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Health indicators
- 1.
- 2. Measure healthstatus of community Compare health status among countries Estimate healthcare requirements Allocation of resources Monitoring of health services , activities and programs Evaluation of target of health program
- 3. Valid Reliable Sensitive Specific A complete status of health can be best evaluated by employing many indicators at a time
- 4. The numberof deaths in a given time or place The proportion of deaths to population Crude death rate Expectation of life Infant mortality rate Child mortality rate Under-5 proportionate mortality rate Maternal mortality rate Disease specific mortality Proportional mortality rate
- 5. No. ofdeaths per 1000 population every year Indicator of comparative health of people Not meant for international comparison ◦ Results may vary on the basis of age gender and composition of population Good tool for assessment of over all health improvement in a population
- 6. Mortality =number of deaths in a given time Rate ___________________________ X 10n population from which the deaths occurred in the same time period
- 7. At birthis defined as average number of years that will be lived if current age-specific mortality rates persist Good indicator of socio-economic development Global health indicator
- 8. Ratio ofdeaths under 1 year of age in a given year to the live births in same year Expressed as a rate per 1000 live births Universally accepted indicator for infants, whole population, socio-economic conditions
- 9. = deathsunder 1 year age during a year x 10n live births reported during the same year
- 10. Another indicatorto overall health status 1-4 years No. of deaths at ages 1-4 in given year per 1000 children Varies between least developed and developed countries
- 11. Proportion oftotal deaths occurring uner-5 age group Incorporates both Infant Mortality Rate and Child Mortality Rate High in countries with poor hygiene
- 12. Responsible fordeath among women of reproductive age Varies according to socio-economic status of country
- 13. Deaths dueto pregnancy related issues x 10n live births during the same year
- 14. Important todevelop treatment strategies Decreased after discoveries of chemotherapeutic agents Increased in case of cancer and cardiovascular diseases
- 15. Deaths dueto disease in a given year x 10n estimated mid-year population
- 16. Simplest measureto estimate burden of disease “Proportionate mortality describes the proportion of deaths in a particular population over a specified period of time, attributable to different causes.”
- 17. Deaths dueto disease in a given year x 10n total number of death from all causes in that year
- 19. Mortality doesn’tindicate the burden of ill health Mental health Arthritis Asthma Epilepsy
- 20. Incidence andfrequency Attendance rates to OPD and health centers Admission, re-admission and discharge rates Duration of hospital stay Absence from work/school Notification rates
- 21. Number ofdays or restricted activity ◦ Event type indicator ◦ Person type indicator Sullivan’s index; life expectancy free of disability Calculation: Life expectancy- number of days with restricted mobility
- 22. Prevalence oflow birth rate Anthropometric measurements of preschoolers (weight, height, mid-arm) Height and weight of children at school entry
- 23. Doctor: populationratio Doctor: nurse population ratio Population: hospital bed ratio Population covered by health center Population per traditional birth attendents
- 24. Proportion ofinfants fully immunized Proportion of pregnant ladies who receive full antenatal care Bed occupancy rates in hospitals
- 25. Incidences of ◦Suicides ◦ Homicides ◦ Alcohol or drug abuse ◦ Family violence Guidance for social action
- 26. Rate ofincrease in population Per capita GNP Level of unemployment Dependency ratio Literacy rate Family size Housing (number of person per room)