https://iexaminer.org/fake-news-personal-responsibility-must-trump-intellectual-laziness/ Fake news: Personal responsibility must trump intellectual laziness By Matt Chan January 4, 2017 Where do you get your news? That question has become incredibly important given the results of our Presidential Election. How many times have you heard, “I read a news story on Facebook and …” The problem: Facebook is not a news service; it’s a “social media” site whose purpose is to connect like-minded friends and family, to provide you with social connections, and online entertainment. For Asian Americans social media provides an important and useful way of connecting socially and in some cases politically, but there is a downside. The downside is how social media actually works. These sites employ elaborate algorithms to track and analyze your posts, likes, and dislikes to provide you with a custom experience unique to you. The truth is you are being marketed to, not informed. What looks like news, is not really news, it’s personal validation. All in an attempt to keep you on the site longer, to click a few more things, to make you feel good about what you’re reading. It makes it seem like most people agree with you because you’re only fed information and stories that validate your worldview. On the other hand, real news is hard work. Its fact-based information presented by people who have checked, researched, and documented what they are presenting as the truth. Real news can be verified. “Fake News” is, well, fake, often times entirely made-up or containing a hint of truth. Social media was largely responsible for pushing “fake news” stories that were entirely made up to drive clicks on websites. These clicks in turn generated money for the people promoting the stories. The more outrageous the story, the more clicks, the more revenue. When you factor in the algorithms that feed you what you like, you can clearly see the more “fake news” you consume on social media, the more is pushed your way. There’s an abundance of pseudo news sites that merely re-post and curate existing stories, adding their bias to validate their audience’s beliefs, no matter how crazy or mainstream. It is curated solely for you. Now factor in that nearly 44% of Americans obtain some or most of their news from social media and you have a very toxic mix. The mainstream news media has also fallen into this validation trap. You have one news network that solely reflects the right wing, others that take the view of the left-center leaning, and what is lost are the facts and context, the balance we need to evaluate, learn, and understand the world. People seeking fact-based journalism lose, because the more extreme the media becomes to entice consumers with provocative headlines and click-bait to earn more money, the less their news is fact-based and becomes more opinion driven. There was a time when fact-based reporting was required of broadcast news. It was called “The Fairness Doctrin ...

1. https://iexaminer.org/fake-news-personal-responsibility-must-
trump-intellectual-laziness/
Fake news: Personal responsibility must trump intellectual
laziness
By Matt Chan January 4, 2017
Where do you get your news? That question has become
incredibly important given the results of our Presidential
Election. How many times have you heard, “I read a news story
on Facebook and …” The problem: Facebook is not a news
service; it’s a “social media” site whose purpose is to connect
like-minded friends and family, to provide you with social
connections, and online entertainment.
For Asian Americans social media provides an important and
useful way of connecting socially and in some cases politically,
but there is a downside. The downside is how social media
actually works. These sites employ elaborate algorithms to track
and analyze your posts, likes, and dislikes to provide you with a
custom experience unique to you. The truth is you are being
marketed to, not informed. What looks like news, is not really
news, it’s personal validation. All in an attempt to keep you on
the site longer, to click a few more things, to make you feel
good about what you’re reading. It makes it seem like most
people agree with you because you’re only fed information and
stories that validate your worldview.
On the other hand, real news is hard work. Its fact-based
information presented by people who have checked, researched,
and documented what they are presenting as the truth. Real
news can be verified.
“Fake News” is, well, fake, often times entirely made-up or
containing a hint of truth. Social media was largely responsible
for pushing “fake news” stories that were entirely made up to
drive clicks on websites. These clicks in turn generated money
for the people promoting the stories. The more outrageous the
story, the more clicks, the more revenue. When you factor in the

