Parental Decision-Making Essay Example

Parental Decision-Making Essay example
Introduction According to the Guttmacher Report on Public Policy, current laws in the United States of America indicate that minors under the age of
eighteen, unless medically emancipated, must have the medical consent of their parent or parents before any health care decision can be made
(Boonstra & Nash, 2000). These laws do not include health sensitive medical care like prescriptions for contraception, abortion of fetus, pregnancy
care or drug addiction rehabilitation. Pediatric nurses are in a unique position that serves as the facilitator of patient care and patient care
decision–making between the pediatric patient and the patient's parents. In this position, pediatric nurses become immersed in the concept of
family–centered care,...show more content...
Medical autonomy can be defined as the right to self–determination of decisions that will affect one's health (Cummings & Mecurio, 2011). Respect for
autonomy in the health care atmosphere applies to all competent adults who have the ability to understand informed consent and communicate choice.
Current laws place the authority in the hands of the parents to be surrogate decision–makers for the pediatric patient's health care treatment plan. The
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) defines pediatric assent as the inclusion of the child's preference when making these decisions (Cummings &
Mecurio, 2011). The AAP recognizes the child's developing ability to understand medical diagnoses and give preference to potential treatments, but
ultimately, decisions about their care still lie solely with the parents. Health care decisions should always include the ethical principle of beneficence,
which is the moral obligation to do good for others, and to act in a way that serves the person's best interests (Stringer, 2013). Best interests are actions
which prevent harm and suffering, protect dignity, and promote well–being and quality of life. There are occasions when parents make a surrogate
decision for their child that the health care team does not feel is in the best interest of the child. This presents a major ethical dilemma for the health
care team. An example of when this situation is likely to occur, and therefore the focus of this paper, is when
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Economic Decision Making Essay example
Individuals make economic decision based on a variety of reasons. The rational is based on each individual's need or desire for a commodity. People go
through several decision–making processes before making the final decision and are often not conscious of the process. Obviously, decision– making
covers a wide area, involving virtually the whole of human action. Often people are not conscious of the process.
The four principles of individual decision– making suggest that people face trade off. People have to give up a thing to acquire some other thing. This
includes money, time, resources, and energy. The cost of something is what a person is willing to give up to obtain it. Therefore, the need is to find an
alternative and then...show more content...
The decision is then based on whether the benefits exceed the cost. Incentives whether they are positive or negative are a part of the decision–making
process. Incentives are motivators that cause change. The cost of tomatoes, for instance, the price of tomatoes rose to $2.79 per pound. The effect
was that people purchased fewer tomatoes and thus, people look for an alternative product or just did not purchase them. As a result of this, the price
of tomatoes increased even more because people were purchasing fewer tomatoes. From the producers' side, the product was going to waste and profits
were declining. The marginal cost was affected, causing them, the producer to lower the cost to obtain a higher marginal benefit. In using this example,
two types of incentives could have led to making a different decision.
1.Financial incentives such as a product coupon, a store discount, or a sale.
2.Moral incentives such as a special meal for a special occasion that called for the need to use tomatoes in the favorite dish for a loved one. The
principles of economics affect all aspects of life to involving consumers, companies, and government's interaction with each other. It uses equations,
formulas, theories and details to analyze the decision– making process, and it generates awareness. Trade can allow a person to concentrate in his or her
area of expertise. When trading those goods or services with others, a gateway to other products or

Essay on Decision Making
Decision making can be described as a process of making a decision or decisions, based on choices made amongst two or more competing course of
actions. The 'Decision making' also requires making a define choice between two or more alternatives course of actions that are available. In every
decision making, there is said to be a positive and negative outcome as future consequence(s). The importance of decision making in individual daily
life and in organization level was demonstrated by two scientists, Arkes and Hammond (1992), in 'Judgment and Decision making' indentified the four
types of information which decision maker requires constructing a decision tree. 1.What are the available courses of action(s)? 2.What are the...show
more content...
Psychologist Herbert Simon further established and categorized decisions into two categories; Programmed Decisions and Non–Programmed Decision.
Programmed decisions are type of decisions which are routine and repetitive, of which are within the frame work of organization policies and rules.
Such polices rules are established in advance to solve a re– occurring problems within the organization. Such programmed decisions are usually taken
at lower management level and tends to have a short–run impact on organization. In contrast, the Non– Programmed decisions which are type of
decisions which are non–routine and deployed to resolve non–routine problems, they are relevant in solving unique and unusual problems that arises, of
which the alternatives cannot be decided in advance. Non–Programmed decisions are usually of high importance and significance with long–term
consequences on organizations, such decisions are decided at the top management level. A model of decision making known as the Rational Decision
Making Model arises from organization behavior. This includes working through series of five stages path from problem identification and to the
solutions. 1.Define the problem. 2.Identify the decision criteria. 3.Compare each option against pre–determined criteria. 4.Select the best option
5.Implement the best chosen option. The Rational Decision Making Model

