This document contains a sample case assessment from an uveitis outpatient department. It provides demographic information, chief complaints, ocular and medical history, examination findings, and assessment for a 51-year-old female patient presenting with recurrent redness and eye pain in the right eye for 15 days. On examination, the right eye shows conjunctival congestion, stromal edema with deep vessels in the cornea, cells in the anterior chamber, and posterior synechiae of the iris. The left eye also demonstrates similar findings but to a lesser degree.
Presbyopia/ Methods of Presbyopic Addition Determination (healthkura.com)Bikash Sapkota
DIRECT DOWNLOAD LINK ❤❤https://healthkura.com/presbyopia-near-addition/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Presbyopia and techniques of measurement
A fantastic presentation in the topic "Presbyopia and techniques of measurement"
A detailed information about presbyopia, techniques of presbyopic add determination and different correction methods.
Informative slide presentation on presbyopia for ophthalmology residents, ophthalmologists, optometrists, ophthalmic assistants, ophthalmic technicians, ophthalmic nurses, medical students, medical professors, teaching guides.
Presentation Contents:
--Introduction to presbyopia
-Types of presbyopia
-Risk factors
-Symptoms and signs
-Refractive error and presbyopia
-Methods of determining near add.
-Management of presbyopia
In a nutshell..
- The evaluation and management of presbyopia are important because significant functional deficits can occur when the condition is left untreated
- Undercorrected or uncorrected presbyopia can cause significant visual disability and have a negative impact on the pt.'s quality of life
- Finally, every tentative addition should be adjusted according to the particular needs of the patient
For Further Reading:
-Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J.D. Bartlett, J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos
-Primary Care Optometry by Theodere Grosvenor
-Borish’s Clinical Refraction by W.J. Benjamin
-Clinical Procedures for Ocular examination by Carlson et al
-American Academy of Ophthalmology
-Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline by American Optometric Association
-Internet
Follow me to get in touch with optometric and ophthalmic updates.
Detailed instumentaion and use of manual Lensometer and just a outline of automated lensometer.
I have used the picture of manual lensometer with out the parts describtion because i have explained orally by showing the picture..
Hope u all like it and may help you in learning better. :)
Synoptophore is an instrument for diagnosing imbalance of eye muscles and treating them by orthoptic methods. In this presentation the parts of the synoptophore and the different slides used in the instrument are discussed
Presbyopia/ Methods of Presbyopic Addition Determination (healthkura.com)Bikash Sapkota
DIRECT DOWNLOAD LINK ❤❤https://healthkura.com/presbyopia-near-addition/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Presbyopia and techniques of measurement
A fantastic presentation in the topic "Presbyopia and techniques of measurement"
A detailed information about presbyopia, techniques of presbyopic add determination and different correction methods.
Informative slide presentation on presbyopia for ophthalmology residents, ophthalmologists, optometrists, ophthalmic assistants, ophthalmic technicians, ophthalmic nurses, medical students, medical professors, teaching guides.
Presentation Contents:
--Introduction to presbyopia
-Types of presbyopia
-Risk factors
-Symptoms and signs
-Refractive error and presbyopia
-Methods of determining near add.
-Management of presbyopia
In a nutshell..
- The evaluation and management of presbyopia are important because significant functional deficits can occur when the condition is left untreated
- Undercorrected or uncorrected presbyopia can cause significant visual disability and have a negative impact on the pt.'s quality of life
- Finally, every tentative addition should be adjusted according to the particular needs of the patient
For Further Reading:
-Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J.D. Bartlett, J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos
-Primary Care Optometry by Theodere Grosvenor
-Borish’s Clinical Refraction by W.J. Benjamin
-Clinical Procedures for Ocular examination by Carlson et al
-American Academy of Ophthalmology
-Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline by American Optometric Association
-Internet
Follow me to get in touch with optometric and ophthalmic updates.
Detailed instumentaion and use of manual Lensometer and just a outline of automated lensometer.
I have used the picture of manual lensometer with out the parts describtion because i have explained orally by showing the picture..
Hope u all like it and may help you in learning better. :)
Synoptophore is an instrument for diagnosing imbalance of eye muscles and treating them by orthoptic methods. In this presentation the parts of the synoptophore and the different slides used in the instrument are discussed
It is a case study report of mucopolysaccharidosis, I did when I was posted in Kanti Children's hospital
Prepared by:
Rashmi Regmi
B. Sc Nursing
Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
2. A good history commonly leads to a
diagnosis
Helps you focus on examination
Indicates when/what investigation are
needed
Helps determine the functional impact of the
condition
3. General out patient department history taking
procedure
Demographic data-
- Name (for identification , filing system,
friendly)
- Age (age related disease eg- children-
congenital,old-senile disease)
- Gender (gender related disease)
- Address (endemic disease, social status )
- Occupation (occupation related disease)
4. Chief complain (c/o) In patient’s language ( in which over
confortable language he/she want to speak)
Duration of complaint
If it is involving one or both eyes?
Any associated symptoms?
Any similar problem before?
