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History of computer
The document summarizes the history of computers from early counting devices like tally sticks and abacuses through the five generations of modern computers. It describes the first generation which used vacuum tubes, the second which used transistors, the third using integrated circuits, the fourth using microprocessors, and the goal of the fifth generation to use artificial intelligence. Key inventions included Charles Babbage's analytical engine, the first computer program written by Ada Lovelace, and the use of binary by Babbage on the analytical engine.
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History of computer
- 1. By Muhammad Ikram History ofcomputer
- 2. Basic Information ofcomputer • Tally Stick: A tally stock was an ancient memory aid device to record and documents numbers, quantities, or even massages.
- 3. Abacus: • An abacusis a mechanical device which is used to calculation & numeric data. • The was invented in(city) Babylonia • It used to perform basic arithmetic operations. • It was 1st calculation device in all world.
- 4. Old Image OfAbacus
- 5. New Image OfAbacus
- 6. Napier’s Bones: • Inventedby john Napier in 1614. • Allow the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards.
- 7. Difference Engine &Analytical Engine • It an automatic, mechanical calculator designed by Charles Babbage in 1822. • It is 1st mechanical computer. • In 1822 he had a working model to show off • It was completely running with steamed. • This computer will be completely controlled due to the program & will be used. • In 1833 he lost interest in it.
- 9. Analytical Engine: • TheAnalytical Engine was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, a design for a mechanical computer.
- 10. First Computer Programmer: •In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron Suggests to Babbage that he use the binary system. • She write programs for the Analytical • Engine. So she is known for first programmer. • Daughter of Poet Lord Byron.
- 11. Computer Generations: • Thereare five generations of computer. • Let's discuss how the modern computer involved the generation after generation. • The computers that was developed the from 1942 to 1955 were called the First generation of computer. • The first generation computer used vacuum tube. • Consist of Glass bulb and wire. The wire is used to carry data in the form of electronic signal. • The first Generation computers were large sizes. • This vacuum used vacuum tube for computer calculation.
- 12. • Vacuum tubewas very expensive due to the requirement of expertise and skill. It was hot and burned. • They had air-conditioned rooms to keep them. Because Vacuum tube exhausted heat.
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- 16. Second Generation ofComputer: • Transzers were used in the second generation. • In 1947 Williom Shockley , Joan Bardrain & Williom Brittan invented transzers. • It requires less space. The size of 200 transistors was equal to a Vacuum tube. • It's cheaper than vacuum tube. • Transzers works 40 times faster than a Vacuum Tube. • It is not as hot as the Vacuum tube and does not break. • It removes very little heat than the vacuum tube.
- 17. • Second GenerationComputer has more complex calculations, logical units, lower level and high level programming languages like, BASIC ,PASCAL COBOL & The assembly used to be used. • There was also a system software with computer. • Examples of second generation Examples of Second Generation Computer include IBM 7094, IBM 1400 & CDC 164 etc.
- 18. IBM 7094 IBM1400
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- 20. 3rd Generation ofComputer • Integrated circuits (ICs) used for the computer's third generation. • 1st ICs was invented & used in 1961. • An IC is 1/4 square inches. • A single-IC chip consists of thousands of transistors. • In this way computer science became small-to-use, reliable and more cheap and massively became popular in business magnetic core memory used in these computers was used as internal storage • Examples of 3rd generation • Successful computers of this generation IBM system 360 , IBM 370 & UNIVAC 9000 Etc.
- 21. UNIVAC 9000 IBMsystem 360
- 22. Image of Integratedcircuits
- 23. 4th Generation ofComputer • The fourth generation used micro-processors for computers. • Modern Micro Processors, usually there are less than a square inch and millions of electronic circuits contain • Today, many electrical appliances like wrist watches are used in cars and vehicles. • Micro processors have revolutionized the world of computer. • Due to the micro processor, the speed of the contractor's speed and the internal storage capacity increased and it sizes smaller. • Examples of 4th generation Apple Macintosh & IBM PC etc.
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- 26. 5th Generation ofComputer • Artificial intelligence used in the fifth generation of computer • Artificial intelligence is currently in progress • Artificial intelligence makes revolution in computers fields. • Now a days with the help of artificial intelligence people are preparing a lot of robots. • Artificial intelligence has made the world more fast. • Artificial intelligence is currently in progress.
- 27. • The targetof fifth generation computer is such development which works according to natural gender input. those who have the ability to remember and work • Examples of 5th generation • Every kind of robots
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