Decision Making Models Essay example
Rational Decision–Making Model
Most individuals are faced with situations that necessitate excellent decision–making abilities. Determining the suitable course of action to take when
faced with a difficult dilemma can be a challenge. Due to the importance of the decision–making process, decision–making models can be used to
establish a systematic means of developing effective decision making. One of the models has been called the "rational model" of decision
making (Stoner & Freeman, 1989). The steps laid forth below are listed as the seven steps of the rational model.
The first step of the rational decision–making model is to define the problem, the need, or the opportunity. Although this may seem either petty or
apparent,...show more content...
This can happen because the technology decision is dictated from a higher organizational level or because the new technology is perceived as the latest
"thing" being used by "everyone." It is at this point in the process that technological gatekeepers become valuable. Information
must be gathered from vendors and other users, at trade shows and from the trade and more academic publications. If you do not fully explore and
become aware of your options, you cannot make an optimal decision.
After having clearly defined the problem, need, or opportunity and then gathering and exploring all of the relevant information and alternatives, you
must then evaluate the information and the alternatives and anticipate the consequences of the various options open to you. It is very helpful at this
point to establish objective criteria against which to compare the alternatives. This is also the point at which you need to establish the operational
criteria against which you will measure the success or failure of the choice once implemented.
The fourth step is to select the best solution based on the evaluation and analyses conducted in step 3. Once the first three steps have been completed,
this step should be relatively straight–forward. These four steps form the core of the rational decision–making method.
The last three steps are implement the chosen

Decision Making
Ques: What are the reason why two perfect individual are never two perfect couples. with the 7 decision making process solve the problem. The 7
decision making processes are: 1. Define the problem
2. Identify limiting factors
3. Develop potential alternatives
4. Analyze the alternatives
5. Select the best alternatives
6. Implement the decision
7. Establish a control and evaluation system
Introduction
A perfect marriage may be an illusion although the people involve may be perfect individual in their own right. This situation may arise because the
two may be considered as two different captains who have now come together to pilot a ship. Each comes on board with their own ideology and
conceptions; as such differences are...show more content...
The willingness on the part of both parties to accept that there is a problem c.
If the parties do not consent to arriving at a solution no head way will be made in resolving the issue.
Develop potential alternatives
The next step requires that the woman considers the potential alternatives available to her in resolving the problem. Options available may be varied.
They may include:
1. Courage to bring to the notice of the husband her feelings
2. Discuss the problem with a friend of the husband
3. Bring the problem to the notice of the senior minister of the gospel whom the husband respects so much.

4. Make the parents of the husband aware of the situation
5. Seek the help of a professional counselor
Analyze the alternatives
A good analysis of the alternatives or option available has a corresponding result in arriving at a solution. The aim is to find answers to the problem.
The problem at hand for example involves two different individual. To select the best way to resolve the issue, it is important the wife acknowledges
the nature of the husband. How well will he respond it a third party is brought in to help resolve the problem? For instance, if the man has develop an
attitude of ignoring in woman in the house, approaching him to talk about the issue will not be the best solution. However if he is the type that show
regardless of his arrogant nature shows respect to the elderly then consulting a senior

My Life-Changing Decision Essay
MY LIFE CHANGING DECISION ROSS BROWN ENGL 1301–270 SUSAN ROBBINS 4/2/2013 It was the beginning of spring about two years
ago– a wet and gloomy day. I was thirty two years old, strung out on meth and homeless. Headed back to prison for the third time, I was faced with
a life changing decision, "do I turn myself in" or "do I keep running and take my chances". It was a decision that would affect the ones I love the most,
my children. As I sat in the woods behind a run down, drug infested motel, I closed my eyes and all I could see were the tears in my kids eyes every
time they came to see me in prison. The ones that depended on me for love and security, were now sad and scared...show more content...
They gave me three meals a day and a hard mat to sleep on. They provided transportation and the opportunity to become stable, if you wanted it. I
wanted it bad! It would require a lot of effort and determination to make it through the system successfully. Not many ex felons make it. They
looked at me as another statistic when I first arrived. You only have a certain amount of time to get a job and start your recovery. I struggled,
nobody wanted to hire a recovering ex con. I was starting to think I was not going to make it. I was at the end of the dead line, they were wanting
go ahead and send me back to prison. On the very last day the phone rang, it was Bill Orr with Gym Bleacher Boards. He asked me to come in right
away for an interview. I had to get permission from the job coordinator in order for that to happen. He was not wanting to give me this last chance
at getting a job. Then out of nowhere my case worker, Ms. Woodson, showed up and said " just give him this one last chance before you send him
back". When I arrived at Gym Bleacher Boards, I was nervous and had mixed emotions about everything. As I sat there waiting on my interview
with Bill, I said a little prayer to myself, " Lord, please let me get this job, not for me, but for my children". Bill came out of his office and called me in
and I was up front about everything. By the time the interview was over, we were talking as if we had known each other for years. Then he