Previous medical advice and medication
PTO.
5. There are two types of complain:-
1. Visual complaints:-
Sudden loss of vision, diminuation of vision ,
blurring of vision , photophobia.
2. Non visual complaint:-
Discharge , pain , itching , swelling
6. Spectacle history
Is he/she using any spectacle
If using since how many Days/months/years
he/she using the spectacle
Also check out present glass prescription
by neutralisation of lens ( by manually or
automated eg-lensometer )
glass history should must be taken
if he/she is complaining of blurring of vision
or diminishing of vision.
7. Ocular history
We should ask the patient if similar ocular
related problem have existed before
Previous eye surgery or eye injury
Chronological order of major illness and
major problem
Ask the use of ocular medication if he/she is
presently using.
8. Systemic history
• We should ask the patient about any systemic
health related history is existing or not
Eg- diabeties – if patient have diabeties and it may
lead to diabetic retinopathy ( which indicate
blurring of vision and related to thickening of the
retina with 500 micron)
• Hypertension
• Thyroid
• Asthama
• Heart disease
• Malingant diseases
9. Contact lens history
If patient using contact lens history we have
to note it up with asking of which company
contact lens you are using
11. Drug allergy disease history
We should ask the patient about you have
any allergy to the drugs
12. Family history
We should ask the patient whether his mother,
father , grandfather, grandmother have these
disease
Glaucoma
Squint
Myopia
Cataract
Poor vision
You should also ask about your family systemic
history
13. Birth history
Birth history is taken for children only
The history should be proceeds as if baby
birth is premature or forcep delivery or low
birth weight.
14. Social history
We should ask if patient is consuming
1. Smoking
2. Alcohol
3. Or any occupation or home circumstances
problem
15. All these are ask to each patient to each
ocular department.
Certain complaint of ocular cases are follows
16. Catract out patient dept history taking
procedure- senile cataract case
Demographic data – it is seen in old patient
usually above the age of 45 years
Presenting complain- 1. gradual loss of vision
2. May be associated with coloured halos , glare
History of present illness
h/o of radiation, injury to affected eye, diabetic
mellitus,steroid intake,
To rule out diseases affecting surgical
treatment eg diabeties mellitus , hypertension.
17. Uvea out patient h/o taking procedure –
acute iridocyclitis
Demographic data
Presenting symptoms- moderate to servere
pain , photophobia,
watering,redness,diminution of vision in
sudden onset.
h/o of present illness- h/o of allergic
condition like brochial asthama, hay fever,
allergic skin condition
h/o of joint pain to rule out rheumatoid
disease
18. h/o of trauma to eye
h/o of sinusitis
Past history
h/o of similar attacks in past
h/o of systemic infection eg
tubercolosis,leprosy,syphills etc
h/o of non infectious disease eg collagen
disorder, gout etc
h/o of allergic and autiimmune disorder
19. taking – corneal opacity and pterygium
Corneal opacity-
Demographic data
Presenting symptoms- whitish scar, causing defective
vision
History- history of trauma to eye
Pterygium:-
Demographic data
Age and sex- more common in male than female
occur in middle age
Presenting symptoms
PTO.
20. Extra growth on the cornea
Slight irritation or foreign body sensation
Diminuation of vision due to astigmatism
procced by traction on the cornea
Diplopia may occur due to limitation of
ocular movement
21. Glaucoma out patient dept history taking
procedure- primary open angle
glaucoma
Demographic data- usually affects 1 to 100 of
general population above the age of 40 age .
The disease is usually bilateral.
presenting symptoms –1. mild headache
2. Difficulty in reading
3. Occasionally patient notice a defect in visual
field(scotoma)
4. In late stages patient complain of delayed dark
adaptation
Family history is also taken
22. Strabismology out patient dept history
taking procedure
Demographic data
Presenting symptoms-patients presents with
deviation of one eye
h/o of present illness-
1. Age of onset
2. Mode of onset , sudden or gradual
3. Precipitating factor such as systemic illness,
trauma,
4. h/o of diplopia
5. Birth history is important in early childhood onset
deviation and h/o of glasses
Family history is important in case of stabismus
23. Case assesment from uvea out patient
department
Mr no- 1283965
Name- Vdaya chndrika
Age -51 years sex- female
History- nil
Systemic disease – nil
Complaint- c/o recurrent redness since 15 days in
right eye
c/o eye pain with pricking sensation since 15 days
h/o using glasses from 2 months
25. OLD GLASSES:-
OD- +2.00DSph
OS- +2.00Dsph
slit lamp examination
OD OS
Lid normal normal
Conjunctiva congetion congetion
more inferior more
inferior
26. Cornea inferior stroma inferior stroma
edema with deep with deep
vessels vessels
Anterior 1+cells cell 0.5
Chamber
iris posterior posterior
synechia synechia
Pupil p.s at 4o clock posterior
synechia inferior
27. Fundus CD 0.3 , CD 0.3’
HDRR , FR+, HDRR, FR+
Rest nornal Rest normal
vitreous cells + inferior
snow ball