The document discusses various topics related to public health and nutrition. It defines public health as the science of preventing disease and promoting health through organized community efforts. It outlines the core functions of public health programs such as vaccines, disease prevention/treatment, and maternal/child care. The document also discusses nutrition, defining nutrients and their roles. It emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet and the relationship between nutrition and health. Finally, it covers several aspects of child care such as the mother's role, feeding tips, immunization, and the importance of breastfeeding.
Maternal and child health” refers to
the promotive, preventive ,curative
and rehabilitative health care for
mothers and children ,child health,
family planning, school health,
handicapped children, adolescence
and health aspects of children in
special setting such as day care.
Breastfeeding, also called nursing, is the process of feeding a mother's breast milk to her infant, either directly from the breast or by expressing (pumping out) the milk from the breast and bottle-feeding it to the infant
When it comes to good positions to use while breastfeeding, your comfort as well as the ease with which your baby will be able to feed is the first and foremost concern. Finding a position that you are most comfortable and happy with will make it easier for your baby to latch on to your breasts and feed with ease. Here are some of the best breast-feeding positions that you might use when you are breastfeeding.
WHO and its Member States in the South-East Asia Region mark the beginning of World Breastfeeding Week, a week-long celebration to protect, promote and support breastfeeding, and to help institutionalize breastfeeding within health care systems
Maternal and child health” refers to
the promotive, preventive ,curative
and rehabilitative health care for
mothers and children ,child health,
family planning, school health,
handicapped children, adolescence
and health aspects of children in
special setting such as day care.
Breastfeeding, also called nursing, is the process of feeding a mother's breast milk to her infant, either directly from the breast or by expressing (pumping out) the milk from the breast and bottle-feeding it to the infant
When it comes to good positions to use while breastfeeding, your comfort as well as the ease with which your baby will be able to feed is the first and foremost concern. Finding a position that you are most comfortable and happy with will make it easier for your baby to latch on to your breasts and feed with ease. Here are some of the best breast-feeding positions that you might use when you are breastfeeding.
WHO and its Member States in the South-East Asia Region mark the beginning of World Breastfeeding Week, a week-long celebration to protect, promote and support breastfeeding, and to help institutionalize breastfeeding within health care systems
Health talk on immunization ( presentation, health talk, lesson plan )SADDAM HUSSAIN
A health talk topic on immunization for nursing student .
also usefull for reading and improve knowledge
community health nursing , msc nursing , bsc nursing.
Health talk on immunization ( presentation, health talk, lesson plan )SADDAM HUSSAIN
A health talk topic on immunization for nursing student .
also usefull for reading and improve knowledge
community health nursing , msc nursing , bsc nursing.
A "Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine" é uma organização mundial de médicos dedicados à promoção, proteção, e apoio da amamentação e lactação humana.
Nossa missão é unir em uma associação membros das várias especialidades médicas com este propósito comum.
Gostaria que a SBP - Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria firma-se um MANIFESTO com esse mesmo conteúdo, principalmente em relação ao conflito de interesses.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho, IBCLC
Mother And Child Health Introduction, Pediatrics or Child Health, Maternal and Child Health Programme(MCH), Objectives, Importance, Breastfeeding introduction, Composition of Milk, Other Vital Components of Breast Milk, Importance of Breastfeeding for Baby, Importance of Breastfeeding for Mother, Infant Milk Substitutes & Bottle Feeding, Effects of Bottle Feeding, Illness And Hospitalization Risk, Pharmacists Role in Mother And Child Health.
The role of civil society is vital for protecting children from vested corporate interests. For this knowledge about popular interventions and their pros and cons is vital.
Final research paper written for Introduction to Child Development in fall 2019. This paper discusses the benefits of breastfeeding for the child and the mother.
Included mico, macro nutrients: daily requirements of all for adults as well as children.Also covered deficiencies related to same and their management
1Breastfeeding v. Formula-feeding Introduction TheTatianaMajor22
1
Breastfeeding v. Formula-feeding
Introduction
The term breastfeeding or nursing in humans refers to feeding newborn children with breast milk from the mother. The action can be direct when the baby mechanically sucks the milk or when pumped from the mother and placed in bottles to feed infants (Williams et al., 2020). The latter approach is most common among mothers with demanding occupations as it allows them to have the freedom needed to complete their duties while ensuring the child is fed. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breastfeeding is a scientifically and medically proven best approach to providing newly-born children with the needed nutrients needed for their healthy development and growth (Williams et al., 2020). Under standard settings, all mothers are virtually capable of breastfeeding. However, the lack of accurate information and support from their healthcare system, society, and family limits the propagation of the practice.
The lack of information and support results in mothers preferring formula feeding, which Almeida et al. (2020) states that lack the needed immunity-boosting elements present in breast milk. Additionally, children who feed on breast milk are able to digest the nutrients easily compared to children on formula feed. It is noteworthy that the purpose of formula-feed is to primarily allow effective development for children if the mother has medical, physical, or mental limitations.