Essay on Decision Making
Decision–making models, or the path that one would choose in his or her decision–making, is heavily relied on the information one has received. By
having all the correct information available, decision–making becomes an easier task. The model in which one would base his or her decision–making
upon can be analyzed into six different factors: the problem at hand, the goals that want to be reached, alternatives, pros and cons, decision(s), and
reason(s) behind the decision(s). According to Richard W. Scholl (1999), there are three components of every decision. The standards in which
decision makers assess alternatives, or the criteria. The specific courses of action or options being considered are the alternatives. The cause and effect
...show more content...
Approximating the possibility of each outcome prepares the decision maker to assess and evaluate alternatives. The next step in the decision–making
process is choosing the alternative that the decision maker considers most effective, that is, the one who allows the opportunity to solve the problem
and accomplish all necessary objectives. This choice can be hard even when results have been evaluated based on comparable criteria. Once a decision
has been made to choose an alternative solution, that decision must be implemented. The decision maker will have considered all imaginable problems
that may be connected with the implementation of the solution. However, the decision–making process does not end when the decision is
implemented. The decision maker must evaluate the decision to the extent to which the solution achieved the necessary objectives. In professional
decisions that I have made in my workplace, I tend to lean more toward the pros and cons, or the cause and effect principles. Recently, I was asked
to research a new networking and accounting system for the company, and to choose the best one, as we would be implementing the network into
our company. As I researched, I took note of the pros and cons as they came up. The new network was certainly going to streamline our everyday
work process as well as alleviate any double entry, which would also reduce errors

Decision Essay
Decision
Everything you do is a choice. You choose the way you are living today. As we walk on the path of life, we are presented with cross roads and
forks. Some are pretty obvious which turn we should take. However, not everything is easy in life. And in the fast pace life we are currently living
in right now, we move so fast that we meet many more challenges than before and often, we hastily decide on the choices we make. You will make
decisions in your life. Some of these decisions will be incredibly good and result with you experiencing a much improved quality of life. Other
decisions will be poor, yielding little benefit, or worse, cause more damage than good. Yes, whether it's right or wrong, it still is a
She realized her boss only wanted to squeeze more work out of her. In short, her current job sucks. Thus, she knew she has to move. That's
basically seems like a logical move! But she also reminded herself that the job is quite stable and it pays her pretty well. Moving away from this
job means moving away from a stable source of income into the unknown again. So, what can she do? What are the choices here? As I said earlier,
there's is no right or wrong choices here. You decide which course of action is best for you. Here, the one that is willing to take a bit of risk and
willing to take on new challenges for a better job prospect will naturally decide to leave for a new job. And the less secure will choose to continue
with the lousy job. My point here is, don't blame the circumstances. Blame yourself if you find in a situation that you do not like. It was your decision
that brought you to where you are today. Did anyone make the decision for you? Even if someone forces you to make a decision, ultimately, it still is
your choice and decision. This is where the successful differentiate themselves from the average. They realize that their decisions today determine their
future. So, it's not a choice of liking. They deliberately choose to be what they want to be in the future. In short, what you do today defines what you
are tomorrow. And all this boils down the decisions you make in life. With all of the saying, I've made

