Here are 4 discussion posts made by students needing responses. Must be APA format, 12 pt font, intext citations, 1 legitimate, verifiable source per response, responses must be 150+ words answered thoroughly. I need at least one done every night by 10pm, first one due by tomorrow, Wendesday November 20 ,2019 @ 10 pm and so on until the last one Sunday @ 10 pm. Use course material for references. Post#1 Ronday Wilson Framing is the second step in the Modified Decision Quality (MDQ) model. It is the first link in the decision chain as it sets the foundation for what needs to be decided. “Framing a decision is finding the right subject to focus on” (Nicole & Roger, 2019). Needless to say, it is crucial to get the frame right as all decisions will be based on the frame. Framing consists of three parts: purpose, scope & perspective. The purpose is the goal of the decision. The purpose ought to contain the objectives too. The objectives are not the solutions to the problem but are the people or things that the decisions will affect. For instance, in the case of PPO, an objective could be the factories. The decision will affect them. The scope is the inventory of information that is necessary and the exclusion of information that is not. Perspective is the point of view of the person that is making the decision. Collectively they set the stage (or frame) of the decision. One bias that comes to mind is framing bias. This occurs with someone makes a decision based on how the information was presented to them. “Framing bias refers to the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way that a situation or problem is presented” (Faulty Decision Making, n.d., para. 5). As the first link in the decision chain all decision makers must be aware of this bias. By accepting this bias one allows their perfective to be tainted by the person who is framing it. “Our decisions stop being objective when our emotions and biases begin to interfere with our evaluations” (DeMers, 2015, para. 4). Additionally, there are decision traps. A common decision trap would be to be aware of how perspective of others as they would want you to see the situation based on how they framed it. “Sometimes others provide a frame that leads you to see things from their perspective” (Nicole & Roger, 2019). While making decisions, it is important to keep an objective view so that the decision is not affected by either any biases or and decision traps. Considering the following decision statement: “In responding to CAPO’s attacks, how will PPO keep their customers and continue to make money,” I would say that the purpose would be maintain their current clientele and revenue though they are faced with a problem that will reduce their production of palm oil. The scope would include, the aging factories, the to replant and the protests from CAPO while the scope would exclude the government certificate (they don’t have the money for it). The perspective would be from the point of v ...

1. Here are 4 discussion posts made by students needing responses.
Must be APA format, 12 pt font, intext citations, 1 legitimate,
verifiable source per response, responses must be 150+ words
answered thoroughly. I need at least one done every night by
10pm, first one due by tomorrow, Wendesday November 20
,2019 @ 10 pm and so on until the last one Sunday @ 10 pm.
Use course material for references.
Post#1
Ronday Wilson
Framing is the second step in the Modified Decision Quality
(MDQ) model. It is the first link in the decision chain as it sets
the foundation for what needs to be decided. “Framing a
decision is finding the right subject to focus on” (Nicole &
Roger, 2019). Needless to say, it is crucial to get the frame
right as all decisions will be based on the frame. Framing
consists of three parts: purpose, scope & perspective. The
purpose is the goal of the decision. The purpose ought to
contain the objectives too. The objectives are not the solutions
to the problem but are the people or things that the decisions
will affect. For instance, in the case of PPO, an objective could
be the factories. The decision will affect them. The scope is the
inventory of information that is necessary and the exclusion of
information that is not. Perspective is the point of view of the
person that is making the decision. Collectively they set the
stage (or frame) of the decision.
One bias that comes to mind is framing bias. This occurs with
someone makes a decision based on how the information was
presented to them. “Framing bias refers to the tendency of
decision makers to be influenced by the way that a situation or
problem is presented” (Faulty Decision Making, n.d., para. 5).
As the first link in the decision chain all decision makers must

2. be aware of this bias. By accepting this bias one allows their
perfective to be tainted by the person who is framing it. “Our
decisions stop being objective when our emotions and biases
begin to interfere with our evaluations” (DeMers, 2015, para.
4). Additionally, there are decision traps. A common decision
trap would be to be aware of how perspective of others as they
would want you to see the situation based on how they framed
it. “Sometimes others provide a frame that leads you to see
things from their perspective” (Nicole & Roger, 2019). While
making decisions, it is important to keep an objective view so
that the decision is not affected by either any biases or and
decision traps.
Considering the following decision statement: “In responding to
CAPO’s attacks, how will PPO keep their customers and
continue to make money,” I would say that the purpose would
be maintain their current clientele and revenue though they are
faced with a problem that will reduce their production of palm
oil. The scope would include, the aging factories, the to replant
and the protests from CAPO while the scope would exclude the
government certificate (they don’t have the money for it). The
perspective would be from the point of view of someone who
understands that they have to walk a tightrope. They need to
appease CAPO yet find a way to continue making money.
Reference
DeMers, J. (2015, April 28). 7 Strategies for Making Objective
Decisions. Retrieved from https://www.inc.com/jayson-
demers/7-strategies-for-making-objective-decisions.html
Faulty Decision Making (n.d.). Retrieved October 29, 2019,
from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_organizational-
behavior-v1.1/s15-03-faulty-decision-making.html.
Nicole & Roger. [Decision Education Foundation] (2019, May

