The document discusses the rise of Hitler and Nazism in Germany. It can be summarized as follows: 1) Hitler's father was a prominent physician who debated killing his family to avoid revenge from the Allies for Nazi crimes, but ultimately the whole family committed suicide. 2) After World War 1, Germany struggled under the new Weimar Republic and faced humiliation over the Treaty of Versailles. The poor economy created conditions for Hitler and the Nazis to rise to power. 3) Once in power in 1933, Hitler dismantled democracy and established a Nazi dictatorship through the Enabling Act, banning all other political parties. The Nazis then implemented racist ideology and policies that systematically stripped rights from Jews and other groups.

2.  Hitler Helmut was a German boy his father was Prominent
physician, deliberated with his wife Whether the time had
come to kill the entire
Family or if he should commit suicide alone . He said to his
wife about his fear of revenge, saying,’ now the Allies will
do to us what we did to the crippled and Jews.’
The whole family committed suicide . Helmut's father was a
Nazi and a supporter of Adolf Hitler.

4. Allied Military
58%Axis Military
13%
Axis Civilians
4%
Allied
Civilians
25%
Chart Title
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

5. The Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to
the federal republic and parliamentary representative
democracy established in 1919 in Germany to replace
the imperial form of government. It was named after
Weimar, the city where the constitutional assembly took
place. Its official name was German Reich

6. Following World War I, the republic emerged from
the German Revolution in November 1918. In 1919,
a national assembly convened inWeimar, where a new
constitution for the German Reich was written, then
adopted on 11 August of that same year.
The ensuing period of liberal democracy lapsed in the early
1930s, leading to the ascent of the nascent Nazi
Party and Adolf Hitler in 1933. The legal measures taken by
the Nazi government in February and March 1933, commonly
known as Gleichschaltung ("coordination") meant that the
government could legislate contrary to the constitution. The
republic nominally continued to exist until 1945, as the
constitution was never formally repealed.
However, the measures taken by the Nazis in
the early part of their rule rendered the
constitution irrelevant. Thus, 1933 is usually
seen as the end of the Weimar Republic and
the beginning of Hitler's Third Reich.

8.  The war had a devastating impact on the entire
continent both psychologically and financially.
 Unfortunately, the infant Weimar Republic was
being made to pay for the sins of the old empire.
The republic carried the burden of war guilt and
national humiliation and was financially crippled by
being forced to pay compensation.
 Those who supported the Weimar Republic, mainly
Socialists, Catholics and Democrats, became easy
targets of attack in the conservative nationalist
circles.

10.  This crisis in the economy,
polity and society formed the background to Hitler’s
rise to power.
 When the First World War broke out, he enrolled
for the army, acted as a messenger in the front,
became a corporal, and earned medals for
bravery.
 The German defeat horrified him and the
Versailles Treaty made him furious. In 1919, he
joined a small group called the German Workers’
Party. He subsequently took over the organisation
and renamed it the National Socialist German
Workers’ party.

11.  In 1923, Hitler planned to seize control of
Bavaria, march to Berlin and capture power. He
failed, was arrested, tried for treason, and later
released.
 The Nazis could not effectively mobilise popular
support till the early 1930s. It was during the
Great Depression that Nazism became a mass
movement. As we have seen, after 1929, banks
collapsed and businesses shut down, workers lost
their jobs and the middle classes were
threatened with destitution. In such a situation
Nazi propaganda stirred hopes of a better
future. In 1928, the Nazi Party got no more than
2. 6 per cent votes in the Reichstag ñ the
German parliament. By 1932, it had become the
largest party with 37 per cent votes.

12.  Hitler was a powerful speaker. His passion and
his words moved people.
 He promised to build a strong nation, undo the
injustice of the Versailles Treaty and restore
the dignity of the German people.
 He promised employment for those looking for
work, and a secure future for the youth. He
promised to weed out all foreign influences
and resist all foreign ‘conspiracies’ against
Germany.

14.  On 30 January 1933, President Hindenburg
offered the Chancellorship, the highest
position in the cabinet of ministers, to Hitler.
 Having acquired powers, Hitler set out to
dismantle the structure of Democracy.
 On March 3, 1993, the famous Enabling Act
was passed. This Act established dictatorship
in Germany
 All political parties and trade unions in
Germany were banned except for the Nazi
party and its affiliates .

