The document summarizes the rise of Nazism and Adolf Hitler in Germany. It describes how Germany was defeated in WWI and faced harsh conditions in the Treaty of Versailles. This led to economic crisis and instability under the Weimar Republic. Hitler rose to power exploiting the grievances and promising to restore Germany's power. Once in charge, he dismantled democracy and established a fascist dictatorship. The Nazi regime carried out systematic persecution and genocide of Jews and other groups considered "undesirable", resulting in the mass murder of millions during the Holocaust.

1. Nazism and Rise of
Hitler

2. • Birth Birth of Weimar
Republic
The Weimar Republic was
Germany's government from
1919 to 1933, the period after
World War I until the rise of Nazi
Germany. It was named after the
town of Weimar.

3. • Germany fought the first world war (1914-
1918) against the allied powers (England,
France and Russia).
• Axis or central powers were (Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and Turkey)
• Germany initially made gains by occupying
France and Belgium.
• Allies won defeating Germany and central
powers in 1918.

5. • The Defeat of Imperial Germany and the
abdication of the emperor gave an
opportunity to parliamentary parties to
recast German Polity.
• A National Assembly met at Weimar and
established a democratic constitution with
a Federal Structure.
• The Republic however was not received
well by its own people largely because of
the terms it was forced to accept after
Germany’s Defeat in WW1.

6. Treaty of
Versailles
Harsh and
Humiliating
Peace Treaty
Germany Lost-
• its overseas colonies.
• 10th of its population.
• 13 % of its territories.
• 75 % of its iron.
• 26 % of its coal.
• Has to pay compensation of amounting 6 billion £.
• The allied powers demilitarised Germany to weaken its
power.
• The allied armies also occupied the resource rich
Rhineland.

7. Effects of the
Ware E
• The war had a devastating impact on the entire
continent both psychologically and financially.
• From a continent of creditors, Europe turned
one of the Debtors.
• The supporters of Weimar Republic were
criticised.

8. • Soldiers came to be placed above
Civilians.
• Aggressive War propaganda and
National Honour became important.
• The Fragile democracy could not
survive and led to instability in
Europe.

9. Political
Radicalism and
Economic Crisis
• The birth of Weimar Republic and revolutionary
uprising of the spartacist league go hand in hand.
• The Spartacists formed the communist party of
Germany.
• The political instability in Germany paved the way
for Hitler.
• Political Radicalisation was heightened by the
economic crisis of 1923.

10. Economic
Crisis-1923
• Germany had fought the war largely on loans and had
to pay war reparations in gold.
• In 1923 Germany refused to pay, and the French
occupied its leading industrial area, RUHR, to claim
their coal.
• Germany retaliated with passive resistance and printed
paper currency recklessly.
• The value of mark collapse. Prices of Goods soared.
• In April 1923 the US Dollar was equal to 24,000 Marks.
• By December 1923 the figure run in trillion.

11. The image of Germans carrying cartloads of currency
notes to buy a loaf of bread was widely publicised
evoking world wide sympathy.
• This crisis came to be known as hyperinflation, a
situation when price rise phenomenally high.

12. The years of Depression
• The years between 1924 and 1928 saw some
stability. Due to Dawes plan introduced by
Americans which reworked the terms of reparation
to ease the financial burden on Germans. Yet it
was built on sand.
• Germany was totally dependent on short term
loans, largely from the USA.
• This support was withdrawn with the crash in 1929
of the Wall Street Exchange.

13. • On a single day 24th October 13 million shares were
sold.
• Between 1929 and 1932 the national income of the
US fell by half.
• German economy was the worst hit by the crisis.
• The support of US was withdrawn with the crash of
Stock Market.
• Industrial production reduced, workers lost their
jobs or were paid reduced wages.
• It led to social unrest.
• Middle class and working population were filled
with the fear of Proletarianisation.

14. Weimar Republic-: Inherent
Defects
• Weimar Republic was fragile. Its inherent
defects were-
Proportional Representation- leading to rule
of coalitions.
Article 48- gave the President the powers to
impose emergency, suspend civil rights and
rule of decree.
• On an average 239 days twenty different
cabinets lasted.

15. Hitler’s Rise to
power
• Born in Austria in 1889, he spend
his youth in poverty.
• He earned many medals for
bravery in First World War.
• The German defeat horrified him.
• Treaty of Versailles made him
furious.

16. • In 1919 He joined the German
worker’s Party and later took over
the organisation and renamed it as
National Socialist German Workers’
Party – Nazi Party.
Nazi Party
• Nazism became the mass movement only during
the great depression.
• Nazi Propaganda stirred hopes of a better future.

17. Attributes of Hitler
• He was a powerful
speaker.
• His passion and words
move people.
• He promised to build
a strong nation in
which everyone will
get employment.

18. Significance of Rituals and Spectacle of
Mass Mobilisation

19. • Nazis held massive rallies and public meetings to
demonstrate the support for Hitler and instil a sense of
unity among the people.

20. Nazi Propaganda skilfully projected Hitler as a messiah,
a saviour. In1932 it became the largest party with 37%
votes.
Destruction of Democracy
• On 3oth January 1933 Hitler was offered chancellorship
(The highest position in the cabinet of Ministers) by
President Hindenburg.
• Hitler set out to dismantle the structures of democracy.
• The fire decree of 28th February 1933 suspended civic
rights that had been guaranteed by the Weimar
Constitution.
• Then he turned on his arch enemies- The communists.