2. algorithms that feed you what you like, you can clearly see the
more “fake news” you consume on social media, the more is
pushed your way. There’s an abundance of pseudo news sites
that merely re-post and curate existing stories, adding their bias
to validate their audience’s beliefs, no matter how crazy or
mainstream. It is curated solely for you. Now factor in that
nearly 44% of Americans obtain some or most of their news
from social media and you have a very toxic mix.
The mainstream news media has also fallen into this validation
trap. You have one news network that solely reflects the right
wing, others that take the view of the left-center leaning, and
what is lost are the facts and context, the balance we need to
evaluate, learn, and understand the world. People seeking fact-
based journalism lose, because the more extreme the media
becomes to entice consumers with provocative headlines and
click-bait to earn more money, the less their news is fact-based
and becomes more opinion driven.
There was a time when fact-based reporting was required of
broadcast news. It was called “The Fairness Doctrine,” a
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) policy introduced
in 1949 that required holders of broadcast licenses (TV and
radio stations) to present controversial issues of public
importance in an honest, equitable, and balanced manner. The
doctrine had two basic elements: It required broadcasters to
present these issues and provide contrasting views, the very
definition of fair and balanced reporting. But in 1987, the FCC,
under President Ronald Reagan, eliminated the Fairness
Doctrine, an event that some feel was a contributing factor for
the rise of political party polarization in the United States and
led us to where we are today in the mainstream media.
So what does this intersection of social media and news mean
for you? It means that it’s now a matter of personal
responsibility to make sure you’re not consuming “fake news”
or propagating misleading information without vetting the facts
of the stories you consume. It is your job to become more media
literate. To make sure what you are reading, watching, and

3. sharing is true and fact based. To know when you are being
informed or marketed to. To question the origin of “news”
stories that show up on your wall. To seek out credible fact-
based reporting that strives to tell the truth that is so important
to a democratic society. To not do this is the ultimate in
intellectual laziness.
We all need to support journalistic efforts that reflects what is
important to the communities we value and are part of. There is
a strong fact-based journalism community in Seattle, news
sources that cover Seattle’s issues, with diverse voices like
the International Examiner, Crosscut, Seattle Globalist, and
the South Seattle Emerald, which are all excellent examples of
community-based journalism. We’ve seen where commercial
news and social media has taken us when the main goal is to
make money; it’s a world we will have to live in for the next
four years. Real fact-based citizen journalism can and needs to
flourish in the age of Trump.
https://iexaminer.org/fake
-
news
-
personal
-
responsibility
-
must
-
trump
-
intellectual
-
laziness/
Fake news: Personal responsibility must trump intellectual

4. laziness
By
Matt Chan
January 4, 2017
Where do you get your news? That question has become incre
dibly
important given the results of our Presidential Election. How
many
times have you heard, “I read a news story on Facebook and …”
The
problem: Facebook is not a news service; it’s a “social media”
site
whose purpose is to connect like
-
minded friends a
nd family, to provide
you with social connections, and online entertainment
.
For Asian Americans social media provides an important and
useful
way of connecting socially and in some cases politically, but
there is a
downside. The downside is how social med
ia actually works. These
sites employ elaborate algorithms to track and analyze your
posts,
likes, and dislikes to provide you with a custom experience
unique to
you. The truth is you are being marketed to, not informed. What
looks
like news, is not really

5. news, it’s personal validation. All in an attempt
to keep you on the site longer, to click a few more things, to
make you
feel good about what you’re reading. It makes it seem like most
people
agree with you because you’re only fed information and stories
that
validate your worldview
.
On the other hand, real news is hard work. Its fact
-
based information
presented by people who have checked, researched, and
documented
what they are presenting as the truth. Real news can be verified
.
“Fake News” is, well, fa
ke, often times entirely made
-
up or containing
a hint of truth. Social media was largely responsible for pushing
“fake
news” stories that were entirely made up to drive clicks on
websites.
These clicks in turn generated money for the people promoting
the
s
tories. The more outrageous the story, the more clicks, the more
revenue. When you factor in the algorithms that feed you what
you
like, you can clearly see the more “fake news” you consume on
social

