This document discusses quality assurance tools, specifically the seven basic tools of quality: Pareto charts, flow charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, check sheets, histograms, control charts, and scatter diagrams. It provides definitions and explanations of each tool, including their advantages and the basic steps to construct them. The purpose of these tools is to help analyze processes, identify problems, find their causes, and determine solutions to improve quality.
This document analyzes data from samples taken of a manufacturing process to determine if it is operating satisfactorily. It summarizes the sample sizes, means, and standard deviations. Hypothesis tests are run and none of the samples show evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the mean is 12. While more samples may be needed to better understand variability, the analysis shows the process means are within limits and no corrective action is currently required. Changing the significance level could result in rejecting the null hypothesis for some samples.
QUALCOMM had a record year in 2004 with increased revenue, earnings, and operating cash flows due to growing adoption of 3G CDMA technology and advanced devices. Key highlights include:
- CDMA2000 and WCDMA 3G networks expanded significantly worldwide, driving strong demand for QUALCOMM's chipsets. QUALCOMM shipped over 137 million chipsets in fiscal year 2004, more than doubling the prior year's shipments.
- Mobile data usage increased as high-speed 3G networks and BREW-enabled devices enabled new multimedia services. Over 200 million BREW applications have been downloaded.
- South Korea and Japan led the rollout of 1xEV-DO wireless broadband networks, achieving over 10
This document contains a summary and analysis of the housing market in Southwest California, including the cities of Temecula, Murrieta, Lake Elsinore, Menifee, Wildomar, and Canyon Lake. It provides data on home sales, prices, inventory levels, and market activity from 2010 to 2012. Key findings include declining home prices from 2008 to 2012, with median prices falling over 50% in some areas, as well as an increase in the percentage of short sales and bank-owned homes being sold in December 2012. Available housing inventory levels rose from 2010 to 2012 across the region.
The document discusses several quality control tools used in Lean Six Sigma including flowcharts, check sheets, histograms, Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, and control charts. It provides steps for constructing Pareto charts and cause-and-effect diagrams. Control charts are introduced as a tool for statistical process control to distinguish common from special causes of variation and measure process performance over time. Strategies are outlined for improving stable processes and addressing special causes of variation.
Amth250 octave matlab some solutions (3)asghar123456
The document contains solutions to 6 questions on interpolation and curve fitting.
Question 1 estimates life expectancies in 1977, 1983 and 1988 for two countries using polynomial interpolation and cubic spline interpolation.
Question 2 finds an interpolating function that fits given data points by solving a linear system.
Question 3 compares errors between polynomial, cubic spline and pchip cubic interpolation on a dataset and analyzes properties of cubic spline and pchip interpolants.
Question 4 plots a cubic spline interpolant and its derivatives, showing it satisfies properties of being cubic on subintervals with continuous derivatives.
Question 5 uses linear least squares to fit a linear model to some data.
Question 6 fits quadratic, exponential and power
Kerry Preete, Vice President of U.S. Crop Production at Monsanto, presented at the Banc of America Field of Dreams Tour on July 12-13, 2005. The presentation discussed Monsanto's market leadership in biotech traits, with global biotech acreage growing 11% and U.S. acreage growing 4% in 2005. It also overviewed Monsanto's pipeline of new biotech traits for corn, cotton, and soybeans that will drive continued growth and deliver value to farmers through improved yields and weed control.
The document appears to be a presentation reviewing the business performance of a company from 2003-2008. It includes graphs and data on revenues, costs, profits, sales mix, product mix, growth, and market share over this period. The presentation discusses strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and lays out a strategic plan and vision to diversify products, reengineer operations, and strengthen marketing efforts going forward.
- Gross revenue was up 2.8% over the previous quarter to R$100.5 million
- The number of registered cards grew 16.8% to 24.1 million
- Net revenue was up 16.6%, gross margin up 2.6 percentage points, and EBITDA margin up 3 percentage points over the previous quarter
This document analyzes data from samples taken of a manufacturing process to determine if it is operating satisfactorily. It summarizes the sample sizes, means, and standard deviations. Hypothesis tests are run and none of the samples show evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the mean is 12. While more samples may be needed to better understand variability, the analysis shows the process means are within limits and no corrective action is currently required. Changing the significance level could result in rejecting the null hypothesis for some samples.
QUALCOMM had a record year in 2004 with increased revenue, earnings, and operating cash flows due to growing adoption of 3G CDMA technology and advanced devices. Key highlights include:
- CDMA2000 and WCDMA 3G networks expanded significantly worldwide, driving strong demand for QUALCOMM's chipsets. QUALCOMM shipped over 137 million chipsets in fiscal year 2004, more than doubling the prior year's shipments.
- Mobile data usage increased as high-speed 3G networks and BREW-enabled devices enabled new multimedia services. Over 200 million BREW applications have been downloaded.