16. • Hitler assigned the responsibility of
economic recovery to the economist Hjalmar
Schacht
who aimed at full production and full
employment through a state-funded work-
creation program.
• In foreign policy also, Hitler acquired quick
successes. He pulled out of the League of
Nations in 1933, reoccupied the Rhineland in
1936, and integrated Austria and Germany in
1938 under the slogan, One people, One
empire and One Leader.

19. • The crimes that the Nazi’s committed
were linked to a system of belief and a set
of practices.
• Nazi Ideology was synonymous with Hitler’s
Worldview.
• According to this, there was no equality
between people, but only a racial hierarchy.
• Hitler’s racism borrowed from thinkers like
Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer.
• The other aspect of Hitler’s ideology related
to the geopolitical concept of Lebensraum,
or living space.

21. • Once in power, the Nazi’s quickly began to implement
their dream of creating an exclusive racial
community of pure Germans by physically eliminating
all those who were seen as ‘undesirable’ in the
extended empire.
• Nazi’s wanted only a society of ‘pure and healthy
Nordic Aryans’. They alone were considered
desirable. Only they were seen as worthy of
prospering and multiplying against all others who
were classed as undesirable.
• This meant that even those Germans who were seen
as impure or abnormal had no right to exist.
• Jews remained the worst sufferers in Nazi Germany.
Gypsies and blacks in living in Nazi Germany were
also treated as inferiors

24. • Under the shadow of war, the Nazi’s proceeded
to realise their murderous, racial ideal.
Genocide and war became two sides of the same
coin. Occupied Poland was divided up. Much of
north-western Poland was annexed to Germany.
Poles were forced to leave their homes and
properties behind to be occupied by ethnic
Germans brought in from occupied Europe.
• The other part of Germany was known as the
General Government, the destination of all the
‘undesirables’ of the empire.
• With some of the largest ghettos and gas
chambers, the General government also served
as the killing fields for the Jews.

27. Stage 1 : 1933-1939
You have no right to line among us.
The Nuremberg Laws of citizenship of September 1935:
 1. Only Persons of German or related blood would
henceforth be German citizens enjoying the protection of
the German forbidden.
 2. Marriages between Jews and Germans were forbidden.
 3. Extramarital relations between Jews and Germans
became a crime.
 4. Jews were forbidden to fly the national flag.
Other legal measures included:
Boycott of Jewish businesses
Expulsion from government services
Forced selling and confiscation of their properties

28. 1) Park benches announces : ‘ Only for ARYANS.
2) The sign declares that the North sea bathing
resort is free of Jews.

29.  Stage 2 : Ghettoization 1940- 1944
 You have no right to live among us
 From September 1941, all Jews had to wear a
yellow Star of David on. This identity mark was
stamped on their passport,
 All legal documents and houses. They were kept
in Jewish houses in Germany, and in ghettos like
Lodz and Warsaw in the east. These
 became sites of extreme misery and poverty.
Jews had to surrender all their wealth before
they entered a ghetto. Soon the ghettos
 were brimming with hunger, starvation and
disease due to deprivation and poor hygiene.

30.  Stage 3 : Annihilation 1941 onwards :
 You have no Right to Live.
 Jews from Jewish houses, concentration
camps and ghettos from different parts of
Europe were brought to death factories by
 goods trains. In Poland and elsewhere in the
east, most notably Belzek, Auschwitz,
Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno and Majdanek,
 they were charred in gas chambers. Mass
killings took place within minutes with
scientific precision.

31.  1) Killed while trying to escape. The camps were enclosed with live wires.
 2) Piles of clothes outside the gas chambers.
 3 & 4 ) Concentration chambers

32. Germany was in one of its strongest stances for
nearly 20 years. It was this that Hitler wanted to capitalize
on for the future of Nazi Germany and by doing this they
need to take advantage of the young people as they are the
next generation of Nazis. Using the ideas of Social Darwinism they
Nazis decided that only the most strongest and ruthless should survive.
This was to be the Aryan race. How was Hitler supposed to tackle such a massive
task? Would it work? And what effects would it have? The Nazis would have to
brainwash the German youth in every possible way. So they did, they took over the
lives of
the German children, and run them for them. If Hitler wanted his anticipated 1000-
year regime to succeed the future generations were the children. To get people on
your side you need to get them on your side when they are young, Younger people
are far easier to influence than when they are adults. This is because the younger
you are the more you believe other people as they are more dependent on them,
and the younger generations look up to the older generations who lead by example
to make the younger people the perfect Nazis.