However, unlike breast milk, formula feed primarily allows the child’s dietary needs to be attained. Finally, they also allow children with specific nutritional needs to behave their needs met effectively (Almeida et al., 2020). Thus, it is evident that breastfeeding offers newborn children the needed nutrients and immunity boost to support their growth and development. As medical practitioners, it is their responsibility to train and support mothers of newly born children in understanding the importance and value of breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding v. Formula-feeding
According to Williams et al. (2020), when breastfeeding is compared to formula-feeding, numerous differences are presented with only one similarity. The similarity is the ability of formula and breastfeeding to meet the nutritional needs of the child only. All other facets of both infant feeding strategies significantly differ. For the evaluation, the facets included in the comparison include cost, effects on immunity, ease of digestion, flexibility, and medication (Cheshmeh et al., 2021). From a simplistic approach, the cost of formula feed is approximately $2000 or more annually; however, it is noteworthy that it is dependent on the child (Cheshmeh et al., 2021). Breastmilk, on the other hand, is free unless the mother is experiencing a diagnosed medical condition. Nevertheless, when addressing the aspect of immunity, breastmilk contains antibodies from the mother, augmenting the infant’s ability to fight off some dise ...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
2. A state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
2
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
3. What is public health
The science and art of preventing disease,
prolonging life and promoting health through
the organized efforts and informed choices of
society, organizations, public and private,
communities and individuals.
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
4. Aims of health education
To inform general public about promotion of
healthy living
To create an informed body of opinion and
knowledge(social workers, teachers, pharmacist
…)
To give the public right information regarding
medication
To facilitate the acceptance and proper usage of
medication
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
5. Contents of health education
Nutrition
Hygiene
Childcare
Breast feeding
Family planning
Control of communicable and non communicable
diseases
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
6. The World Health Organization (WHO)
identifies core functions of public health
programs including
Vaccines and immunization – vaccines for small pox,
polio, measles, tetanus, tuberculosis etc are provided
Disease prevention and treatment – run camps
Mother and child care
Environmental sanitation
Nutrition
6
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
7. Nutrition is defined as the procurement of
substances (nutrients)necessary for growth,
development, maintenance and activities of a
living organism
It is a science the examines the relationship
between DIET and HEALTH
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
8. NUTRIENTS - A source of
nourishment, especially a nourishing
ingredient in a food.
Nutrients are organized in seven groups:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats
4.Vitamins
5.Macrominerals
6.Microminerals
7.Water
Macronutrients –carbohydrates, fats, fiber,
proteins & water
Micronutrients – minerals and vitamins
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
9. 1. Carbohydrates
Supply energy (4
Build and repair body
calories per gram).
Spare proteins to be
used for growth and
maintenance of body
tissues rather than
energy.
Provide fiber if whole
grain.
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2. Proteins
tissues.
Help antibodies fight
infection.
Supply energy (4
calories per gram) if
more is consumed
than needed to build
and repair body
tissues.
11/27/2013
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
10. 3. Fats
Supply the most
10
4. Vitamins
A, B1, B2, B12,
concentrated source
of energy (9 calories
per gram).
Carry fat-soluble
vitamins A, D, E, and
K.
Provide feeling of
fullness and
satisfaction since fats
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
take longer to digest.
NIACIN, FOLIC ACID,
C, D, E, K
11/27/2013
11. 5. Macrominerals
Calcium
Phosphorous
6. Microminerals
Iron
Zinc- assists in wound
healing, blood formation, and
Magnesium
Sodium, Chloride,
Potassium
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
general growth and maintenance of
all tissues
Copper - formation of hemoglobin
Manganese - normal development
of bones and connective tissues
Selenium- Works in conjunction with
vitamin E to protect cells from
destruction
Chromium - Maintains normal
glucose uptake into cells
11/27/2013
Iodine-
12. BALANCED DIET
A balanced diet is a diet which
contains all the nutrients required for
health, in appropriate proportions.
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
13. Relationship between nutrition and health.
NCD, noncommunicable disease.
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
15. HYGIENE is a general term that refers to the
conditions and activities that are used to maintain
health and safety with proper sanitation and
personal cleanliness.
Sanitation involves the hygienic disposal and treatment by the civic
authority of potentially unhealthy human waste
Some types of hygiene:
Personal hygiene such as oral, dental, and bodily hygiene
Food hygiene and safe handling and preservation techniques - home
and restaurants
Agricultural produce production and meat and seafood sanitary
packing and handling
Public sanitation services - clean water supply, waste disposal,
garbage collection
Custodial services - buildings, hospital infection control
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
Home sanitation and cleanliness
11/27/2013
16. CHILD CARE
CHILD ACRE is the act of caring for and supervising
minor children (newborn to age thirteen).
