental equipment and surfaces that
are difficult to disinfect (e.g., light
handles or X-ray-unit heads) and that
may become contaminated should be
wrapped with impervious-backed
paper, aluminum foil, or clear plastic
wrap