3. 24). Episode 6 It's Your Choice: Look at it This Way (IYC).
[Video file]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnzwz3ZwiC4
Post#2
Donovan Sanchez
There are three components to “Framing the Decision”, that
include the purpose, scope, and perspective. The first
component is the scope which is used to define what you want
to achieve by making a decision. The second part of the framing
process is the scope. The scope should define needs to included
and excluded in the decision. The final part of framing the
decision is the perspective which is basically your point of
view. Roger explains the framing process well in Episode 9
when he states;
"The three main components of a decision frame are purpose,
perspective and scope. Perspective is where you stand in
relation to a decision. Your perspective affects your ability to
predict what might happen as a result of your decision. Scope
identifies the appropriate size and boundaries of a decision”
(Decision Education Foundation, 2019. P.4, para. 4).
There are biases and traps that should be avoided while framing
a decision. Anchoring is a bias and trap that should be avoided.
In practice what usually happens when you have a perspective
that’s too narrow or not flexible is you get stuck on one point of
view and don't consider other ways of thinking about a problem
and then this can lead to missing important information and
alternatives (Decision Education Foundation, 2019 p.1, para. 3).
Reference:
Decision Education Foundation. (2019, May 24). It's your
choice episode 6.
Retrieved from https://www.decisioneducation.org/its-your-
choice-episode-6

4. Decision Education Foundation. (2019, May 24). It's your
choice episode 9.
Retrieved from https://www.decisioneducation.org/its-your-
choice-episode-9
Post#3
Joseph Gilbert
Explain what “Framing the Decision” means in terms of the
three components. You do this by addressing, discussing and
supporting each of the terms - purpose, scope, and perspective
(MDQ model). Discuss the biases and traps that must be
avoided in Framing the Decision.
Framing a decision is choosing the subject to focus on and why
they are making a decision. (Decision Education Foundation,
n.d.). In this case, CAPO is attacking PPO which could drive
away customers. PPO’s customers want to purchase from
sustainably sourced palm oil companies. The objective of PPO
is to give the customers what they want, but to do so, they need
to switch to sustainable palm oil to eliminate the threats of
CAPO. The scope is to identify what decisions are applicable to
the problem and places them in a timeline. (Decision Education
Foundation, n.d.).
Explain the meaning and purpose in using objectives in the
MDQ model. Discuss the specific biases and traps that must be
avoided.
The objective in the MDQ is to identify the desired outcome.
One trap is a thrown frame trap which leads people to see from
the perspectives they want them to see. Then people adopt the
desired perspective of the framer (Decision Education
Foundation, n.d.). Another trap is the sunk cost trap. This is
where people feel like they have to use the products they
already have because they feel like they will be wasting money
or time. (Decision Education Foundation, n.d.). A good way to
avoid it is to look at the future benefits.

5. References
Decision Education Foundation. (n.d.). It's Your Choice Episode
- Frame and Perspective. Retrieved from
https://www.decisioneducation.org/its-your-choice-episode-6
Decision Education Foundation. (n.d.). It's Your Choice -
Purpose Scope and Sunk Cost. Retrieved from
https://www.decisioneducation.org/its-your-choice-episode-8
Post#4
Framing the decision is the second step in the MDQ model. The
three components of this step are purpose, scope and
perspective. Purpose is clarifying what the decision is all about
(Decision, 2019-8, pg. 1); scope is what aspects of the decision
are in and what is out (Decision, 2019-7, pg. 1, pa. 1); and
perspective is how we see or view the decision (Decision, 2019-
8, pg. 4).
Bias and traps can distort your way of thinking about the
decision. We may look at it different than the next person, but
at the same time, they may also provide a frame that focuses on
their decision but try to convince you to see it their way. You
may fall into this trap called thrown frame. This is their frame
they are trying to get you to agree to it. Anchoring Is another
trap, you have a narrow way of thinking, you could not look at
others because you are so focused on that one way (Decision,
2019-6).
In responding to CAPO’s attacks, how will PPO keep their
customers and continue to make money?
Objectives in this step of the model is the motivation for
making the decision. In this case, the motivation is because of
CAPO’s targeting, PPO must make some changes in order to
retain customers and stay profitable. The purpose would be
clarifying the decision. Making it clear that the decision is
based upon the CAPO attack, which in turn means PPO has to
keep customers and make money. Scope is looking at all the
details of the case study and deciding what is important to
include in the decision and what can be excluded. Perspective

6. is the lastcomponent. Thinking of all the stakeholders of the
decision and making sure the choice is the right one.
References:
Decision Education Foundation. (2019-6, May 24). It's your
choice episode 6. Retrieved
from https://www.decisioneducation.org/its-your-choice-
episode-6
Decision Education Foundation. (2019-7, May 24). It's your
choice episode 7.
Retrieved from https://www.decisioneducation.org/its-your-
choice-episode-7
Decision Education Foundation. (2019-8, May 24). It's your
choice episode 8.
Retrieved from https://www.decisioneducation.org/its-your-
choice-episode-8
Decision Education Foundation. (2019-9, May 24). It's your
choice episode 9.
Retrieved from https://www.decisioneducation.org/its-your-
choice-episode-9