- South Korea and Japan led the rollout of 1xEV-DO wireless broadband networks, achieving over 10
This document contains a summary and analysis of the housing market in Southwest California, including the cities of Temecula, Murrieta, Lake Elsinore, Menifee, Wildomar, and Canyon Lake. It provides data on home sales, prices, inventory levels, and market activity from 2010 to 2012. Key findings include declining home prices from 2008 to 2012, with median prices falling over 50% in some areas, as well as an increase in the percentage of short sales and bank-owned homes being sold in December 2012. Available housing inventory levels rose from 2010 to 2012 across the region.
The document discusses several quality control tools used in Lean Six Sigma including flowcharts, check sheets, histograms, Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, and control charts. It provides steps for constructing Pareto charts and cause-and-effect diagrams. Control charts are introduced as a tool for statistical process control to distinguish common from special causes of variation and measure process performance over time. Strategies are outlined for improving stable processes and addressing special causes of variation.
Amth250 octave matlab some solutions (3)asghar123456
The document contains solutions to 6 questions on interpolation and curve fitting.
Question 1 estimates life expectancies in 1977, 1983 and 1988 for two countries using polynomial interpolation and cubic spline interpolation.
Question 2 finds an interpolating function that fits given data points by solving a linear system.
Question 3 compares errors between polynomial, cubic spline and pchip cubic interpolation on a dataset and analyzes properties of cubic spline and pchip interpolants.
Question 4 plots a cubic spline interpolant and its derivatives, showing it satisfies properties of being cubic on subintervals with continuous derivatives.
Question 5 uses linear least squares to fit a linear model to some data.
Question 6 fits quadratic, exponential and power
Kerry Preete, Vice President of U.S. Crop Production at Monsanto, presented at the Banc of America Field of Dreams Tour on July 12-13, 2005. The presentation discussed Monsanto's market leadership in biotech traits, with global biotech acreage growing 11% and U.S. acreage growing 4% in 2005. It also overviewed Monsanto's pipeline of new biotech traits for corn, cotton, and soybeans that will drive continued growth and deliver value to farmers through improved yields and weed control.
The document appears to be a presentation reviewing the business performance of a company from 2003-2008. It includes graphs and data on revenues, costs, profits, sales mix, product mix, growth, and market share over this period. The presentation discusses strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and lays out a strategic plan and vision to diversify products, reengineer operations, and strengthen marketing efforts going forward.
- Gross revenue was up 2.8% over the previous quarter to R$100.5 million
- The number of registered cards grew 16.8% to 24.1 million
- Net revenue was up 16.6%, gross margin up 2.6 percentage points, and EBITDA margin up 3 percentage points over the previous quarter
Diane Watson | Research to improve public confidence and views on quality in ...Sax Institute
Dr Diane Watson, (then International Visiting Health Services Research Fellow at the Sax Institute from the University of British Columbia, Canada) spoke with the HARC network in April 2009 about ways to strengthen public confidence in the hospital system through research and analysis.
HARC stands for the Hospital Alliance for Research Collaboration. HARC is a collaborative network of researchers, health managers, clinicians and policy makers based in NSW, Australia managed by the Sax Institute.
HARC Forums bring members of the HARC network together to discuss the latest research and analysis about important issues facing our hospitals.
For more information visit saxinstitute.org.au.
The document discusses two investments, Investment A and Investment B, showing their values over time with various growth rates applied monthly or annually. It also includes calculations of future values using different interest rates compounded over periods of 10, 20, and 30 years. The conclusion compares the final values of Investments A and B after 10 years with various shifting growth rates.
The document presents various financial calculations and scenarios involving variables such as interest rates of 8-12%, periods of 10 years, and initial values of $100 for accounts A and B that grow at compound rates. It also includes tables showing the values of accounts A and B over time under different growth rate assumptions. The conclusions reached are that account A would be worth more than account B after 10 years if A grows at 30-50% for periods while B only grows at a flat 8% rate.
The document provides data on debris collected from shorelines and waterways from various countries and islands. The data is broken down by debris type, with totals provided for each location. Some locations listed include Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, and more. Debris types counted include bags, balloons, bottles, cans, clothing and more.
1. The document discusses Wikipedia and analyzes data related to editor contributions and page views over time.
2. It finds that most edits on Wikipedia are made by a small group of elite editors, with 20% of editors contributing 80% of edits, following a Zipfian distribution.
3. The analysis also examines how reducing the number of editors impacts the amount of content on Wikipedia pages and determines that credible editors who make high quality contributions can help offset reductions in editor numbers.
The document appears to be tracking various alliances between players and the resources contributed and received by players from different mines, sawmills, and quarries. It lists 65 players down the left column and across the top it lists various resource gathering and production buildings. The intersections of the rows and columns contain numbers that seem to represent amounts of resources.
Operational Value at Risk is estimated using an Advanced Measurement Approach involving statistical modeling of operational risk loss data. Loss severity and frequency are each modeled separately using distributions like lognormal or Poisson. Monte Carlo simulation is then used to aggregate the severity and frequency distributions and estimate unexpected losses, expected losses, and the capital at risk needed to sustain operational losses exceeding expectations.