Child care include many steps
Mother’s role
Feeding tips
Infants movements
Maintenance of body temperature
Importance of sleep
Immunization
Baby massage
Height calculator
16
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
17. Mother’s role
Mothers have historically fulfilled the primary role
in raising children. As health and survival of the
new born depends on the health of mother.
MOTHER EDUCATION IS VERY
IMPORTANT FOR RIGHT CARE OF
THE CHILD
About 56% of maternal deaths occur in Sub-
17
Saharan Africa and another 29% in South Asia
Afghanistan, Central African Republic and Malawi
are the most dangerous in terms of maternal
death
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
Fathers should take a bigger childcare role
18. Feeding tips
For the first six months of life breast milk is the
only food that your baby needs to grow and be
healthy.
Avoid cow’s milk or formula milk till six months of
age
When your baby is six months old he is ready for
solid foods
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
19. Pharmacists’ role in encouraging
breastfeeding
Pharmacists can provide advice on:
Infant nutrition and breastfeeding
breast milk is the normal and optimal food for infants; always sterile and
80% f cells are macropharges
It is an important immediate and long-term preventive health care measure
for child and mother
It provides food security and an economic advantage for families
No baby is allergic to mother’s milk, although they may have a reaction to
something the mother eats.
It lowers the risk of breast and ovarian cancers
Recognition and management of common breastfeeding problems;
Referral to appropriate health professionals (eg. child health nurses,
lactation consultants, or Association counsellors
Information on the use of medicines in lactation; and use of bottles
Nutritional content and appropriate use of breastmilk substitute products.
with the variety of breastmilk substitutes available on the market, parents
may need assistance inof Pharmacy and safe use of an appropriate product
the choice
Kiran Sharma, KIET School
11/27/2013
19
inappropriate preparation and use of breastmilk substitutes may expose
20. babies who are not breastfed are more likely to
become obese in later childhood
most recent infant feeding survey confirmed that
low maternal age, low educational attainment and
low socioeconomic position continue to have a
strong impact on patterns of infant feeding.
20
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
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21. follows
pharmacists who sell breastmilk substitutes, baby food and
ancillary breastfeeding products to be familiar with the
WHO/UNICEF Code and monitor their marketing practices
No advertising of breastmilk substitutes to the public.
No free samples to be given to mothers.
No promotion of products in health care facilities.
No gifts or personal samples to be given to health workers.
No words or pictures idealising artificial feeding, including
pictures of infants, to appear on the labels of the products.
Information to health workers should be scientific and factual.
All information on artificial infant feeding, including labels, should
explain the benefits of breastfeeding, and the costs and hazards
associated with artificial feeding.
Unsuitable products, such as sweetened condensed milk,
should not be promoted for babies.
All products should be of a high quality and take account of the
climate and storage conditions of the country
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
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22. Pharmacist role in promoting healthy
diet for pregnant women
Provide education about the importance of the health
22
benefits associated with healthy diet for proper
development of fetus
Provide patient support through advocacy of prenatal
vitamins (folic acid) and documentation of checklists
of contraindicated medications/supplements during
pregnancy
Need of dietary supplements (calcium, protein etc)
Engage parents in discussions about diet and
exercise during pregnancy
Smoking in pregnancy is associated with many foetal
and neo-natal problems such as low birth-weight, preterm delivery, placental damage, miscarriage and
sudden infant death syndrome.
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
Double the average consumption of fruit and
23. Women who are overweight or obese before they conceive
have an increased risk of complications during pregnancy
and birth. This poses health risks for both mother and baby
in the longer term
There are some foods that could be unsafe for
your baby:
Unpasteurised milk (buffalo or cow's milk) may contain
23
listeria.
Raw or undercooked meat, poultry, and eggs. These can
contain harmful bacteria. Cook all meat until there are no
pink bits left. Fully cook your eggs till they are hard.
Raw seafood, such as oysters or uncooked sushi.
Large predator fish, such as shark or swordfish as it may
contain unsafe levels of mercury. These fish absorb the
mercury from contaminated water.
Alcoholic drinks. Drinking too much alcohol can cause
physical defects, learning disabilities, and emotional
problems in children. So many experts recommend that
you give up alcohol while you are pregnant
Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
11/27/2013
Cut down on caffeine. Drinking more than 200mg of
24. IMMUNIZATION
Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an
individual's immune system becomes fortified against an
agent (known as the immunogen).
National Immunization Schedule
At Birth: BCG, Oral Polio Vaccine
6, 10 and 14 weeks: DPT, Oral polio vaccine
6 to 9 months: Oral polio vaccine
9 months – measles vaccine
15 to 18 months – DPT booster, oral polio
5 years – DPT, Oral polio
10 years – tetanus toxoid
15 years- tetanus toxoid
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Kiran Sharma, KIET School of Pharmacy
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