HPTLC- Principle, Instrumentation and Software (Abhishek Gupta)Abhishek Gupta
HPTLC is the improved method of TLC which utilizes the conventional technique of TLC in more optimized way
It is also known as planar chromatography or Flat-bed chromatography.
In this slide contains principle, instrumentation, methodology, and application of gel chromatography.
Presented by: SATHEES CHANDRA (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
Gas chromatography and its instrumentationArgha Sen
Gas chromatography is an unique technology which helps us in separating volatile analytes. Its is an easy and reproduciple method for detecting residual solvents found in APIs.
HPTLC- Principle, Instrumentation and Software (Abhishek Gupta)Abhishek Gupta
HPTLC is the improved method of TLC which utilizes the conventional technique of TLC in more optimized way
It is also known as planar chromatography or Flat-bed chromatography.
In this slide contains principle, instrumentation, methodology, and application of gel chromatography.
Presented by: SATHEES CHANDRA (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
Gas chromatography and its instrumentationArgha Sen
Gas chromatography is an unique technology which helps us in separating volatile analytes. Its is an easy and reproduciple method for detecting residual solvents found in APIs.
This presentation gives you thorough knowledge about the IR Spectroscopy. This include basic principle, type of vibrations, factors influencing vibrational frequency, instrumentation and applications of IR Spectroscopy. This is the most widely used technique for identifying unknown functional group depending on the vibrational frequency.
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
ByM.Vharshini
B.Sc. Bio Medical Science
Sri Ramachandra University
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
Ion-exchange chromatography is a process that allows the separation of ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger.
It can be used for almost any kind of charged molecule including large proteins, small nucleotides and amino acids.
Cations or Anions can be separated using this method.
PRINCIPLE
It is based on the reversible electrostatic interaction of ions with the separation matrix (i.e.)
The separation occurs by reversible exchange of ions between the ions present in the solution and those present in the ion exchange resin.
CLASSIFICATION OF RESINS
According to the chemical nature they classified as-
1. Strong cation exchange resin
2. Weak cation exchange resin
3. Strong anion exchange resin
4. Weak anion exchange resin
According to the Source they can -
Natural resins : Cation - Zeolytes, Clay
Anion - Dolomite
Synthetic resins: Inorganic & Organic resins
◘Organic resins are polymeric resin matrix.
The resin composed of –
Polystyrene (sites for exchangeable functional groups)
Divinyl benzene(Cross linking agent)-offers stability.
Ion exchange resin should have following requirements
»It must be chemically stable.
»It should be insoluble in common solvents.
» It should have a sufficient degree of cross linking.
»The swollen resin must be denser than water.
»It must contain sufficient no. of ion exchange groups.
Physical properties of ion exchange resins
Cross linking:
It affects swelling & strength & solubility
Swelling:
When resin swells, polymer chain spreads apart
Polar solvents → swelling
Non-polar solvents → contraction
Swelling also affected electrolyte concentration.
Particle size and porosity
Increase in surface area & decrease in particle size will increase the rate of ion exchange.
Regeneration
Cation exchange resin are regenerated by treatment with acid, then washing with water.
Anion exchange resin are regenerated by treatment with NaOH, then washing with water until neutral.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP OF ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
Metrohm 850 Ion chromatography system
Instrumentation of ion exchange chromatography
PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS
1.Column
» glass, stainless steel or polymers
2.Packing the column
» Wet packing method:
A slurry is prepared of the eluent with the stationary phase powder and then carefully poured into the column. Care must be taken to avoid air bubbles.
3.Application of the sample
After packing, sample is added to the top of the stationary phase, use syringe or pipette.
This layer is usually topped with a small layer of sand or with cotton or glass wool to protect the shape of the organic layer from the velocity of newly added eluent.
4.Mobile phase
Acids, alkalis, buffers…
6.Stationary phase
The ionic
This presentation gives you thorough knowledge about the IR Spectroscopy. This include basic principle, type of vibrations, factors influencing vibrational frequency, instrumentation and applications of IR Spectroscopy. This is the most widely used technique for identifying unknown functional group depending on the vibrational frequency.
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
ByM.Vharshini
B.Sc. Bio Medical Science
Sri Ramachandra University
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
Ion-exchange chromatography is a process that allows the separation of ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger.
It can be used for almost any kind of charged molecule including large proteins, small nucleotides and amino acids.
Cations or Anions can be separated using this method.
PRINCIPLE
It is based on the reversible electrostatic interaction of ions with the separation matrix (i.e.)
The separation occurs by reversible exchange of ions between the ions present in the solution and those present in the ion exchange resin.
CLASSIFICATION OF RESINS
According to the chemical nature they classified as-
1. Strong cation exchange resin
2. Weak cation exchange resin
3. Strong anion exchange resin
4. Weak anion exchange resin
According to the Source they can -
Natural resins : Cation - Zeolytes, Clay
Anion - Dolomite
Synthetic resins: Inorganic & Organic resins
◘Organic resins are polymeric resin matrix.