The double page spread features the indie rock band The Macabees in NME Magazine. A variety of informal, candid photos from gigs and backstage are used. The main image on the left page shows the band looking disinterested. Smaller polaroid-style images spill onto the opposite page to connect the two. Bold orange and blue colors are used throughout in a grungy style befitting the band. Mixing fonts maintain clarity while overlapping text elements enhance cohesion. The informal, colorful presentation targets NME's young, creative readership interested in indie music.
The document discusses selecting the right technology node for power efficient design. It covers topics like technology targeting, device modeling, virtual libraries, data visualization, and IP-level analysis. The presentation emphasizes the importance of critically evaluating design assumptions and transforming device models, libraries, and IP blocks from static to variable parameters to optimize for power efficiency.
The document provides an overview of the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the upper and lower extremities and the shoulder and hip girdles. It describes the key bones and joints of the pectoral girdle (shoulder blade, collarbone), upper extremity (humerus, radius, ulna, wrist, hand), pelvic girdle (hip bones), and lower extremity (femur, tibia, fibula, ankle, foot). It also compares differences between male and female skeletons, with females having a wider pelvis adapted for childbirth.
KLC Productions presents a documentary film about teen pregnancy trends in association with a university studies program. The film examines statistics on teen pregnancy rates in Victoria, Australia and associated health and socioeconomic risks for both teen mothers and their children. These risks include preterm birth, low birth weight, developmental delays, and continued intergenerational cycles of teen pregnancy. The film also explores contributing factors such as family instability, abuse, low education and socioeconomic status, and lack of sexual education and access to contraception.
El documento presenta datos sobre la producción y ventas de Ricostilla en toneladas y dólares para los años 2009, 2010 y 2011. También incluye información sobre distribuidores independientes de Ricostilla en la región Occidente de Colombia con sus respectivos volúmenes de producción y ventas.
The Morgan Legacy, Chapter V: Twists and Turnsfireflowersims
Veronica gives birth to her first child Stephen but seems disinterested in motherhood. Her sister Faye also has a daughter named Roxanne. While stargazing, Veronica is abducted by aliens, one of whom wanted to see her specifically. The alien leader apologizes and says Veronica will be returned home soon.
Ryerson University Ted Rogers School of Hospitality & Tourism ManagementJohn Gunter
On April 11th, 2012 in the Ted Rogers School of Hospitality & Tourism Management at Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, discussing Frontiers North's Corporate Social Responsibility efforts in the tourism and travel industry.
Who do you sent on the quest to succesfully launch the new business opportunities?
Who are part of the team and who will support team with the right experience and tools?
Did you check like this business innovator?
This document introduces StreetAd, a company working on a solution for digital advertising on LED displays. It discusses StreetAd's income potential and highlights the company's work over two sprints, including building a team, conducting customer validation, creating a mobile mockup, doing technical and market research, developing a database and system architecture, building a landing page, and prototyping. It also outlines next steps such as acquiring LED owners and building the system. A chart shows the team's skills growing over time from the start to after completing the two sprints.
Citizens' feedback is a tool that allows citizens to directly provide real-time feedback to their government on social service delivery and receive immediate responses. Pilot initiatives are underway in India, the Philippines, and Kenya to test technology platforms that facilitate feedback via SMS and the internet. Ongoing pilots in Nigeria track health, water, education and infrastructure issues reported by citizens in specific local government areas. For the pilots to be successfully upscaled, factors like government ownership at central and local levels, citizen empowerment through accessible technology, and transforming power dynamics through bottom-up pressure are important.
Diane Watson | Research to improve public confidence and views on quality in ...Sax Institute
Dr Diane Watson, (then International Visiting Health Services Research Fellow at the Sax Institute from the University of British Columbia, Canada) spoke with the HARC network in April 2009 about ways to strengthen public confidence in the hospital system through research and analysis.
HARC stands for the Hospital Alliance for Research Collaboration. HARC is a collaborative network of researchers, health managers, clinicians and policy makers based in NSW, Australia managed by the Sax Institute.
HARC Forums bring members of the HARC network together to discuss the latest research and analysis about important issues facing our hospitals.
For more information visit saxinstitute.org.au.
The document discusses two investments, Investment A and Investment B, showing their values over time with various growth rates applied monthly or annually. It also includes calculations of future values using different interest rates compounded over periods of 10, 20, and 30 years. The conclusion compares the final values of Investments A and B after 10 years with various shifting growth rates.
The document presents various financial calculations and scenarios involving variables such as interest rates of 8-12%, periods of 10 years, and initial values of $100 for accounts A and B that grow at compound rates. It also includes tables showing the values of accounts A and B over time under different growth rate assumptions. The conclusions reached are that account A would be worth more than account B after 10 years if A grows at 30-50% for periods while B only grows at a flat 8% rate.
