HPTLC is an advancement of TLC. It is a high performance liquid chromatography with automation compared to Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC).Speed, Efficiency and Accuracy are important advantages. Evaluation time is less due to updated automation in instrumentation.
Steps involved in HPTLC and the materials and instruments required in those steps are described in brief.
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Ā
HPTLC is the improved method of TLC which utilizes the conventional technique of TLC in more optimized way
It is also known as planar chromatography or Flat-bed chromatography.
This presentation contains all the topics related to column chromatography. That includes introduction, principle,apparatus, experimental aspects of column chromatography, application of column chromatography, advantage and disadvantage of column chromatography with reference.
HPTLC- Principle, Instrumentation and Software (Abhishek Gupta)Abhishek Gupta
Ā
HPTLC is the improved method of TLC which utilizes the conventional technique of TLC in more optimized way
It is also known as planar chromatography or Flat-bed chromatography.
This presentation contains all the topics related to column chromatography. That includes introduction, principle,apparatus, experimental aspects of column chromatography, application of column chromatography, advantage and disadvantage of column chromatography with reference.
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Presented by: SATHEES CHANDRA (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
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In this slide contains principle of IR spectroscopy and sampling techniques.
Presented by: R.Banuteja (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantpur.
In this slide contains Interference In Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and applications.
Presented by: Shaik Gouse ul azam. ( department of pharmaceutical analysis.)
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chromatography, principle, adsorbent of TLC, mobile phase of TLC, techniques in TLC, preparation of TLC plate, standards for TLC, advantages, disadvantages of TLC, Application of TLC.
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Gas chromatography is an unique technology which helps us in separating volatile analytes. Its is an easy and reproduciple method for detecting residual solvents found in APIs.
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All the basic thing of hptlc is explained. The diffrences between tlc ,hplc and hptlc is expalin.All tools of hptlc with images is explained.
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It is a multi-element analysis technique that will separate a sample into its constituent atoms and ions and excite it to a higher energy level.
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Infringing products are being produced and consumed in virtually all economies.
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Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
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WHO launched theĀ Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS)Ā in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctorsā offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Ā Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
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VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratoryĀ
Ā to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
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Pubricaās team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
2. INTRODUCTION
ā¢ It is the major advancement of TLC principle.
ā¢ The technique is more modernized.
ā¢ Advantages over TLC.
ā¢ Short time duration.
ā¢ Better resolution.
ā¢ More sensitivity.
ā¢ Ease of quantification.
2
3. INSTRUMENTATION
ā¢ Stepwise procedure include:
1.Preparation of plates
2.Sample application
3.Chromatogram development
4.Derivatization
5.Chromatogram evaluation
6.Scanning and documentation
3
4. PLATES
ā¢ Pre-coated plates:
ā¢ Wider choice for stationary phase.eg : Silica ,
alumina , cellulose , C18 , C8.
ā¢ Particle size is 2-7 Ī¼m.
ā¢ Pore size is smaller and more uniform.
ā¢ Thickness is 0.2 mm.
ā¢ If the plates are stored for longer duration of
time, they need to be activated before use.
4
6. SAMPLE APPLICATION
ā¢ Samples are carefully taken
with special syringe (Hamilton
syringe).
ā¢ The volume ranges available
are 0.5Ī¼l ,1Ī¼l , 2Ī¼l , 5Ī¼l.
ā¢ The syringe is filled carefully to
avoid the presence of air
bubbles as it will affect the
volume of sample.
6
7. ā¢ It is connected to a nitrogen gas chamber .
ā¢ The pressure to be used is 60-90 psi (4-6 bar).
7
8. ā¢ Plate size will vary according to sample
number.
ā¢ Samples are dried in the dessicator.
8
9. CHROMATOGRAM DEVELOPMENT
ā¢ Chamber saturation is required for effective
separation.
ā¢ Before the development of chromatogram the
chamber is saturated with vapors of mobile
phase.
ā¢ If the chamber saturation is not done the
mobile phase rising through plate will get
evaporated and the separation will not be
effective.
9
10. ā¢ Flat bottom chamber:
ā¢ Twin trough chamber:
1.Low solvent consumption
2.Reproducible preconditioning of the layer
10
11. ā¢ Horizontal developing
chamber:
ā¢ The HPTLC plate is developed
from both opposing sides
towards the middle, provided
the separation distance of 45
mm.
11
13. ā¢ If the separated compounds are fluorescent in
nature , they can be detected using UV cabinet, If
the separated compound are not fluorescent ,
then the fluorescent material is incorporated into
stationary phase.
ā¢ Post chromatogram derivatization e.g.
concentrated sulfuric acid. Many organic
compound get charred due to sulfuric acid and
produce black or brown spots.
ā¢ Other reagents used : Iodine,Ninhydrin reagent.
13
14. DOCUMENTATION SYSTEM
ā¢ Digistore 2 ( CAMAG ):
ā¢ It has a digital camera
with high resolution
which is connected to
winCATS software.
ā¢ It has an illumination unit
(Reprostar 3) which will
provide the short , long
wavelengths and white
light.
14
15. SCANNER
ā¢ For quantitative
estimation of
different compounds
at their Ī»max can be
carried out ,since the
scanner provides the
measurement at
wavelengths in the
range of 200-400nm.
15
16. ā¢ In the scanner , each sample band is brought
in the path of a required wavelength.
ā¢ The peaks are recorded and compared with
standard.
ā¢ Thus scanner makes in situ and accurate
quantification by HPTLC.
ā¢ Advantage : There is no need of removal of
the separated components unlike TLC which
pose the chances for errors.
16
17. ā¢ A scanning densitometer has the following
components:
ā¢ Light source: hydrogen lamp ,mercury vapor
lamp , xenon lamp .
ā¢ Collimating lens: It makes the beam parallel
before entering it into monochromator.
ā¢ Monochromator: Either a single or double
monochromators are used according to the
type of scanning densitometer.
17
18. ā¢ A converging lens: A beam is converged to
focus on the separated compounds, When it
gets reflected back it falls on the detector.
ā¢ Detector : An effective detector such as
photomultiplier tube is employed for
measurement of reflected beam. A signal
produced by the detector indicates the
concentration of compound present in that
band.
18
19. ā¢ A stepping motor: In order to bring each spot
in the focus of a converged beam of radiation
it is used in densitometers. It moves a plate
under the scanned light beam in order to scan
the plate.
19
20. CONCLUSION
ā¢ The automation at different steps provide
more accuracy , better resolution . Lower limit
of detection in HPTLC.
ā¢ One recent approach to automation has been
the use of piezoelectric devices and inkjet
printers for applying sample.
ā¢ Being more advanced , the usage of HPTLC is
well appreciated and accepted all over the
world.
20
21. REFERENCES
ā¢ Dr Supriya S Mahajan;Instrumental methods
of analysis;2010;Page no: 270-274.
ā¢ CAMAG; Basic tools for thin layer
chromatography ;Edition 2017;Page no:10-17.
ā¢ Skoog , Holller , Nieman; Instrumental
Analysis; 7th edition ;2009;Page no:217-225.
ā¢ Dr P D Sethi; HPTLC;1st edition ;1996,Page
no:25,30-48.
21
In case a longer separationDistance is desired, the Horizontal Developing Chamber can be used For development from one side.
In the Horizontal Developing Chamber, a plate can be developed in
the sandwich configuration as well as in the tank configuration.
This permits the number of samples to be doubled as compared with development in A tank,