The document provides an overview of the phylum Echinodermata. It discusses their key features such as radial symmetry as adults with bilateral symmetry as larvae, a water vascular system, and external fertilization. Their body wall consists of an epidermis, dermis with endoskeleton plates, and muscles. Respiration occurs via various structures like gills, bursea, or tube feet. They lack excretory organs and waste diffuses out. The nervous system is simple with a nerve ring and radial nerve cords. Reproduction involves separate sexes and a larval stage between fertilization and becoming an adult.

1. ANIMAL KINGDOM
ECHINODERMATA

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4. Introduction, Other features, Body wall, Coelem,
Respiration, Excretion, Nervous system, Reproduction
Synopsis

5. Introduction

6. INTRODUCTION
◈ The name Echinodermata was given by Jabab Klein.
◈ All are marine except Synapta similis.
◈ Body shape is star like, cylindrical like, melon-like
disc-lime flower like.

7. Other features

8. OTHER FEATURES
◈ Body unsegmented with bilateral symmetry in larva
and radial pentamerous (arranged in five or multiple)
in adult.
◈ Echinoderms are triploblastic with organ - system
level of organisation.
◈ Echinoderms do not have head.
◈ Tube feet (podia) with comes out through radial area
i.e. Ambulacral used for locomotion.

9. OTHER FEATURES
◈ Few echinoderms (star fish) have
great power of regeneration.
◈ They brack of their arms for
defense purpose. This phenomenon
is known as Autonomy.
◈ Echinoderms in angry or
frightened state vomits out
viscera (internal organ). This
phenomenon is known as
Evisceration.

10. Body wall

11. BODY WALL
◈ Epidermis : Single layered & ciliated.
◈ Dermis - Below the epidermis thick dermis having
mesodermal endo skeleton of calcareous plate
(Ossicles). It has spines.
◈ Muscles - Smooth and lie below dermis. Minute
pincherlike structure pedicellariae comes out through
skin. They keep body surface clear of debris by
opening & closing.
◈ Echinoderms have true coelom lined by ciliated
mesothelium. Enterocoeleus contains fluids with free
amoeboid cells called coelomocytes.

12. Coelem

13. COELEM
◈ Coelom is divided into many tubes and sinuses , which
together form 3 systems.
◈ A unique water filled ambulacral or water vascular
system with tube feet to help in locomotion.
◈ A perforated plate madreporite permits entry of
water into ambulacra system which also helps in food
and gas transport system. Structures like Pollian
vesicle, Tiedemann body or recompose, stone canal are
also found in water vascular system.
◈ Haemal system.
◈ Perihaemal system.

15. Respiration

16. RESPIRATION
◈ Respiration takes
place by gills called
dermal branchiae or
pappulae in most
Echinoderms like
Starfish.

17. RESPIRATION
◈ By genital bursea in Brittle star

18. RESPIRATION
◈ By cloacal respiratory trees in Sea Cucumber

19. RESPIRATION
◈ By Peristomial gills in Sea urchin

20. RESPIRATION
◈ By tube feet in few echinoderms.

21. Excretion

22. EXCRETION
◈ There is not excretory organ system.
◈ Nitrogenous waste (ammonia) diffuses out via gills
bursea, respiratory trees and tube feet.
◈ Amoeboid cells in coelomic fluid also perform
excretory function by absorbing excretory mater.

23. Nervous system

24. NERVOUS SYSTEM
◈ Nervous system is simple and
primitive type includes a
Nerve ring and radial nerve
cord with simple sense
organ.(No brain)

25. Reproduction

26. REPRODUCTION
◈ Echinoderms have separate sexes.
◈ Fertilization is external (no copulation).
◈ Life history includes ciliated, bilaterally symmetrical
larva that undergoes metamorphosis and change into a
adult (Deuterostome).

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