The document provides data on debris collected from shorelines and waterways from various countries and islands. The data is broken down by debris type, with totals provided for each location. Some locations listed include Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, and more. Debris types counted include bags, balloons, bottles, cans, clothing and more.
1. The document discusses Wikipedia and analyzes data related to editor contributions and page views over time.
2. It finds that most edits on Wikipedia are made by a small group of elite editors, with 20% of editors contributing 80% of edits, following a Zipfian distribution.
3. The analysis also examines how reducing the number of editors impacts the amount of content on Wikipedia pages and determines that credible editors who make high quality contributions can help offset reductions in editor numbers.
The document appears to be tracking various alliances between players and the resources contributed and received by players from different mines, sawmills, and quarries. It lists 65 players down the left column and across the top it lists various resource gathering and production buildings. The intersections of the rows and columns contain numbers that seem to represent amounts of resources.
Operational Value at Risk is estimated using an Advanced Measurement Approach involving statistical modeling of operational risk loss data. Loss severity and frequency are each modeled separately using distributions like lognormal or Poisson. Monte Carlo simulation is then used to aggregate the severity and frequency distributions and estimate unexpected losses, expected losses, and the capital at risk needed to sustain operational losses exceeding expectations.
The double page spread features the indie rock band The Macabees in NME Magazine. A variety of informal, candid photos from gigs and backstage are used. The main image on the left page shows the band looking disinterested. Smaller polaroid-style images spill onto the opposite page to connect the two. Bold orange and blue colors are used throughout in a grungy style befitting the band. Mixing fonts maintain clarity while overlapping text elements enhance cohesion. The informal, colorful presentation targets NME's young, creative readership interested in indie music.
The document discusses selecting the right technology node for power efficient design. It covers topics like technology targeting, device modeling, virtual libraries, data visualization, and IP-level analysis. The presentation emphasizes the importance of critically evaluating design assumptions and transforming device models, libraries, and IP blocks from static to variable parameters to optimize for power efficiency.
The document provides an overview of the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the upper and lower extremities and the shoulder and hip girdles. It describes the key bones and joints of the pectoral girdle (shoulder blade, collarbone), upper extremity (humerus, radius, ulna, wrist, hand), pelvic girdle (hip bones), and lower extremity (femur, tibia, fibula, ankle, foot). It also compares differences between male and female skeletons, with females having a wider pelvis adapted for childbirth.
KLC Productions presents a documentary film about teen pregnancy trends in association with a university studies program. The film examines statistics on teen pregnancy rates in Victoria, Australia and associated health and socioeconomic risks for both teen mothers and their children. These risks include preterm birth, low birth weight, developmental delays, and continued intergenerational cycles of teen pregnancy. The film also explores contributing factors such as family instability, abuse, low education and socioeconomic status, and lack of sexual education and access to contraception.
El documento presenta datos sobre la producción y ventas de Ricostilla en toneladas y dólares para los años 2009, 2010 y 2011. También incluye información sobre distribuidores independientes de Ricostilla en la región Occidente de Colombia con sus respectivos volúmenes de producción y ventas.
The Morgan Legacy, Chapter V: Twists and Turnsfireflowersims
Veronica gives birth to her first child Stephen but seems disinterested in motherhood. Her sister Faye also has a daughter named Roxanne. While stargazing, Veronica is abducted by aliens, one of whom wanted to see her specifically. The alien leader apologizes and says Veronica will be returned home soon.
Ryerson University Ted Rogers School of Hospitality & Tourism ManagementJohn Gunter
On April 11th, 2012 in the Ted Rogers School of Hospitality & Tourism Management at Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, discussing Frontiers North's Corporate Social Responsibility efforts in the tourism and travel industry.
Who do you sent on the quest to succesfully launch the new business opportunities?
Who are part of the team and who will support team with the right experience and tools?
Did you check like this business innovator?
This document introduces StreetAd, a company working on a solution for digital advertising on LED displays. It discusses StreetAd's income potential and highlights the company's work over two sprints, including building a team, conducting customer validation, creating a mobile mockup, doing technical and market research, developing a database and system architecture, building a landing page, and prototyping. It also outlines next steps such as acquiring LED owners and building the system. A chart shows the team's skills growing over time from the start to after completing the two sprints.
Citizens' feedback is a tool that allows citizens to directly provide real-time feedback to their government on social service delivery and receive immediate responses. Pilot initiatives are underway in India, the Philippines, and Kenya to test technology platforms that facilitate feedback via SMS and the internet. Ongoing pilots in Nigeria track health, water, education and infrastructure issues reported by citizens in specific local government areas. For the pilots to be successfully upscaled, factors like government ownership at central and local levels, citizen empowerment through accessible technology, and transforming power dynamics through bottom-up pressure are important.
