The document discusses the modern health and safety team. It describes the roles of a health and safety manager and other positions on the team, including safety engineer, industrial hygienist, and occupational health professionals. It outlines some of the main problems faced by health and safety managers, such as lack of commitment to safety from management and conflicts between production and safety. Finally, it discusses stress in the workplace and some strategies to help reduce stress.

2. Group Members
NUMAN KHAN (09PWMEC2837)
IRFAN ULLAH (09PWMEC2863)
NAUMAN KHAN (09PWMEC2835)
SAQIB NAWAZ (09PWMEC 2871)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
UET Peshawar

3. • The modern health and safety team
• Due to high diversity and complexity in this era of
technology Health and safety management has
become a team sport.
• The modern health and safety team is headed by
a health and safety manager.
• The team might include people in following
additional positions: safety engineer, industrial
hygienist, environmental engineer, health
physicist, occupational physician, and
occupational health nurse.

4. Health and safety
manager
Safety Environmental Industrial Health Occupational Occupational
engineer Engineer Hygienist physicist Health Nurse Physician

5. • Most important member of health and safety
team.
• The job of health and safety manger is
complex and diverse.
• Its duties ranges from hazard analysis to
accident reporting to standards/compliance to
record keeping to training emergency planning
and so on.

6. • In some companies health • Line authority means the
and safety manager might health and safety manager
be a person who also has has authority over and
other duties such as supervise employees.
production manager or • Staff authority means the
personnel manager. health and safety manager
• In this case other members is the staff person
of health and safety team responsible for a certain
are not normally company function
employees.
• Another role determinant is
the issue of authority i.e.
Line or Staff authority.
.

7. Main problems faced by health and safety
managers are as follows.
– Lack of commitment
– Production versus safety
– Gaining a Commitment to Health and safety

8. • Lack of Commitment
Modern health and safety professionals
should be prepared to confront a less than
wholehearted commitment in some companies.
• Production versus Safety
Production and safety are inversely related. If we
want to increase safety, safety related equipment
will be added to the equipment which results in low
production.
A common example is the removal of safety device
from machines as a way to speed production.

9. There are many cases where health and safety
managers have been their own worst enemy
when it comes to gaining a companywide
commitment.
Successful are those who understand the goals
of improved productivity, quality, cost, image,
service, and response time and are able to
convey their message.

10. • The modern health and safety manager must
understand the bottom line concerns of
management, supervisors, and employees and
be able to use these concerns to gain a
commitment to health and safety.
• Competitiveness comes from continually
improving a company’s productivity, quality,
cost, image, service, and response time.
• If healthy and safe environment is provided
continual improvement can easily be achieved.

11. Productivity, Quality, Cost, and Response time
• These four factors are the key to productivity
in the age of high technology and global
competitiveness.
• A company which generates maximum output
with least input is said to be Productive.
• Quality is a measure of reliability and customer
satisfaction.
• Response time is the amount of time that
elapses between order being placed and the
product being delivered.

12. • In order to compete in global marketplace,
industrial companies must continually improve
these four factors.

13. quality cost
Essential
ingredients of
competitiveness Response
Image
time

14. • These two factors are also important for
competitiveness.
• Of these two image relates more directly to
health and safety.
• Companies that establish a solid internal
image in terms of health and safety will find it
easier to attract and keep the best employees.
• Companies that establish a solid external
image with regard to environment and product
safety issues will find it easier to attract and
retain customers.

15. • Job of health and safety managers is more
complex and diverse due to advancement of
technology and new rules and regulations.
• Due to which the importance of Education and
training has been increased.
• Formal education is important for providing
foundation of related knowledge.
• In-service trainings are more effective for this
purpose.

16. • Provide database, training and other
professional literature in order to facilitate
managers.
• Some of them are :
– Certification Boards
– Professional Societies
– Scientific standards/ Testing Organization
– Government Agencies
– Trade Association

17. • Engineer has a very important role in health
and safety issues and has more effect on
health and safety than other persons.
• The most careless employee can’t cause a
fraction of problems caused by a careless
engineer.
• Engineers ability of good and bad appears
during design process.
• Not all but some engineers are design
engineers.

18. • Mechanical engineers are concerned with
motion and processes used to convert other
form of energy into motion.
• They are responsible for designing,
manufacturing, testing, and marketing devices.

19. • It is a plan of action to achieve a goal.
• Steps of design process are as follows.
– Problem identification
– Synthesis
– Analysis and evaluation
– Document and Communicate
– Produce and Deliver

20. • A vast title in workplace
• It implies the person filling the position of
degreed engineer because of formal education.
• The title also given sometime to safety
managers.
• For this title, safety related formal education is
needed not engineering.
• Industrial engineers are best as a safety
engineer.

22. What is Stress?
Stress is human reaction to the threatening
situations
It is actually the difference between the level
of occupational demand and person’s ability to
cope with this demand

23. Decreased Productivity
Higher absenteeism
Job turnovers
—Poor morale
—Stress related illnesses

24. Task complexity
Control
Feeling of responsibility
Job security
Workload demands
Psychological support
Lack of environmental safety

25.  Different categories of human reaction to
workplace stress
Emotional (anxiety , aggression, guilt)
Behavioral (being prone to accidents,
trembling )
Cognitive(inability to make decisions)

26. Psychological(increased heart rate and blood
pressure)
Organizational(absenteeism, poor
productivity)

27. Alarm
• Occurs when the stress of a threat is sensed
Symptoms: pallor, sweating, increased heart
rate
Resistance
• A greater physical response is initiated due
to prolonging of stress
• In this stage the body develops an
adaptation to the stress

28. Exhaustion
• In this stage the body’s failure occurs due to
the sustained stress.
• Psychosomatic disorder such as gastric ulcer,
colitis, rashes, autoimmune disorder may
begin during this stage

29. Subjective ratings
Behavioral time sharing
Psychophysiological techniques

30. Workers surveyed have consistently reported
lower job satisfaction with rotating shifts
Day shift workers with the same task
definitions report higher job satisfaction then
their 2nd or 3rd shift counterparts
Shift work reduces safety in terms of
weariness, irritability, depression and lack of
interest in work

31. Defining clear and accurate job descriptions
Providing relaxation methods
Allowing employees to talk freely with one
another during work
Avoiding shift work
Appreciating a humor in the workplace

32. Four conditions that produce among safety
managers
Role overload
Coping with regulatory breakdown
Communication breakdown
Competing loyalties