It describes about the procedure of Hess charting. it serves as a great tool to understand the concepts involved. Suitable for optometry course. This is not a routine procedure but an important procedure which is used in diagnosis.
Gives a very brief review of how to evaluate a case of squint in day to day clinical practice. How to diagnose a basic abnormality of the movement of eye.
Accommodation/ Accommodation of Eye, Measurement of Accommodation of Eye (hea...Bikash Sapkota
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD FULL PPT ❤❤ https://healthkura.com/measurement-of-accommodation-of-eye/ ❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Measurement of Accommodation of eye:
Amplitude, Facility,
Relative Accommodation, Fatigue, Lag,
Dynamic Retinoscopy
Presentation Layout:
-Introduction to accommodation of eye
-Mechanism
-Components
-Measurement of accommodation of eye
- Amplitude
- Facility
- Relative accommodation
- Lag
-Dynamic Retinoscopy
Accommodation
-dioptric adjustment of the crystalline lens of the eye
- to obtain clear vision for a given target of regard
-process by which the refractive power of eye is altered
- to ensure a clear retinal image
For further reading
-Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J.D. Bartlett, J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos
-Primary Care Optometry by Theodere Grosvenor
-Borish’s Clinical Refraction by W.J. Benjamin
-Clinical Procedures for Ocular examination by Carlson et al
-American Academy of Ophthalmology
-Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline by American Optometric Association
-Internet
Follow me to get in touch with optometric and ophthalmic updates
DIRECT DOWNLOAD LINK ❤❤https://healthkura.com/retinoscopy/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Retinoscopy and Objective Refraction and Subjective Refraction in spherical ametropia and astigmatism
Retinoscopy (Principle & Techniques of Retinoscopy) and objective refraction, Subjective Refracition
Best presentation about retinoscopy and objective refraction techniques, and basis of subjective refraction. If you want to master the technique of retinoscopy, this presentation can be your guidance and partner in your journey to retinoscopy, objective refraction and subjective refraction.
Presentation Layout:
Retinoscope, types of retinoscope and uses of retinoscope
-Introduction to retinoscopy and objective refraction
-Retinoscopy
- In spherical ametropia
- In astigmatism
- Others: strabismus, amblyopia, pediatric pt.,
cycloplegic refraction
-Static and Dynamic Retinoscopy
-Problems seeing reflex during retinoscopy
-Errors in retinoscopy
Objective of retinoscopy and objective refraction
-To locate the far point of the eye conjugate to the retina
- Myopia or hyperopia
-Bring far point to the infinity by using appropriate lenses
- Determines amount of ametropia by retinoscopy and objective refraction
References:
-Clinical Procedures in Optometry by Eskridge, Amos and Bartlett ,
-Primary Care Optometry by Grosvenor T.,
-Borish’s Clinical Refraction by Benjamin W. J.,
-Theory And Practice Of Optics And Refraction by AK Khurana
-Retinoscopy-Student Manual by ICEE Refractive Error Training Package (2009)
-Clinical Optics and Refraction By Andrew Keirl, Caroline Christie
-Clinical Refraction Guide - A Kumar Bhootra
-Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care by David B. Elliott
-Internet
Follow me to get in touch with optometric and ophthalmic updates.
Fitting an Astigmatic Patient is really a challenging.Though fitting a Toric Cornea is another challenge in CL Dispensing practice.This Slide will give you a basic considerations in RGP Toric lens.
Gives a very brief review of how to evaluate a case of squint in day to day clinical practice. How to diagnose a basic abnormality of the movement of eye.
Accommodation/ Accommodation of Eye, Measurement of Accommodation of Eye (hea...Bikash Sapkota
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD FULL PPT ❤❤ https://healthkura.com/measurement-of-accommodation-of-eye/ ❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Measurement of Accommodation of eye:
Amplitude, Facility,
Relative Accommodation, Fatigue, Lag,
Dynamic Retinoscopy
Presentation Layout:
-Introduction to accommodation of eye
-Mechanism
-Components
-Measurement of accommodation of eye
- Amplitude
- Facility
- Relative accommodation
- Lag
-Dynamic Retinoscopy
Accommodation
-dioptric adjustment of the crystalline lens of the eye
- to obtain clear vision for a given target of regard
-process by which the refractive power of eye is altered
- to ensure a clear retinal image
For further reading
-Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J.D. Bartlett, J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos
-Primary Care Optometry by Theodere Grosvenor
-Borish’s Clinical Refraction by W.J. Benjamin
-Clinical Procedures for Ocular examination by Carlson et al
-American Academy of Ophthalmology
-Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline by American Optometric Association
-Internet
Follow me to get in touch with optometric and ophthalmic updates
DIRECT DOWNLOAD LINK ❤❤https://healthkura.com/retinoscopy/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Retinoscopy and Objective Refraction and Subjective Refraction in spherical ametropia and astigmatism
Retinoscopy (Principle & Techniques of Retinoscopy) and objective refraction, Subjective Refracition
Best presentation about retinoscopy and objective refraction techniques, and basis of subjective refraction. If you want to master the technique of retinoscopy, this presentation can be your guidance and partner in your journey to retinoscopy, objective refraction and subjective refraction.