The document discusses the relationship between parents and children through a series of passages from "The Prophet". It states that children belong to life itself, not their parents, and though they come through their parents, they do not belong to them. Parents can give their children love but not thoughts or ideas, and cannot visit their souls which dwell in tomorrow. Parents should strive to be like their children but not make them like themselves, and should accept their role as the bow sending children forth as living arrows aimed by life itself.
The document discusses how when one can no longer dwell in the solitude of their heart, they rely on speech for entertainment and diversion. However, much thinking becomes stifled in excessive talking. Thought is likened to a bird that can spread its wings in words but cannot truly fly. The document also notes that some people possess truth within themselves but do not express it in words, and instead their spirit dwells in rhythmic silence within their bosom.
My preso on foodies' new media.
Content:
short digital media theory / slide #9
20+ best practices:
delivery / slide #17
recipes discovery / slide #21
celeb’s new home / slide #28
community / slide #36
venue discovery / slide #41
The document advocates for teaching PDHPE (Personal Development Health and Physical Education) in primary schools by arguing that it focuses on developing the whole student to become responsible citizens by addressing current issues like obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and safety risks through a games and sports-based curriculum that promotes healthy eating and an active lifestyle while also improving educational outcomes.
MeasureWorks - Velocity Conference Europe - Performance Automation 101MeasureWorks
This document provides performance metrics for over 100 websites tested on various browsers. Key findings include:
- Internet Explorer 7 and 8 had significantly slower page load times than other browsers for many sites.
- Page load time differences between browsers correlated with differences in conversion rates and revenue for sites. Faster sites on all browsers could lead to increased orders and revenue.
- Building a business case for optimization, companies could estimate hours and costs for a DIY approach versus an automated solution, and correlate expected speed improvements to increased traffic, orders and revenue over time.
The document appears to be a presentation in Japanese about Wikipedia and its usage statistics. Some key points discussed include:
1. Age demographics of Wikipedia users, with the highest percentage being ages 25-34.
2. A graph showing usage trends of Wikipedia and blogs over time, with Wikipedia usage steadily increasing.
3. Metrics on the number of Wikipedia editors, articles, data storage usage, and pages viewed per second.
4. Methods for measuring credibility of Wikipedia editors, such as reliability degree based on edits over time.
The presentation provides an overview and analysis of Wikipedia usage and editor statistics.
This document analyzed 179 Australian junior mineral exploration companies that listed on the ASX between 2001-2006. It found that on average, these companies raised $4 million at IPO to fund a 2-year exploration program, with 67% for exploration and 33% for offering costs and overheads. By 2008, 44% traded below their IPO price, 3% even, and 53% above. Success rates were low, with only around 5% becoming miners based on company count or 1% based on project count. The typical junior exploration float model carried high risks with low success rates.
This document summarizes website analytics data from October 1 to December 31, 2010. It shows that the site received 3,177 visits from 2,112 unique visitors over this period. The bounce rate was 54.14% and 33.26% of visitors exited the site from the first page. The top performing pages included /Home.aspx, /manufacturer/Lexmark.aspx, and /home.aspx.
Nearly 900 million handheld computers are expected to be in use by 2015. How relevant is this shift to mobile and the growth of apps? Benedict Evans, consultant with media & technology analyst firm Enders Analysis, believes we are in a fundamental transition in the way we use digital
The document summarizes statistics from Gilt Groupe, a members-only flash sale site, including:
1) In 2010, Gilt Groupe had over 20,000 members and sold 19,415 products, with 92% of available products sold.
2) A chart shows Gilt Groupe's membership growth from 2010 to present, reaching over 1 million members currently.
3) The document asks what challenges Gilt Groupe may face going forward as the company continues to grow rapidly.
The Presentation covers the topics like Introduction to Pareto Chart, 80-20 rule, examples, when to use Pareto, and how to draw a pareto chart on excel.
- In 2008, Sunoco reported net income before special items of $874 million and earnings per share of $7.46. Refining margins improved in the second half of the year as crude oil prices declined sharply.
- In 4Q08, Sunoco reported net income before special items of $313 million and EPS of $2.68. Refining margins were strong early in the quarter but declined along with product demand as economic conditions weakened. Retail marketing delivered record contributions in 4Q08.
- Sunoco's net debt to capital ratio increased to 37% at the end of 2008 due to higher debt levels and lower equity values, compared to 27% at the end of 2007. However, the company
The document provides details of a proposed calcium phosphate manufacturing project including location, manpower requirements, installed and proposed production capacities, financial projections, and key assumptions. Key highlights include:
- The project will be located 50km from Hyderabad and require 100 personnel with power and water utilities.
- Installed annual capacity is 4000MT each for feed-grade and IP-grade calcium phosphate. Production is projected to ramp up from 60% utilization in year 1 to 80% by year 3.
- Total project cost is estimated at Rs. 572 lakhs to be funded via promoters' equity, an equity issue, and a term loan. Working capital requirements are also provided.
- D
We’d like to share with you the announcement related to our Q4 2011 earnings. We’ll also be live sharing the earnings call both from LinkedIn’s Company Page and our @linkedin account, starting 2PM today, Feb 9.