33. NAZI IDEOLOGY
From 1920 to 1923, Hitler formulated his ideology, then published it
in 1925–26, as Mein Kampf, a two-volume, biography and political
manifesto. Though Hitler for "tactical" reasons had rhetorically declared a
1920 party platform with socialist platitudes "unshakable," actually "many
paragraphs of the party program were obviously merely a demagogic appeal
to the mood of the lower classes at a time when they were in bad straits and
were sympathetic to radical and even socialist slogans...Point 11, for
example...Point 12...nationalization...Point 16...communalization....
apparently really believed in the 'socialism' of National Socialism. "In actual
practice, such points were mere slogans, "most of them forgotten by the
time the party came to power. The Nazi
leader himself was later to be embarrassed when reminded
of some of them. "Historian Conan Fischer argues that
the Nazis were sincere in their use of the adjective
socialist, which they saw as inseparable from the
adjective national, and meant it as a socialism of
the master race, rather than the socialism of the
"underprivileged and oppressed
seeking justice and equal rights."

34. JEWS UNDER NAZIS
One should differentiate between the cultural antisemitism
symptomatic of the German conservatives – found especially in the German
officer corps and the high civil administration – and mainly directed against the
Eastern Jews on the one hand, and völkisch antisemitism on the other.
On April 1, 1933, Jewish doctors, shops, lawyers and stores were
boycotted. Only six days later, the Law for the Restoration of the Professional
Civil Service was passed, banning Jews from being employed in government. This
law meant that Jews were now indirectly and directly dissuaded or banned from
privileged and upper-level positions reserved for “Aryan” Germans. From then
on, Jews were forced to work at more menial positions, beneath non-Jews,
pushing them to more labored positions.
On August 25, 1933, the Haavara Agreement was signed, which allowed 60,000
German Jews to emigrate to Palestine by 1939.
At the same time the Reich Citizenship Law was passed and was
reinforced in November by a decree, stating that all Jews, even quarter- and
half-Jews, were no longer citizens. This meant that they had no basic civil rights,
such as that to vote. In 1936, Jews were banned from all professional jobs,
effectively preventing them from exerting any influence in education, politics,
higher education and industry. Because of this, there was nothing to stop the
anti-Jewish actions which spread across the Nazi-German economy.
In particular, Jews were penalized financially for their perceived racial status.

35. Government contracts could no longer be awarded to Jewish businesses.
Next “Aryan” doctors could only treat “Aryan” patients. Provision of medical care
to Jews was already hampered by the fact that Jews were banned from being
doctors or having any professional jobs. Later Jews with first names of non-Jewish
origin had to add Israel (males) or Sarah (females) to their names, and a
large J was to be imprinted on their passports beginning October 5. Jewish
children were banned from going to normal schools. Nearly all Jewish companies
had either collapsed under financial pressure and declining profits, or had been
forced to sell out to the Nazi German government.
The storefronts of Jewish shops and offices were smashed and
vandalized, and many synagogues were destroyed by fire. Approximately 91 Jews
were killed, and another 30,000 arrested, mostly able bodied males, all of whom
were sent to the newly formed concentration camps. In the next 3 months
some2000–2500
of them died in the concentration camps, the rest were released
under the condition that they leave Germany. Many Germans
were disgusted by this action when the full extent of the
damage was discovered, Hitler ordered it to be blamed on
the Jews. Collectively, the Jews were made to pay back one
billion Reichsmark in damages, the fine being raised by
confiscating 20% of every Jewish property. Of the 522,000
Jews living in Germany in January 1933, only 214,000 were
left by the eve of World War II.
Jews killed in camps!!