6. https://iexaminer.org/fake-news-personal-responsibility-must-
trump-intellectual-laziness/
Fake news: Personal responsibility must trump intellectual
laziness
By Matt Chan January 4, 2017
Where do you get your news? That question has become
incredibly
important given the results of our Presidential Election. How
many
times have you heard, “I read a news story on Facebook and …”
The
problem: Facebook is not a news service; it’s a “social media”
site
whose purpose is to connect like-minded friends and family, to
provide
you with social connections, and online entertainment.
For Asian Americans social media provides an important and
useful
way of connecting socially and in some cases politically, but
there is a
downside. The downside is how social media actually works.
These
sites employ elaborate algorithms to track and analyze your
posts,
likes, and dislikes to provide you with a custom experience
unique to
you. The truth is you are being marketed to, not informed. What
looks
like news, is not really news, it’s personal validation. All in an
attempt
to keep you on the site longer, to click a few more things, to
make you
feel good about what you’re reading. It makes it seem like most
people
agree with you because you’re only fed information and stories
that

7. validate your worldview.
On the other hand, real news is hard work. Its fact-based
information
presented by people who have checked, researched, and
documented
what they are presenting as the truth. Real news can be verified.
“Fake News” is, well, fake, often times entirely made-up or
containing
a hint of truth. Social media was largely responsible for pushing
“fake
news” stories that were entirely made up to drive clicks on
websites.
These clicks in turn generated money for the people promoting
the
stories. The more outrageous the story, the more clicks, the
more
revenue. When you factor in the algorithms that feed you what
you
like, you can clearly see the more “fake news” you consume on
social
Instructions:
1. This Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD
format only) via the allocated folder.
1. Email submission will not be accepted.
1. You are advised to make your work clear and well-presented;
marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes
filling your information on the cover page.
1. Assignment will be evaluated through BB Safe Assign tool.
1. Late submission will result in ZERO marks being awarded.
1. The work should be your own, copying from students or other
resources will result in ZERO marks.
1. Use Times New Roman font 12 for all your answers.
Assignment Questions

8. Q1. Suppose Abdulrahman Plan to borrow a loan of SAR
120,000 now and will repay it in 10 equal annual installments.
If the bank charges 10% interest, What will be the amount of
the annual installment?
(1 Mark)
Ans:
Q1. Briefly discuss the Time Value of Money concept?
(1 Mark)
Ans:
Q3. Ahmed has been offered a 10-year bond issued by Homer,
Inc., at a price of $800. The bond has a coupon rate of 7 percent
and pays the coupon semiannually. Similar bonds in the market
will yield 10 percent today.
(2 Marks)
1. What should be the price of this bond?
1. Should Ahmed buy the bonds at the offered price?
Ans:
Q4. Suppose a 3 year bond with a 6% coupon rate that was
purchased for $760 and had a promised yield of 8%. Suppose
that interest rates increased and the price of the bond declined.
Displeased, you sold the bond for 798.8 after having owned it
for 1 year. What should be the realized yield ?
(1 Mark)
Ans:
An Account of an Argument
This paper asks you to identify an argument’s claim and reason.
You will also need to explain the general context for the
argument, the author’s purpose and audience and how you have
been able to determine the context/audience/purpose based on

9. clues from inside and outside of the text. It also asks you to
describe the author’s (4) supporting evidence and (5) overall
structure, and finally, evaluate the argument in terms of its
purpose and audience.
Successful essays will include:1. Please reading the sample
paper essay first.
2. An introductory section that provides all the information the
audience will need to understand your argument. This includes
the topic of the writing project and your argument claim and
reason about the author’s use of evidence and organization.
3. A statement of the claim/reason of “Fake news: Personal
responsibility must trump intellectual laziness”
4. A discussion of the general context, author’s purpose and
author’s audience, supported by evidence from inside or outside
of the text
5. A description and evaluation of supporting evidence.
A. Do you find facts and evidence in the argument? Direct
observation? Statistics? Interviews? Surveys? Primary sources
such as eyewitness accounts? Secondary sources such as
published research? Quotations from authorities? Hypothetical
situations? Analogy? Allusion? Personal Experience?
6. A description and evaluation of the organizing structure. To
evaluate the article’s structure, you may want to ask yourself
these questions:
A. Is the information presented in a logical order? Does the
author use chronological order, cause/effect, problem/solution,
general to specific, or other ways of organizing information? Do
those structures help make the argument more persuasive?