21. • The Repression of communists was severe.
• Most of them were hurriedly packed off to the
newly established concentration camps.
• They were however, only one among the 52 types of
victims persecuted by the Nazis across the country.
• The famous Enabling Act was passed on 3rd March
1933.
• It gave all powers to Hitler to establish Dictatorship
in Germany.
• All political parties were banned. Special
surveillance and security forces were created to
control and order the society in ways that the Nazis
wanted.

23. Reconstruction
• Economist Hjalmar
Schacht was given the
responsibility of
economic recovery.
• He initiated the state
funded work creation
programme to ensure
full production and
full employment.
• The famous people’s
car Volkswagen was
result of this period.

24. Foreign Policy of Hitler
• He pulled out of the League of Nations in 1933.
• He reoccupied the Rhineland in in 1936.
• He integrated Austria and Germany in 1938
under the slogan, One People, One Empire
and One Leader.
• He then went on to wrest German speaking
Sudentland from Czechoslovakia and gobbled up
the entire country.

25. • Hitler had an unspoken support of England
which had considered the Versailles verdict
too harsh.
• He chose war as a way out of the economic
crisis.
• Resources were to be accumulated through
expansion of territory.

26. • In September 1939 Germany invaded Poland.
• This started a war with France and England.
• In September 1940 Tripartite Pact was signed between
Germany, Italy and Japan.
• Puppet regime, supportive of Nazi Germany, were
installed in a large part of Europe.
• By the end of 1940 Hitler was at the Pinnacle of his
power.

27. • Hitler now moved to achieve his long-term aim of
conquering Eastern Europe.
• He attacked the soviet union in June 1941.
• In this historic blunder Hitler exposed the German
western front to British aerial bombing and the
eastern front to the powerful Soviet armies.
• The Soviet Red Army inflicted a crushing and
humiliating defeat on Germany at Stalingrad.
• Soviet Army established Soviet hegemony over the
entire Eastern Europe for half a century there
after.

28. Involvement of USA in WW 2
• Initially USA has resisted involvement in the War.
• But it could not stay out of the war for long.
• Japan was expanding its power in the East.
• When Japan extended its support to Hitler and
bombed the US naval base Pearl Harbour in the
Pacific, US entered in War.
• The war ended in May 1945 with Hitler’s defeat and
the US dropping of the atom bomb on Hiroshima in
Japan.

29. • According to Nazi ideology, there was no equality
between people, but only racial hierarchy.
• The Nazis began creating an exclusive racial community
of pure Germans by physically eliminating those who
were considered undesirable.
• They wanted a society of pure and healthy Nordic
Aryans.
• Jews, Gypsies, Blacks, Russians, Poles even certain
Germans were considered Undesirable.
• The other aspect of Hitler’s ideology related to the
Geopolitical concept of Lebensraum, or living space.

30. • Jews were the worst sufferers in Nazi Germany.
• Hitler believed in pseudo-scientific theories of the race
which said that conversion was no solution to the
Jewish problem.
• It had to be solved through their total elimination.
• From 1933-1938 Nazis terrorised, Pauperised and
segregated the Jews, compelling them to leave the
country.
• The next phase 1939-1945 aimed at concentrating them
in certain areas and then killing them in Gas Chambers.

31. The Racial Utopia
• Genocide and War became two sides of same
coin.
• Occupied Poland was divided. Much of the north
western Poland was annexed to Germany. Poles
were forced to leave their homes and properties
behind to be occupied by ethnic Germans.

32. Youth in Nazi
Germany
• Hitler felt that strong Nazi society could be established
by teaching Nazi ideology to the children.
• The teachers who were Jews or seen as politically
undesirable were dismissed.
• Children were also segregated: German and Jews could
not sit together or play together.
• Finally in the 1940s undesirable children were taken to
the gas chambers.

33. • Textbooks were
rewritten, Even the
function of sports was
to nurture a spirit of
violence and
aggression among
children.
• Youth organisations-
• 10 years old had to
enter Jungvolk
• At 14 All boys joined
Hitler’s youth.
• They joined the labour
service at 18.

34. The Nazi cult of
Motherhood
• In Nazi Germany it was told that women were
different from men.
• The boys were taught to be aggressive, masculine and
steel hearted.
• Women were told to be good mothers and rear pure
blooded Aryan children.
• They were encouraged to produce many children.
• They were given special treatment and honour crosses
were awarded to produce more children.

35. The Art of
Propaganda
• The Nazi regime used language and media with care,
and often to great effect.
• They used Films, Pictures, Radio, Posters etc. to spread
hatred for Jews.
• Nazism worked on the minds of the people, tapped
their emotions and turned their hatred and anger at
those marked as undesirable.

36. Crimes against
Humanity
• People saw the world through Nazi Eyes and
spoke the Nazi language.
• At times even the Jews began to believe in the
Nazi stereotypes about them.

37. Knowledge about
the holocaust
• It was only after the world war 2 ended that people
came to know about what had happened.
• The Jews wanted the world to know about the
atrocities and sufferings they had endured during the
Nazi killing operations.
• They just wanted to live, even it was for a few hours to
tell the world about the holocaust.

38. Thank you
By-Harsha
Grover