Sarcoptes scabiei causes scabies, presenting as itchy rash and small burrows in the skin. Symptoms include intense itching worse at night. Permethrin and benzyl benzoate are used for treatment. Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition causing red, scaly plaques, especially on elbows and knees. Treatment includes topical medications and phototherapy. Athlete's foot is a fungal infection of the feet causing scaling and itching between the toes. Keeping feet dry and using antifungal medications or creams can treat it.

1. DERMATOLOGICAL DISEASES
DR. AHLAM SUNDUS

2. Sarcoptes scabiei hominis
Burrows into the upper layer of the skin - the stratum corneum
Eggs and mite proteins produce an allergic reaction  itch and
rash
Skin-to-skin contact
Incubation period (without previous exposure); 2-6 weeks
Previously infested; 1-5 days
SCABIES

3. Symptoms
Itch, which usually develops within 2 to 6 weeks after infestation.
The itch is generalized, very intense and intractable.
The itch is worst at night.
History of itch among family members within the same period
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

4. Small erythematous
papulovesicular lesions
predominantly
Webbed spaces of the fingers
Flexor surfaces of the wrists
Elbows
Axillae
Belt line
Feet
Scrotum (men)
Areolae (women)
SIGNS

5. Permethrin (scabiderm®)
25% Benzyl benzoate (SP-Lotion®)
10% Crotamiton (Scabion®, Crotan®)
Malathion (Ovide®)
10% Sulfur Ointment (Seproderm®, Scabion®)
TREATMENT OPTIONS

6. Pruritus can persist even after treatment
Crotamiton and antihistamines
Secondary application of Permethrin (at least 7 days after primary
application)
All close person should be treated
Take shower daily
Change bed sheets daily
Use disinfectants while washing bed sheets

7. Complex
Chronic
Multifactorial
Inflammatory disease
involves an increase in the epidermal cell turnover rate
PSORIASIS

8. APPEARANCE
Worsening of a long-term
erythematous scaly area
Sudden onset of many small
areas of scaly redness
Pain
Pruritus
Scaling

9. Plaque psoriasis is characterized by raised, inflamed lesions
covered with a silvery white scale. The scale may be scraped away
to reveal inflamed skin beneath. This is most common on the
extensor surfaces of the knees, elbows, scalp, and trunk.
TYPES

10. Guttate psoriasis (Latin word meaning Drop) presents
as small salmon-pink papules, 1-10 mm in diameter,
predominately on the trunk; the lesions may be scaly. It
frequently appears suddenly, 2-3 weeks after an upper
respiratory infection

11. Pustular psoriasis appears as clearly defined, raised
bumps that are filled with a white, thick fluid
composed of white blood cells. Commonly found on
the palms and soles or diffusely over the body.
Pustular psoriasis may cycle through erythema,
pustules, then scaling.

12. Topical and systemic medication, phototherapy, stress reduction
Various adjuncts such as sunshine, moisturizers, salicylic acid, and
other keratolytics such as urea
Methotrexate (Pharmatrexate®)
Cyclosporine (Sandimmun®)
TREATMENT

13. Daily sun exposure, sea bathing, topical moisturizers, and
relaxation.
Moisturizers, such as petroleum jelly, are helpful
Nonprescription tar preparation
Salicylic acid, phenolic compounds, and Calcipotriene (a vitamin
D analog)
Combination therapy with a vitamin D analog (calcipotriol and
calcipotriene) or a retinoid such as tazarotene and a topical
corticosteroid is more effective than therapy with either agent
alone
TREATMENT OF SKIN LESIONS

14. Psoralen is a photosensitizer that is ingested prior to light
exposure.
Patients with psoriasis should avoid injury to skin, including
sunburn and other physical trauma, as these areas may develop
psoriasis

15. Common fungal infection
Boys, girls, men, and women of all
ages
ATHLETE’S FOOT

16. scaly red rash
Itching is often the worst right after you take off your shoes and
socks
Some types of athlete's foot feature blisters or ulcers
variety of athlete's foot causes chronic dryness and scaling on the
soles
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

17. Tinea pedis
Damp socks and shoes and warm, humid conditions favor the organisms'
growth
Athlete's foot is contagious and can be spread by contact with an infected
person or from contact with contaminated surfaces, such as towels, floors and
shoes.
CAUSE

18. Spread to other parts of your body, including:
Your hand. People who scratch or pick at the infected parts of
their feet may develop a similar infection in one of their hands.
Your nails. The fungi associated with athlete's foot can also
infect your toenails, a location that tends to be more resistant to
treatment.
Your groin. Jock itch is often caused by the same fungus that
results in athlete's foot. It's common for the infection to spread
from the feet to the groin as the fungus can travel on your hands
or on a towel.
COMPLICATIONS

19. Keep your feet dry, especially between your toes. Go barefoot to let your
feet air out as much as possible when you're home. Dry between your toes
after a bath or shower.
Change socks regularly. If your feet get very sweaty, change your socks
twice a day.
Wear light, well-ventilated shoes. Avoid shoes made of synthetic material,
such as vinyl or rubber.
Alternate pairs of shoes. Don't wear the same pair every day so that you
give your shoes time to dry after each use.
Protect your feet in public places. Wear waterproof sandals or shoes
around public pools, showers and lockers rooms.
Treat your feet. Use powder, preferably antifungal, on your feet daily.
Don't share shoes. Sharing risks spreading a fungal infection.
PREVENTION

20. over-the-counter antifungal ointment, lotion, powder or spray
Benzoic acid + salicylic acid (whitfield’s ointment®)
Imidazole (greater efficacy) Canesten®, Daktarin®
Terbinafine®
Imidazole + hydrocortisone (not for more than 7 days) Daktacort®
TREATMENT

21. Rough, scaly skin on the scalp and face
Cradle cap
Dandruff
Symptoms similar to psoriasis but scales are thin
Patches of SD may look greasy
SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS

23. OTC
Tar containg products (Dithrocil®)
Selenium sulphide (Selsun® shampoo)
Zinc pyrithione
Ketoconazole (better tolerated than selenium) (Nizoral® scalp gel)
Example:
FONGITAR (STIEFEL LAB.)
Coal tar 1%, Zn pyrithione 1%, Juniper Tar 0.3%, Arachis Oil 0.3%
TREATMENT