10. 7. A conclusion that clarifies whether you believe the Matt
Chan has written an effective argument based on the evidence
and organization they chose to convince the audience of their
purpose.
8. A “Works Cited” or “Reference” page.
An Account of an Argument
This paper asks you to
identify
an argument’s claim and reason. You will also need to
explain
the general context for the argument, the author’s purpose and
audience and how you have been able to
determine the context/audience/purpose based on clues from
inside and outside of the text. It also asks
you to
describe
the author’s (4) supporting evide
nce and (5) overall structure, and finally,
evaluate
the
argument in terms of its
purpose and audience.
Successful essays will include:

11. 1.
Please re
ading the sample paper essay first.
2.
An introductory section that provides all the information the
audience will
need
to understand
your argument. This incl
udes the topic of the writing project and
your
argument claim and
reason about the author’s use of evidence and
organization.
3.
A statement of the claim/reason of
“
Fake news: Personal responsibility must trump intellectual
laziness”
4.
A discussion of the gen
eral context, author’s purpose
and
author’s audience, supported by

12. evidence from inside
or
outside of the
text
5.
A description and evaluation of supporting
evidence.
A.
Do you find facts and evidence in the argument? Direct
observation? Statistics?
Interviews?
Surveys?
Primary
sources
such
as
eyewitness
accounts?
Secondary

13. sources
such as published research? Quotations from authorities?
Hypothetical situations?
Analogy? Allusion? Personal
Experience?
6.
A description and evaluation of the
organizing structure
. To evaluate the article’s structure, you
may want to ask yourself these
questions:
A.
Is
the information presented in a logical order? Does the author
use chronological order,
cause/effect, problem/so
lution, general to specific,
or
other ways of organizing
information?
Do
those structures
help
make the argument more
persuasive?

14. 7.
A conclusion that clarifies whether you believe the
Matt Chan
has
written an effective
argument based on the evidence and
organization they chose to convince the audience of their
purpose.
8.
A “Works Cited”
or
“Reference”
page.
An Account of an Argument
This paper asks you to identify an argument’s claim and reason.
You will also need to explain
the general context for the argument, the author’s purpose and
audience and how you have been able to
determine the context/audience/purpose based on clues from
inside and outside of the text. It also asks
you to describe the author’s (4) supporting evidence and (5)
overall structure, and finally, evaluate the
argument in terms of its purpose and audience.
Successful essays will include:

15. 1. Please reading the sample paper essay first.
2. An introductory section that provides all the information the
audience will need to understand
your argument. This includes the topic of the writing project
and your argument claim and
reason about the author’s use of evidence and organization.
3. A statement of the claim/reason of “Fake news: Personal
responsibility must trump intellectual
laziness”
4. A discussion of the general context, author’s purpose and
author’s audience, supported by
evidence from inside or outside of the text
5. A description and evaluation of supporting evidence.
A. Do you find facts and evidence in the argument? Direct
observation? Statistics?
Interviews? Surveys? Primary sources such as eyewitness
accounts? Secondary sources
such as published research? Quotations from authorities?
Hypothetical situations?
Analogy? Allusion? Personal Experience?
6. A description and evaluation of the organizing structure. To
evaluate the article’s structure, you
may want to ask yourself these questions:
A. Is the information presented in a logical order? Does the
author use chronological order,
cause/effect, problem/solution, general to specific, or other
ways of organizing
information? Do those structures help make the argument more

16. persuasive?
7. A conclusion that clarifies whether you believe the Matt
Chan has written an effective
argument based on the evidence and organization they chose to
convince the audience of their
purpose.
8. A “Works Cited” or “Reference” page.