The resin composed of –
Polystyrene (sites for exchangeable functional groups)
Divinyl benzene(Cross linking agent)-offers stability.
Ion exchange resin should have following requirements
»It must be chemically stable.
»It should be insoluble in common solvents.
» It should have a sufficient degree of cross linking.
»The swollen resin must be denser than water.
»It must contain sufficient no. of ion exchange groups.
Physical properties of ion exchange resins
Cross linking:
It affects swelling & strength & solubility
Swelling:
When resin swells, polymer chain spreads apart
Polar solvents → swelling
Non-polar solvents → contraction
Swelling also affected electrolyte concentration.
Particle size and porosity
Increase in surface area & decrease in particle size will increase the rate of ion exchange.
Regeneration
Cation exchange resin are regenerated by treatment with acid, then washing with water.
Anion exchange resin are regenerated by treatment with NaOH, then washing with water until neutral.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP OF ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
Metrohm 850 Ion chromatography system
Instrumentation of ion exchange chromatography
PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS
1.Column
» glass, stainless steel or polymers
2.Packing the column
» Wet packing method:
A slurry is prepared of the eluent with the stationary phase powder and then carefully poured into the column. Care must be taken to avoid air bubbles.
3.Application of the sample
After packing, sample is added to the top of the stationary phase, use syringe or pipette.
This layer is usually topped with a small layer of sand or with cotton or glass wool to protect the shape of the organic layer from the velocity of newly added eluent.
4.Mobile phase
Acids, alkalis, buffers…
6.Stationary phase
The ionic
this presentation presents introduction about high performance thin layer chromatography, its features, principle and instrumentation along with its applications. it also gives comparison between TLC and HPTLC. instrumentation is given in a sequence for easier understanding of instrument.
The slides are informative of HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY & its thorough components further its advantages and applications. The comparison of HPLC and HPTLC is explained.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
1. HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY(HPTLC)
Presented By :
Swati .V. Sahani
First Year M.Pharm(sem-1)
Orential College Of Pharmacy
Under the guidance of
Mr Sayyed Mateen Sayyed Moin
1
2. CONTENTS
Introduction.
Principle of HPTLC.
Difference between TLC & HPTLC.
Steps involved in HPTLC.
Materials used for HPTLC plates.
Mobile phase.
Sample application.
HPTLC plate development.
Application of HPTLC.
2
3. INTRODUCTION
Chromatography is physical method of separation in
which the components to be separated are distributed
between two phase, one of which is stationary phase
while the other mobile phase moves in a definite
direction
Types of Chromatographic Techniques
3
4. HPTLC- sophisticated form of thin layer
chromatography it involves the same theoretical
principle of thin layer chromatography .
Traditional thin layer chromatography & its
modern instrumental quantitative analysis version
HPTLC are very popular for many reason such as
Visual chromatogram.
Simplicity.
Multiple sample handling.
4
5. Principle
Separation my result due to adsorption or partition or
by both phenomenon depending upon the nature of
adsorbents used on plates and solvents system used for
development.
The mobile phase flows through the plate because of
capillary action. the components move according to
their affinites toward the adsorbent .
The component with more affinity towards stationary
phase travels slower. the component lesser affinity
towards stationary phase travel faster
5
7. Features of HPTLC
Simultaneous processing of sample and standard –better analytical.
precision and accuracy, less need of internal standard.
Low analysis time and less cost per analysis
Low maintenance cost.
Simple sample preparation.
Low mobile phase consumption per sample .
No interference for previous analysis –fresh stationary and mobile.
phase for each analysis-no contamination.
Visual detection possible.
7
8. Steps involved in HPTLC
Selection of chromatographic plates (HPTLC plates)
Selection of chromatographic layer
Pre washing of plates
Activation of HPTLC plates
Layer pre-conditioning
Application of sample and standard
Chromatographic development
Detection of spots
scanning
8
9. Steps Involving in HPTLC
Sample Preparation
Application of sample
Chromatography Development
Detection of Spots
Selection of
Chromatography layer
Pre -washing
Pre- Conditioning
Scanning and Documentation9
10. Selection Of Chromatography Plates
Hand Made Plates
Pre Coated Plates
Hand Made Plates
Cellulose
Cellulose with binder starch
Silica gel with starch
Acetylated cellulose + CaSO4 ½ H2O
10
11. Precoated Layer Of HPTLC
Different support materials are used
Glass
Polyester sheets
Aluminium
Silica gel 60F
Aluminium oxide: Basic substances ,alkaloid and
steroids.
RP,RP8,RP18: Nonpolar substances ,fatty
acids,carotenoids,cholesterol.
Preservatives,barbiturates,analgesic and phenothiazines-
Hybrid plates RP18WF25S
11
12. Sample And Standard Preparation
Sample and standard should dissolved in the same
solvent to ensure comparable distribution at
stationary zones.
For normal phase chromatography solvent for
dissolving the sample should be non polar.