36. Jews emigrating from Berlin to Jews in concentration camps
the United States, 1939

37. NAZI CULT OF MOTHERHOOD
Children in Nazi Germany were told that women were different from men,
the fight for equal rights for men and women was wrong and it would destroy
society. While boys were taught to be aggressive, masculine and steel hearted, girls
were told that they had to become good mothers and rear pure blooded Aryan
children, they have to maintain the purity of the German race, distance themselves
from Jews, look after the home and teach their children Nazi values.
In Nazi Germany all mothers were not treated equally, women who bore
racially undesirable children were punished and those who produced racially
desirable children were awarded like –better treatment in hospital, concessions in
shop, theater tickets and railway pass. To encourage women to produced more
children, honour Crosses were awarded, a bronze Cross for four children, silver for
six and gold for eight children.
Those who maintain contact with Jews, Poles and
Russians were paraded through the town with shaved heads,
blackened faces and play cards hanging around their neck
saying “ I Have spoiled the honour of the Nation”, many
received jail sentences and lost civic honour as well as their
husbands and families for this offence. This program included
a gigantic Nazi propaganda campaign to urge women to
increase the size of their families. Cash incentives were paid
for each child born
MutterKreuz ("Mother's
Cross")

38. Youth in Nazi Germany………..
Hitler felt that a strong Nazi society could be established only by teaching
children Nazi Ideology, and this requires a control over the child both inside and
outside school. The Following steps were taken for this………
1) All schools were cleansed and purified by dismissing all Jew teachers and all those
who were seen as politically unreliable.
2) German and Jew children cannot sit together or play together.
3) Subsequently Jews, Gypsies and the physically handicapped were thrown out of
schools and finally to the Gas chambers.
4) School textbook were rewritten, racial science was introduced to justify Nazi idea
of race.
5) Children were taught to be loyal and submissive, hate Jews and worship Hitler.
6) Even sports were nurture in the spirit of violence and aggression among children.
7) Youth organization were made responsible for educating German youth in the
Spirit of National socialism.
8) Ten year olds had to enter Jung – volk, at 14 all boys had to join the Nazi youth
organization HITLER YOUTH, where they learnt to worship war, glorify aggression
and violence, condemn democracy and hate Jews, Communist, Gypsies and all
those categorized as undesirable.
9) After a period of rigorous ideological and physical training they joined the Labour
service by 18, then they have to serve in the armed forces and enter one of the
Nazi organization.

39. THE ART OF PROPAGANDA ………..
The Nazi regime used language and media with care and often to great
effect for Propaganda, they coined different words for their official
communications such as – Mass Killing were termed “Special Treatment"," Final
solution” for the Jews, “euthanases” “ selection” and “disinfection” for the
disabled.
“Evacuation” meant deporting people to gas chambers and gas chambers
were termed as “disinfection area” and looked like bathroom equipped with fake
showerheads.
Nazi idea were spread through visual images, films, radio, posters,
catchy slogan and Leaflets, propaganda films were made to create hatred for
Jews and the most famous Film was “The Eternal Jew”.
Jewish ghettos in
Europe existed
because Jews were viewed as
foreigners due to their non-
Christian beliefs in a Renaissance
Christian environment. As a
result, Jews were placed under
strict regulations throughout

40. ORDINARY PEOPLE AND THEIR CRIMES AGAINST
HUMANITY
Common people reacted in different ways…….
(i) Many saw the world through Nazi eyes and felt hatred and anger
surge inside them when they saw a Jew. They willingly marked the
houses of the Jews and reported suspicious neighbor's.
(ii) They genuinely believed the Jews were responsible for their
misfortunes. Nazism they felt would bring prosperity, improve general
well being and pride of the nation.
(iii) Large majority of people were passive onlookers, apathetic
witnesses, because they were too scared to act, to differ to protest.
(iv) However, many organized active assistance braving police,
repression and even death.

41. KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST
Historians differ as to where the responsibility for the
Holocaust lies. Intentionalist historians such as Lucy Dawidowicz argue that Adolf
Hitler planned the extermination of the Jewish people from as early as 1918,and that
he personally oversaw its execution.
Historical and philosophical interpretations
The enormity of the Holocaust has prompted much analysis. The Holocaust was
indeed characterized by an industrial project of extermination. Others have
presented the Holocaust as a product of German history, analyzing its deep roots in
German society. But it was only after the war ended and Germany was defeated that
the world came to realise the horrors of what had happened. While the Germans
were preoccupied with their own plight as a defeated nation emerging out of the
rubble, the Jews wanted the world to remember the atrocities and sufferings they
had endured during the Nazi killing operations , also called the
Holocaust.
Yet the history and the memory of the Holocaust live on in memoirs,
fiction, documentaries, poetry, memorials and museums in many
parts of the world today. These are a tribute to those who resisted it,
an embarrassing reminder to those who collaborated, and a warning
to those who watched in silence.