Presentation Layout:
Retinoscope, types of retinoscope and uses of retinoscope
-Introduction to retinoscopy and objective refraction
-Retinoscopy
- In spherical ametropia
- In astigmatism
- Others: strabismus, amblyopia, pediatric pt.,
cycloplegic refraction
-Static and Dynamic Retinoscopy
-Problems seeing reflex during retinoscopy
-Errors in retinoscopy
Objective of retinoscopy and objective refraction
-To locate the far point of the eye conjugate to the retina
- Myopia or hyperopia
-Bring far point to the infinity by using appropriate lenses
- Determines amount of ametropia by retinoscopy and objective refraction
References:
-Clinical Procedures in Optometry by Eskridge, Amos and Bartlett ,
-Primary Care Optometry by Grosvenor T.,
-Borish’s Clinical Refraction by Benjamin W. J.,
-Theory And Practice Of Optics And Refraction by AK Khurana
-Retinoscopy-Student Manual by ICEE Refractive Error Training Package (2009)
-Clinical Optics and Refraction By Andrew Keirl, Caroline Christie
-Clinical Refraction Guide - A Kumar Bhootra
-Clinical Procedures in Primary Eye Care by David B. Elliott
-Internet
Follow me to get in touch with optometric and ophthalmic updates.
Fitting an Astigmatic Patient is really a challenging.Though fitting a Toric Cornea is another challenge in CL Dispensing practice.This Slide will give you a basic considerations in RGP Toric lens.
This slide explains the technique of assessing soft tissue manually. the slide show also, describes about the different palpatory methods to assess it as described by janda
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
We tried to expand the Posner paradigm, a framework which links attentive effects to early events of cognitive processing.
In a spatial cueing task, the influence of attentive effects on the P1 component onset was confirmed. The discussion includes speculation about the underlying neural mechanisms.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
4. 1. Synergists. It refers to the muscles having the
same primary action in the same eye; e.g., superior
rectus and inferior oblique of the same eye act as
synergistic elevators.
2.Antagonists. These are the muscles having
opposite actions in the same eye. For example,
medial and lateral recti, superior and inferior recti and
superior and inferior obliques are antagonists to each
other in the same eye.
3. Yoke muscles (contralateral synergists). It
refers to the pair of muscles (one from each eye)
which contract simultaneously during version
movements. For example, right lateral rectus and left
medial rectus act as yoke muscles for dextroversion
movements. Other pairs of yoke muscles are: right
MR and left LR, right LR and left MR
4
5. Hering’s law of equal innervation. According
to it an equal and simultaneous innervation flows
from the brain to a pair of muscles which contract
simultaneously (yoke muscles) in different
binocular Movements
Sherrington’s law of reciprocal innervation.
According to it, during ocular motility increased
flow of innervation to the contracting muscle is
accompanied by decreased flow of innervation to
the relaxing antagonist muscle. For example,
during dextroversion, an increased innervation
flow to the right LR and left MR is accompanied by
decreased flow to the right MR and left LR
muscles.
5
7. Hess chart construction
To perform this test, a black cloth 3 ft wide
by 31⁄2 ft long, marked out by a series of red
lines subtending between them an angle of
5°, is used.
At the zero point of this coordinate system
and at each of the points of intersection of
the 15° and 30° lines with one another and
with corresponding vertical and horizontal
lines, there is a red dot.
These dots form an inner square of 8 dots
and an outer square of 16 dots.
7
9. An indicator is provided consisting of three
short green cords knotted to form the letter Y.
The end of the vertical green cord is fastened
to a movable black rod 50 cm long.
The ends of the other two cords are kept taut
by black threads that pass through loops at
upper corners of screen to small weights at
corresponding upper corners of the screen.
This arrangement enables the patient to move
the indicator freely and smoothly over the
whole surface of the screen in all directions.
9
14. PRINCIPLE
Subjective assessment of deviation
Diplopia principle: One target,
dissociation achieved with different colour
glasses
Haploscopic principle: Two target, one
target pointed and patient has to
superimpose it with other
14
15. PREREQUISITES
Patient should have the following:
Full understanding about what he is
supposed to do, since the test is purely
subjective.
Good vision in both eyes.
Central fixation.
Normal retinal correspondence.
15
18. Method
Test is performed with each eye fixating in
turn.
It is done at 50 cms.
Patient wears red and green glasses.
Eye to be tested should have green glass in
front of it.
The chart has electronically operated board
with small red lights.
Patient is asked to place green light in each of
points on red light as illuminated.
Next the goggles are changed.
18
19. Interpretation
Compression of space between the two plotted
fixation points indicates underaction of a muscle
acting in that direction.
Expansion indicates overaction.
Smaller field belongs to eye with paretic muscle.
Unaffected eye shows larger field expressing the
overaction of the contralateral synergist.
Fields of similar shape and size seen in comitant
deviation, while dissimilar shape and size indicate
19
Limited adduction, elevation, and depression occurs in third nerve palsy. This is because of third nerve oculomotor nerve supplying inferior rectus, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique
Fourth nerve trochlear supplies superior oblique muscle which is involved in depression and abduction
Paralysis of lateral rectus muscle incomitant eso deviation involving abduction.