National iodine deficiency disorders control programme (niddcp)anjalatchi
Iodine deficiencies are very common, especially in Europe and Third World countries, where the soil and food supply have low iodine levels. Your body uses iodine to make thyroid hormones. That's why an iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, a condition in which the body can't make enough thyroid hormones
Iodine Deficiency Disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. The adverse consequences of iodine deficiency lead to a wide spectrum of problems ranging from abortion and still birth to mental and physical retardation and deafness, which collectively known as Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs).
National iodine deficiency disorders control programme (niddcp)anjalatchi
Iodine deficiencies are very common, especially in Europe and Third World countries, where the soil and food supply have low iodine levels. Your body uses iodine to make thyroid hormones. That's why an iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, a condition in which the body can't make enough thyroid hormones
Iodine Deficiency Disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. The adverse consequences of iodine deficiency lead to a wide spectrum of problems ranging from abortion and still birth to mental and physical retardation and deafness, which collectively known as Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs).
The orderly process defining national Health problems, identifying the unmeet needs, surveying the resources to meet them, and establishing the priority goals to accomplish the purpose of proposed Programme.
Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid Haroon Rashid
Subject - Community Health Nursing II, Topic - Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 4th year in Florence College Of Nursing
The programme started in April, 1986 in a phased manner. To date, the annual production of iodated salt in our country is 65 lakh metric tones per annum. Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is the nodal Ministry for implementation of National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP).
The orderly process defining national Health problems, identifying the unmeet needs, surveying the resources to meet them, and establishing the priority goals to accomplish the purpose of proposed Programme.
Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid Haroon Rashid
Subject - Community Health Nursing II, Topic - Minimum Need's Programme, Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 4th year in Florence College Of Nursing
The programme started in April, 1986 in a phased manner. To date, the annual production of iodated salt in our country is 65 lakh metric tones per annum. Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is the nodal Ministry for implementation of National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP).
Iodine is an essential micronutrient required daily at
100-150 micrograms for normal human growth
and development. Deficiency of iodine can cause
physical and mental retardation, cretinism,
abortions, stillbirth, deaf mutism, squint & various
types of goiter.
As per the surveys conducted by the Directorate
General of Health Services, Indian Council of
Medical Research, Health Institutions and the
State Health Directorates, it has been found that
out of 414 districts surveyed in all the 29 States
and 7 UTs, 337 districts are endemic i.e where
the prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorders
(IDDs) is more than 5% (Annexure-I).
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Iodine is essential micronutrient. It is required
at 100-150 micrograms daily for normal human
growth and development. Deficiency of
nutritional iodine in the food/ diet is called as
Iodine Deficiency Disorders.
• It affects people of all ages, both sexes and
different socioeconomic status.
• Iodine deficiency during pregnancy leads to
decreased availability of iodine to the fetus.
4. BURDEN OF DISEASE:
• Iodine deficiency disorders are worldwide major
public health problem.
• They affect a large segment of population in all
continents of our planet and have been with us from
generations.
• As per information, more than 1.5 bollion people all
over the world are at risk of IDD.
• IDD are preventable in 130 countries, affecting 13% of
the world population.
• In India, it is estimated that more than 350 million
people are at risk, while the number of persons
suffering from IDD is above 71 million.
5. cont..
• Among newborns, 8.1 million and among pregnant
women, 8.9 million are at risk of IDD.
• The surveys conducted by ICMR AND Medical
institutes have clearly demonstrated that not even a
single state/ union territory is free from the problem.
• Sample surveys have been conducted in 28 states and
7 union territories, which have revealed that out of
324 districts surveyed , 263 districts are IDD
endemic.
6. PREVENTION:
• The simplest method to prevent the broad
spectrum of IDD is to consume Iodated salt daily.
• The supply of iodated salt is to ensure availability
of not less than 150 micrograms of iodine per
person per day.
7. NATIONAL IODINE DEFICIENCY
DISORDER CONTROL PROGRAM
INTRODUCTION:
• Realizing the magnitude of the problem , the government
of India launched a 100 percent centrally assisted
National Goiter Control Program (NGCP) in 1962. In
august 1992, National Goiter Control Program (NGCP)
was renamed the National Iodine Deficiency Disorder
Control Program (NIDDCP) with a view to cover a wide
spectrum of Iodine Deficiency Disorder like mental and
physical retardation, deaf-mutism, cretinism, still-births,
abortion etc.
8. GOAL:
• The government’s goal of NIDDCP is to reduce
the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders
below 10 percent in the entire country by 2012
A.D.