Online buying in India picked up momentum in 2011, with 60 million regular internet users and 17 million online buyers. Non-travel product purchases like mobile phones, computers, and consumer electronics outpaced travel purchases. Most online buyers used cash on delivery (41%) or net banking (42%). While the number of online buyers grew significantly each quarter, unique buyers only reached around 2 million per month, indicating many repeat buyers. Credit card penetration among internet users also remained relatively low.
The document discusses noise and vibration hazards in the workplace. It defines sound and noise, and distinguishes noise from vibration. It classifies industrial noise into three types and lists hazards from noise exposure such as hearing loss, increased blood pressure, and distraction. The document recommends engineering and administrative controls to reduce noise levels and employee exposure. It also covers vibration hazards like motion sickness and injuries, and prevention methods like using low vibration tools and limiting exposure time.
The document outlines a maintenance plan for a 227MW combined cycle power plant owned by Engro Powergen Qadirpur Ltd. It discusses the primary maintenance efforts, including for controls, combustion, turbines, generators and other balance of plant systems. It provides details on maintenance recommendations and inspections for gas turbine components like hot gas path parts, rotors, combustion parts, and describes major inspection processes. Regular maintenance following the manufacturer's guidelines is emphasized as key to maximizing gas turbine availability.
This document discusses maintenance procedures at Pakistan Ordinance Factories (POF). POF produces arms and ammunition and has over 25,000 employees. It uses two main maintenance procedures: preventive maintenance through regular scheduled checks and services, and corrective maintenance for breakdowns. Preventive maintenance has three schedules - Schedule A is every 3 months, Schedule B is annually, and Schedule C is for reconditioning. Corrective maintenance handles daily breakdowns as needed.
The document discusses electrical hazards. It defines electrical hazards as any potential or actual threat due to electricity to the well-being of people, machinery, or the environment. It lists types of electrical hazards such as electric shock, burns, and arc blasts. It provides examples of workplace electrical hazards like damaged power lines, exposed conductors, and improper grounding. It also discusses sources of electrical hazards such as working with unearthed or improperly grounded electrical equipment.
This document discusses fire hazards and classifications. It identifies the three elements of the fire triangle as fuel, heat, and oxygen. Fires are classified into different classes including Class A for solid materials like wood, plastic, and paper; Class B for flammable liquids and gases; Class C for electrical fires; and Class D for combustible metals. Special categories include spontaneously combustible materials and hypergolic reactions. To prevent fires, the key steps are to isolate the fire triangle elements, eliminate ignition sources, properly store flammables, restrict smoking, and periodically check electrical circuits.
The document discusses the modern health and safety team. It describes the roles of a health and safety manager and other positions on the team, including safety engineer, industrial hygienist, and occupational health professionals. It outlines some of the main problems faced by health and safety managers, such as lack of commitment to safety from management and conflicts between production and safety. Finally, it discusses stress in the workplace and some strategies to help reduce stress.
The document describes solar ponds, which are large shallow bodies of water arranged to have reversed temperature gradients compared to normal ponds. Solar ponds consist of three layers - an upper convective zone, a non-convecting zone, and a lower convective zone. The salinity and temperature increase with depth in the non-convecting zone, inhibiting convection and providing insulation. Heat is stored in the lower convecting zone at temperatures 40-50°C above ambient. Solar ponds can be used for electric power generation, desalination, and space or water heating.
This document discusses quality assurance tools, specifically the seven basic tools of quality: Pareto charts, flow charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, check sheets, histograms, control charts, and scatter diagrams. It provides definitions and explanations of each tool, including their advantages and the basic steps to construct them. The purpose of these tools is to help analyze processes, identify problems, find their causes, and determine solutions to improve quality.
This document summarizes a student group's mini manufacturing project to design and build a gear box assembly. It describes the objectives of gaining experience with lab machines and manufacturing processes. It lists the group members and project title. It then explains the components of the gear box, the machines used in the manufacturing processes, and calculations for the gear dimensions and speed ratios. The assembly, testing and results are outlined, showing how different output speeds can be achieved by engaging different gears.
The operational plan outlines how a group led by Fawad Khan will implement their action and monitoring plans. It defines who will perform key tasks, day-to-day activities, and addresses issues like suppliers, labor requirements, and raw materials. The presentation then discusses the importance of having an operational plan and how to write one that clearly defines capacity needs, engagement of resources, risk management, and sustainability. Key components that should be covered in an operational plan are then outlined.
The document discusses different forms of business organization including proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. It describes the key characteristics of each structure such as ownership, liability, management control, taxes, and other attributes. The optimal structure depends on factors like the capital needs, goals for control and decision making, tax implications, and ability to raise funds for the business. Later sections cover establishing an effective management team, board of directors, and organizational design.
