This document defines hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control (HIRARC) and explains the HIRARC process. It defines key terms like hazard, danger, risk, and risk assessment. The purpose of HIRARC is to identify hazards, assess risks, and control risks to ensure employee safety. The HIRARC process involves identifying hazards, assessing risks through analyzing hazards and determining risk rates, and controlling risks through measures like elimination, substitution, isolation and use of personal protective equipment. Risk assessment should be conducted before, during and after operations, and reviewed when changes are made or required by law.

1. Dr. Ahmad Nazib Alias
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk
Control (HIRARC)

2. Definition
• Hazard means a source or a situation with a potential
for harm in terms of human injury or ill health,
damage to property,
• Hazad suatu situasi atau sumber ynag berpotensi
untuk terjadinya kecedaraan kepada manusia, sakit
kesihatan, kerosakan harta

3. Definition
• Danger: Relative exposure to hazard
• Bahaya: dedahan kepada hazad
• Risk means a combination of the likelihood of an
occurrence of a hazardous event with specified
period
• Risiko adalah kombinasi diantara kemungkinan
(kebarangkalian) untuk terjadinya hazad pada masa
tertentu

4. Definition
• Risk assessment means the process of evaluating the
risks to safety and health arising from hazards at
work.
• Hazard control means the process of implementing
measures to reduce the risk associated with a hazard.

5. What is Risk?
How to predict the risk?

6. Purpose of HIRARC
a) Legal requirement
b) to identify all the factors that may cause harm to
employees and others (the hazards);
c) to consider what the chances are of that harm actually
be falling anyone in the circumstances of a particular
case and the possible severity that could come from it
(the risks); and
d) to enable employers to plan, introduce and monitor
preventive measures to ensure that the risks are
adequately controlled at all times.

7. When to Carry out Risk Assessment?
• Before operation
• During operation
• After operation

8. When to Review Risk Assessment?
1. Internal Operation
Before modification, changes or introduction of new
- material, machinery or processes, working
procedures
2. External – legal requirement

9. Basic Component of Risk Management
1. Hazard Identification
2. Risk assessment
3. Risk Control
4. Review

10. HIRARC Process

11. Hazard
Identification

12. Sources of Hazard
1. Man Unsafe act
2. Machinery Installation, layout
3. Materials  Substances such as
chemicals, radioactive and gases
4. method The way people carry out their
work
5. Media Work place condition i.e. air
quality, ventilation, lighting, noise,
vibration

13. Classification of Hazard
Classification Example
Physical Mechanical ( Sharp point, edges, overload)
Electrical (Electrical cord insulation damaged,
wire cover)
Biological Blood borne, viruses, bacteria and Fungus
Chemical Exposed to carcinogens chemicals
Ergonomic Awkward design of workstation
Psychological Stress, sexual harassment and violent

14. Assessment- Identifying Hazard
• Information Gathering (Area Map, site
plans)
• Review of Documents and publication
• Inspection and observation
• Measurement of the atmosphere, monitor
environment
• Health or medical surveillance
• Previous hazard analysis

15. Hazard Analysis
• Job safety analysis
• HAZOP (Hazard Operational)
• Fault tree

16. Hazard Analysis (Job safety )
• Identify job to be done
• List things that can go wrong

17. Hazop
• To identify and evaluate safety hazards ib
the process plants
• New design or process
• “What if” questionnaire method

18. Fault Tree Analysis

19. Near Miss!!!

25. Risk Rate
Risk rate = Severity x likelihood
= hazard x exposure
Likelihood = is an event likely to occur within the
specific period or in specified circumstances
@ How much quantities of chemicals enter the body

26. Severity of Hazard
Severity is the outcome of event
Harm to health
Damage to property
Damage to environment
Combination of the above

27. Risk Rate

28. Risk Rate

29. Risk Control
Langkah-Langkah Kawalan Risiko
Elimination
Substitutional
Isolation
Engineering Control
Admin. Control
PPE
Safe work system
&practice
Modified the process
@parameter
Most
Fair
Least

30. HiRARC FORM
Legal
requirement

31. Spot The Hazard

32. Spot The Hazard

33. Spot The Hazard

34. Spot The Hazard

35. Spot The Hazard