9. OBJECTIVES:
Survey to assess the magnitude of the Iodine Deficiency
Disorder.
Supply of Iodated salt in place of common salt.
Resurvey after every 5 year to assess the extent of Iodine
Deficiency Disorder and the impact of iodated salt.
Laboratory monitoring of isolated salt and urinary Iodine
excretion.
Health education & publicity.
10. POLICY:
• It had been established that consumption of iodated salt
is the best and simplest way to prevent and control IDD.
• Based on the recommendation of the central council of
health in 1984, the govt. of India took a policy decision to
iodated the entire edible salt in the country by 1992 in a
phased manner. The program started in 1986 in April.
• The central govt. has issued the notification banning the
sale of non-iodated salt for direct human consumption in
the entire country with effect from 17th may, 2006 under
the prevention of food adulteration act 1954.
11. NODAL MINISTRY:
• The ministry of health & family welfare is the
nodal ministry for policy descisions on National
Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program
(NIDDCP).
12. IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER CELL
OF DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF
HEALTH SERVICES:
The Central Nutrition and Iodine Deficiency
Disorders cell at the Directorate General of Health
Services (DGHS) is responsible for the
implementation of NIDDCP in the country. The
important activities of IDD are as follows:
• Technical guidance to the states/UTs.
• Intersectoral coordination at Central level and
maintenance close liaison with the ministry of
Industry/transport etc.
13. cont..
• Coordination of the various facets of NIDDCP in states/
UTs.
• Undertaking independent IDD surveys and monitoring in
various states/UTs.
• Imparting training to the state health to whom personnel,
involved in NIDDCP.
• Collection, compilation and analysis of relevant data from
states/UT with a view to render more effective and
meaning advice.
• Monitoring of the quality control of iodated salt at
production level through the salt commissioner and at the
distribution & consumer level through the state health
directorate.
14. cont..
• Monitoring the procurement and distribution of
iodated salt in States/UTs.
• Managing the IEC activities at apex level.
• Managing the financing and other physical
aspects of state level IDD cells.
15. STATES/UNION TERRITORY IDD CELL:
Each state government has an IDD control cell, which
is responsible for:
• Checking iodine levels of iodated salt with
wholesalers & retailers with in the state and
coordinating with the food & civil supplies
department.
• The distribution of iodated salt with in the state
through open market & public distribution system.
• Creating demand for iodated salt.
• Monitoring consumption iodated salt.
16. cont..
• Conducting IDD surveys to identify the
magnitude of IDD in various districts.
• Conducting training.
• Dissemination of information, education and
communication.
17. CURRENT STATUS OF PROGRAM:
• 31 states/ UTs have established Iodine Deficiency
disorder control cells in their state health directorate.
• 30 states/UTs have already setup Iodine deficiency
disorders monitoring laboratories while the remaining
states are in the process of establishing same.
• 365 districts have been surveyed tell now.
• In a survey carried out by ICMR, central and state
health directorate and medical institutions, 365
districts were surveyed and out of which 303 districts
were found to be endemic.
18. cont..
• To raise the awareness, song and drama division through
their fields unit have been carrying out extensive special
interactive programmes/ activities in 200 high focused
districts in 16 states of the country.
• IDD spots are being telecast through the Doordarshan
daily, in all 14 regional languages, are broadcast by the All
India Radio through its 37 Vividha Bharti channels and 129
primary channels.
• Message about IDD and consumption of Iodated salt on
computerized railway reservation tickets.
• Global IDD prevention Day is celebrated in districts on 21
october every year.
19. ACHIEVEMENTS OF PROGRAM:
• The salt production policy has been liberalized and
permitting production by the private sector. 824 private
units have been licensed by the salt commissioner, out of
which nearly 532 units have commenced production so
far.
• The ministry of railway is providing priority
arrangements (category ‘B’) for the transportation of
iodated salt. This priority is second to that of defense.
• Since may 2006 the central government has issued
notification banning the sale of non iodated salt in
country.
20. cont..
• Standard for iodated salt have been laid down under
prevention of food adultration act 1954. These
stipulate that the iodine content of salt production
and consumption levels should be at least production
and consumption levels should at least 30 and 1 ppm
respectively.
• The NIDDCP has been included in the 20 point
program of the prime minister.
• Each state and UT has been advised to established to
established an IDD control cell in their state/ UT.
21. cont..