This document discusses key aspects of developing a marketing plan, including conducting market research, defining the target market through segmentation, establishing objectives and goals, and outlining the marketing strategy and mix. It emphasizes the importance of gathering secondary and primary data to understand customer needs and the competitive landscape. The marketing plan should provide a clear strategy to meet objectives and be flexible enough to adapt to changing market conditions.
The document outlines an operational plan for a steel mill company called Rather & Khan steel mills. It discusses the organization of the company as a partnership between Manzoor and Yasir Khan. It describes the production of 100 tons of steel bars per month using a rolling technique taking 30-35 minutes per unit. It discusses distributing the steel bars using their own delivery facility and storing products. The plan also addresses utilizing appropriate technology for functions like accounting, ordering, and inventory management.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
2. Learning Objectives
• Learn the theory and method of use of the
seven tools of quality needed in process
analysis and problem-solving techniques
• Seven tools of quality
• Pareto charts
• Flow charts
• Cause-and-effect diagram
• Check sheet
• Histograms
• Control charts
• Scatter diagrams
3. Pareto Chart
• Method of prioritizing problems or causes
by frequency of occurrence or cost
• Based in the 80-20 rule:
• 80% of the problem is caused by 20% of the
sources
• “Vital few” and “trivial many”
• Depicted by a vertical bar graph arranged from
left to right descending order
4. Advantages of a Pareto Chart
• Focuses efforts on problems with greatest
potential for improvement
• Distinguishes the critical causes from the less
significant causes
• Helps prevent “shifting the problem” where the
solution removes some causes but worsens
others
5. Advantages of a Pareto Chart (cont.)
• Measure the impact of improvement projects
when comparing charts “before” and “after”
• The chart shows the relative importance of
problems in a simple, quickly interpreted,
visual format.
• Progress is measured in a highly visible format
that provides incentive to push on for more
improvement.
6. Steps to Build a Pareto Chart
• Identify problem
• Choose categories that will be monitored
• Choose the most meaningful unit of measurement
• Frequency
• Cost
• Determine time period
• Long enough to represent situation
• Scheduled time to collect data is typical of a workday
7. Steps to Build a Pareto Chart (cont.)
• Collect data
• Compare the frequency of each category
• Draw chart:
• List the categories on the horizontal line
• Descending order, from left to right
• Frequencies on the vertical line
8. Steps to Build a Pareto Chart (cont.)
• Draw the cumulative percentage line showing
categories contribution
• Optional
• Draw vertical line on the right side of the chart
• Plot cumulative values from left to right
• Interpret results
• Tallest bar represents biggest contributor
• Perform analysis of category that has the “most
impact”
9. Cum %
Example of a Pareto Chart 100 %
97%
91%
79%
61%
Frequency
30 50 %
35%
20
24
10 18
12
8
4 2
0
Late Wrong Missing Dam aged Wrong Not received
delivery product parts container address
Delivery complains
10. Further analysis using Pareto charts
• Major cause breakdown:
• Tallest bar is broken down into sub-causes
30
20
24
10 18
12
8
4 2
0
Late delivery Wrong product Missing parts Dam aged Wrong Not received
container address
8
6
4
8
6 4 4
2
2
0
Missing address Driver mistake Late Transportation Administrative
documentation problems delays
Late delivery
11. Further analysis using Pareto charts
•Before and after:
• New Pareto bars are drawn side-by-side
with the original Pareto showing effect of change
25
24
20
18
15
12
10
10 10
8 8
5
4 4
3 2 1
0
Late Wrong Missing Dam aged Wrong Not
delivery product parts container address received
Before After
12. Further analysis using Pareto charts
•Change measurement scale:
• Same categories are used but measured
differently. Typically cost and frequency.
• This exercise defines the category of “most impact”.
$3,000
30
$2,500
25
$2,000
20
$1,500
15 $ 2 , 50 0
24
$1,000 $1, 8 50
10 18
$ 1, 2 0 0
12 $500
5 8
$8 0 0
4 $2 2 0 $2 0 0
2 $0
0
Late Wrong Missing Dam aged Wrong Not received Wrong product Not received Missing parts Wrong Damaged Late delivery
delivery product parts container address address container
Delivery com plains Cost/month
13. Flow Charts
• Pictorial representation of the steps and decision
points in a process.
• Flow charts are used to identify the actual path
of a product or service.
• Flow charts show:
• Sequential work activities
• Inputs for each action
• Outputs from each activity
14. Advantages of a Flow Chart
• Provide common understanding of how a
process works.
• Identifies problem areas, unexpected complexity,
redundancies, and areas of potential improvement
• Serves as a training aid
• Provides basis for documentation.
• Identifies location where additional data can be
collected and investigated
15. Symbols of a Flow Chart
Shows an activity performed in the process
Shows a point in the process where a Yes/No
question is being asked or a decision is required
Identifies a break in the flow chart and is continued
A elsewhere on the same page or another page
Shows the flow of the process
Shows the beginning and end process
16. Steps to Build a Flow Chart
• List the basic steps of the process.