Making the Right Choices Essay
It may take many people to realize that the decisions they make today could possibly affect the outcome tomorrow and even later in life. When we
are children, our parents and guardians are responsible for properly guiding us to make the right choices, they are the people who are supposed to
teach us right from wrong and in most cases they are the people who reveals the many harsh realities of the world to us. Through childhood we
may not worry about how the bills will get paid, or what job we will have when we are adults because for many people the answer to those
questions often change with time. As we grow older it is up to us to follow their guidance and learn from what they have taught us and live in a
society as one. Life is full of...show more content...
Mourning also suggests that, "There are often doubts in life, but you will have to stand up and attack what is attacking you. Meet force with
force. You have to learn as much as you can, come up with a plan, and be positive" (Mourning, pg. 14). It is important for everyone to be persistent
in life and when faced with a difficult task think positive and attack what is stopping you from what your trying to achieve. When faced with an
illness, Mourning's outlook was to fight the disease and succeed. Like many adolescents who are faced with peer pressure of drugs Mourning had
experienced one of the college players he looked up to had died from a cocaine overdose, "If drugs could take down a guy like that, if drugs could
take Len Bias's life, then they could take me down, too" (Mourning pg. 42). Though Mourning was gifted with the ability to play basketball and
was raised by a foster mother and kept in touch with his parents he said, "I was once naive and trusted everyone, and is almost cost me everything"
(Mourning, pg. 53). For most of the book, I agree with these suggestions but there is one aspect of Mourning's decisions that I highly disagreed
with; In Chapter 4, Mourning discusses how he was freshly 18 years old and that he had "learned how to not be skeptical of everything and everyone"
(Mourning, pg. 59). Being skeptical of people is not a bad thing in many people's opinions. In life we are faced

Decision Making Model Essay
Decision–Making Model essay Whether we realize it or not, decision–making is a part of our daily lives. Everyday we have to make decisions. Some
of those decisions are minor and some of them are life changing. Some of the decision we make, sometimes, are pretty obvious. We decide to get up,
get of bed, with the assumption that the floor will be there. Personally, I begin to think of what I need to accomplish that day and what would happen
if I did not tend to certain things. These thoughts make me uncomfortable when I find no alternative course of action other than getting up and doing
what needs to be done. In the end, I get up, get dressed and begin to tend to the things I consider important. By this time, I have already engaged in
My husband, being the C.E.O., and I, being the president, decided to take everything in and look over all the different ideas that were given to us.
We had to look at each idea and present a scenario for each idea and, in this manner, we narrowed it down to a few ideas that would be suitable to
fit our situation. This is when the third step came in. We had to choose the best solution, and we did. We decided that the best way to increase out
listenership was to market our station to more people. We, then, executed the fourth step, which is implementing the solution. We contacted different
media sources and decided to make ourselves more "visible". Everyone worked hard at getting our radio station in different playlists and different
websites. We then were entering the fifth step: evaluation the success of the chosen solution. This process was the longest and made us very
nervous. How would we know that all our efforts would pay off? Only time and numbers could tell now. We watched the station's numbers daily. We
made comparison charts and decided after six months that it was time for a meeting. At the meeting, we assessed the results that we had in front of us
and one of the final steps of rationalization was in place; it was time to modify the decision. Looking at numbers and problem areas, we narrowed
down our solutions even more and decided to

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions Essay
Decisions, Decisions, Decisions
People make decisions every single day, even if they know it or not. Whether it is an important decision as in buying the right car, or a little decision
as in deciding what to eat for lunch. No matter what the decision maybe, one has to make choices everyday. Although it may be the wrongchoice later
on, no one has the ability to look into the future. But one must move on even though it may not be the right choice. Robert Frost explains this well
in "The Road Not Taken", in which he describes a situation where a person is at a fork in the road, and has to make a decision on which path to take.
In the first part of the poem Frost compares and contrasts the two roads: And looked down one as far...show more content...
That is why people make choices in the first place, to get the better side of the decision. Frost also expresses the idea of hesitating before taking
action in the third and fourth line saying "And sorry I could not travel both / And looked down one as far as I could." These two lines are
especially important because it can be associated with all types of decisions. The third line points out how one cannot choose all the choices, which
the majority of the time is true; and the fourth line points out again the importance of evaluating the choices thoroughly before deciding. In the
second part of the poem Frost makes the decision on which path to take. This is said in the thirteenth line "Oh, I kept the first for another day!"
Perhaps being an adventures person, Frost decides on choosing the less traveled path, which was the second road described in the poem as "grassy
and wanted wear." Yet still hesitant to take the path because in lines fourteen and fifteen Frost says "Yet knowing how way leads on to way, / I
doubted if I should ever come back." Frost explains that one will never know what will happen later on, and perhaps will never end up in that same
situation again, therefore should make the best choice at that moment. Again, as the first point, think the choices through before making the decision,
and this is what

Parental Decision-Making Essay Example

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