• Cash grants are also provided by the central
government for health education and publicity
campaign to promote the consumption of iodated salt.
• The nutrition and IDD cell of the directorate general
of the health services carrying out surveys and
training of staff.
• A national reference laboratory for the monitoring of
IDD has been set up at the Bio-chemistry and
biotechnology division of the National Center for
disease control, delhi, for training medical and
paramedical personnel and monitoring the iodine
content of salth & urine.
22. cont..
• For ensuring quality control of iodated salt at
consumption level, testing kits for ‘on the spots’
qualitative testing have been distributed to all the
district health officers.
• A program implementation committee under the
chairmanship of director general of health services has
been constituted to review the program.
• A central streering committee has been set up under
the chairmanship of secretary (health and family
welfare) for effective coordination with other sectors.
23. INFRASTRUCTURE:
• National Iodine Deficiency Disorder controls program
at the central level is being managed by adviser
(Nutrition) of the directorate general of health
services.
• An independent nutrition & IDD cell has been created
under the deputy asst. director general (IDD) with
support of research officer (IDD) assisted by a team
comprising a technical assistant, a junior investigator,
field assistants, field attendants, a computer and
other ministerial staff.
• Each state is having their own IDD cell. Till now there
now 31 IDD cells and 30 laboratories have been
established.
24. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE:
• Financial assistance is being provided to all the
states/UTs in form of quarterlt advance release
of funds w.e.f. 2002-03 for various components
under the program.
25. IDDCP IN 12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2012-
2017)
GOALS:
Universal use of iodine fortified salt.
• to bring down prevalence of IDD below 5% in the
entire country by 2017 AD.
• To ensure 100% consumption of adequately
iodated salt (15 PPM) at the household level.
26. cont..
• To achieve the same, following indicators
are given below:
INDICATOR GOAL
Salt Iodisation
Proportion of household consuming
adequately iodised salt
>90%
Urinary Iodine
Median in the general population
Median in pregnant
100-199ug/L
150-249ug/L
Programmatic Indicators
Attainment of indicatrors
At least 8 of 10
30. WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY: 52TH
RESOLUTION
Prevention and control of Iodine Deficiency
Disorders
• WHO is concerned about Iodine deficiency that
remains a major threat to the health and
development of populations worldwide and that it
may result in goiter, stillbirth and miscarriage,
neonatal and juvenile thyroid deficiency,
dwarfism, brain damage, intellectual impairment,
deaf mutism, septic weakness and paralysis as
well.
31. cont..
• WHO calls for preventive and control of Iodine
deficiency in the world by all the governments,
international organizations, bilateral agencies
and non- governmental organizations in
particular the International Council for Control
of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) to
control and prevent iodine deficiency at global,
regional and national levels.
32. cont..
The salt industry are requested for its
collaboration and key role in making iodized salt
available to populations at risk of iodine
deficiency, and for its initiative in highlighting
iodization of salt at international forum.
33. RESEARCH ARTICLE
IODINE DEFICIENCY AMONG GOITER
PATIENTS IN RURAL SOUTH SUDAN
• Background: It is estimated that 2.2 billion or
approximately 30% of the world’s population live in
iodine-deficient areas. In a 2005 study households
consuming iodized salt in South Sudan increased from
40% to 73%. Despite this achievement, there are still
many goiter cases in rural South Sudan and iodine
deficiency remains as a major public health problem in
this part of sub Saharan Africa. The purpose of this
study therefore was to determine the prevalence of
iodine deficiency among rural Southern Sudan goiter
patients.
34. cont..
• Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in
three South Sudan counties, adults with goiter were
from three centers following a mobilization campaign
that lasted 4 weeks for free medical care. They were
clinically evaluated and completed interviewer
administered questionnaires to determine their age,
gender, diet, family history, drug history, and medical
history. Urine samples were then taken for urinary
iodine levels. The outcome was iodine deficiency
measured as urinary iodine less than 100 μg per/ L.
Multiple logistic regression was used to establish the
factors associated with iodine deficiency in South
Sudan. Ethical approval was obtained.
35. • Results: A total of 286 goitre patients were
recruited. The mean age was 38 years (SD 9),
262(92%) were females (F: M ratio 11:1), and
257(90%) were rural- peasants, 25% (20/286) had
moderate to severe iodine deficiency. 174 (62%)
consumed non-iodized salts.
• Conclusion: Iodine deficiency is highly prevalent
among rural South Sudan communities and a likely
cause for goiters. Rural poor women are highly
vulnerable.