For reverse phase chromatography polar solvents
are used.
12
13. Pre Washing Of Pre Coated Plates
To avoid any possible interference due to impurities it
is recommended to wash the plates is called pre washing.
Methods used for pre washing are : Dipping
Ascending
Continous
Solvents used for washing are:
Chloroform in methanol(1:1)
Methylene chloride – methanol(1:1)
1%ammonia or 1% acetic acid13
14. Activation Of Pre-coated Plates
Freshly open box of plates do not require activation.
Plates exposed to high humidity or kept on hand for long time
to be activated
By placing in oven at 110-120ºc for 30 minutes prior to
spotting.
Aluminium sheets should be kept in between two glass plates
and placing in oven at 110-115ºc for 15 minutes.
14
16. Application Of Standard And Sample
Selection of sample application and devices used
depends on
Sample volume
Number of samples to be applied
Samples is applied by use of automatic devices and
graduated capillaries.
Volume recommended for HPTLC 0.5-5μl
Sample should not excess or not low
Over loading can be over come by applying sample as
band.
16
17. NANOMAT AND CAPILLARY DEVICES
The Nanomat serves for easy application
of samples in the form of spots on
HPTLC plates.
The Nanomat is suitable for HPTLC
plates 1Х10 cm and 20Х10 cm.
capillaries of 0.5, 1.2 and 5μl volume
available.
17
18. Selection Of Mobile Phase
Normal phase –
Stationary phase is polar
Mobile phase is non polar
Non polar compounds eluted first because of lower
affinity with stationary phase .
polar compound retained because of higher affinity
with the stationary phase
Reversed phase
Stationary phase is non polar
Mobile phase is polar
polar compound eluted first because of lower affinity
with stationary phase non polar compounds retained
because of higher affinity with the stationary phase.
18
19. Pre Conditioning ( Chamber Saturation)
Un-saturated chamber causes high Rf values
Saturated chamber by lining with filter paper
for 30 minutes prior to development.
Lead to uniform distribution of solvent vapours
and low Rf value
19
21. Chromatographic Development And
Drying
After development remove the
plate and mobile phase is
removed from the plate –to avoid
contamination of lab atmosphere.
Dry in vacuum desiccator
21
22. Chamber Development
Twin trough and flat bottom chamber
Horizontal development chamber
HPTLC various system
Automatic developing chamber(ADC2)
Automated multiple development (AMD)
22
24. Horizontal Developing
Chamber
It is developed from both opposing
sides towards the middle.
HPTLC Various System
Development with six different
solvents can be tested side by
side.
Six different conditions of pre-
equilibration , including relative
humidity , can be tested
simultaneously.
24
25. Automatic Developing
Chamber (ADC2)
The Automatic Developing Chamber
offers convenience , safety and
reproducibility for isocratic
development of TLC/HPTLC plates.
Automated Multiple
Development (AMD)
Employed for reproducible
gradient elution.
25
26. Derivatization
For proper execution of the dipping
technique, the chromatogram must
be immersed and withdrawn at a
controlled uniform speed.
HPTLC SPRAYER
The TLC/HPTLC sprayer consist of
a pump unit with two kinds of spray
heads.
Spray head type A is for spray
solutions.
26
27. Detection and visualization
Detection under UV light is first
choice –non destructive spots of
fluorescent compounds can be
seen at 254nm(near UV range)
27
28. Quantification
Sample and standard should be chromatographed on
sample plate after development chromatogram is scanned
Camag TLC scanner III scan the chromatogram in
reflectance or in transmittance mode by absorbance or by
fluorescent mode.
Scanning speed is selectable up to 100 mm/s –spectra
recording is fast -36 tracks with up to 100 peak windows
can be evaluated.
Calibration of single and multiple levels with linear or
nonlinear regressions are possible. When target values
are to be verified such as stability testing and dissolution
profile single level calibration is suitable.
28
29. TLC Scanner 3
It can also be used for densitometer
measurements of other planar objects
such as electrophoresis gels.
Key features
Scanning speed 1-100mm/s
Spectrum recording up to 100 mm/s.
29
30. Application of HPTLC
Pharmaceutical Industry : quality control, content
uniformity, identity/purity check.
Food Analysis: quality control, additives, pesticides,
stability testing.
Clinical Application :metabolism studies, drug
screening, stability testing etc.
Industrial Application: process development and
optimization, In-process check, validation etc.
Forensic : poisoning investigation.
Finger print analysis.
30
31. Reference:-
Sethi PD HPTLC High performance thin layer
chromatography, First edition, CBS Publisher and
Distrributers.
Reich, E.and Schhibli A.(2007)High performance liquid
chromatography for analysis of medicinal plant, Thieme.
Sherma J.Review of HPTLC in Drug Analysis:1996-2009. J
AOAC Int.2010;93:754-64.
Arup U, Ekman S , Lindblom L, Mattsson JE.High
performance Thin Layer
Chromatography(HPTLC),1993;25:61-71.
31