• Determine the logical sequence of the steps.
• Identify the inputs of each step.
• Determine the outputs of each step.
• Draw the chart using the symbols to show the
actions and decisions.
17. Example of a Flow Chart
Team is given task
to write procedure Review
draft
yes Complete Send to
Develop Draft
Final Release
outline approved
version Dept.
No
Complete Revise Draft Release
draft with changes procedure
18.
19. Cause and Effect Analysis
• Pictorial representation of all possible causes
contributing to a problem.
• Developed by Dr.Kaoru Ishikawa
•Also known as “Fishbone” or “Ishikawa” diagrams
20. Advantages of a Cause and Effect Diagram
• Clearly illustrates the various causes affecting a
process:
• Relationship between these causes
• Where are they occurring
• Helps in finding the most basic cause of the
problem
• Motivates team members participation
21. Steps to Build a Cause and Effect Diagram
• Place problem statement in a box to the right-hand
side of the paper.
• Select the major cause or categories and place them
to the left of the problem statement.
• 4 M’s (Production process):
• Materials
• Manpower
• Machinery/equipment
• Method
• 4 P’s (Service process):
• Policies
• Procedures
• People
• Plant / equipment
22. Steps to Build a Cause and Effect Diagram
(cont.)
• Draw a box around each category and connect
to a line pointing out towards the problem statement.
• Using the brainstorming technique, generate ideas
of causes, on the major categories.
• Record these ideas on a line off the applicable
major category line.
23. Steps to Build a Cause and Effect Diagram
(cont.)
• For each cause listed on the diagram, ask “why
does this happen?”.
• For each response, ask the same question.
• Each successive answer is another possible cause
• Look for causes that repeat across major cause
categories.
• Ensure all team members agree on the problem
and causes statements.
24. Example of a Cause and Effect Diagram
Machinery/equipment Manpower
Drivers don’t
Unreliable trucks Show up
Drivers get lost
Not enough trucks
Wrong address
Not capacity for on shipper
peak periods
Database Input error
Late deliveries
Poor dispatching Run out of
products
Poor handling of Poor planning
large orders
Lack of
Lack of training
training
Method Material
25.
26. Check Sheets
• Tool used to record and compile frequency of
observations as they occur
• Used for Pareto charts and histograms
• Design varies depending on information needed
27. Advantages of a Check Sheet
• Patterns of information are clearly detected
and shown
• Easy-to-understand data from a simple process
• Based on facts, not opinions
• Forces agreement on the definition of each
condition
28. Steps to Build a Check Sheet
• Agree on the definition of the events or conditions
to observe.
• Decide who will collect the data.
• Determine the time period.
• Design a check sheet form that is clear and
easy to use.
• Define Source of information.
• Determine Content of information.
• Collect data consistently and accurately.
29. Example of a Check Sheet
Project: Defects on fastener installation Performed by: John Doe
Location: Cost Center 727 Reason: Defect reduction
Time period: W/E 4/23/04
Type of defects 4/19 4/20 4/21 4/22 4/23 Total
Gapped fasteners 15 15 12 10 14 66
Missing fasteners 3 0 0 1 1 5
Damaged fasteners 8 3 12 8 4 35
Defective fasteners 12 3 5 3 6 29
Total 38 21 29 22 25 135
30. Histograms
• Graphical representations of the frequency
distribution of data in bar form.
• Summarizes data from a process that has been
collected over a period of time
• Provide a quick representation of the “spread”
and “centering” of a process
31. • Histogram Defined
– A histogram is a bar graph that shows
frequency data.
– Histograms provide the easiest way to evaluate
the distribution of data.
32. Advantages of a Histogram
• Display large amounts of data that are difficult
to interpret in a tabular form
• Show the relative frequency of occurrences of the
various data values
• Reveal the variation, centering, and distribution
shape of the data
• Very useful when calculating capability of a process
• Helps predict future performance of a process
33. Steps to Build a Histogram
• Collect data for analysis.
• At least 50 to 100 data points
• Use historical data to find patterns or to use as
a baseline for past performance
• Determine the range of the data set.
• Smallest value subtracted from largest value
• Determine quantity of categories.
• Take the square root of total number of data
points and round to nearest whole number
34. Steps to Build a Histogram (cont.)
• Determine each category’s data point.
• Mid-point of each category
• Plot data on a vertical bar-graph.
• Frequency on Y-axis
• Categories on X-axis
• For each class interval, draw bar with the
the height equal to frequency count
36. Control Charts
• Line graph of measurements of a process overtime
that has statistically based control limits placed on it
• Process control charts monitor and display variations
in a process output.
• Control limits are based on process variation
• Define expected variation range due to common causes
• +/- three standard deviations from centerline
• Centerline represents the average of all
measurements used
37. Types of Control Charts
• Two primary types are:
• Control charts for variables:
• Most used: X –R
• X is average values
• R is range
• Others: Run charts, moving range charts (MX –MR charts)
• Control charts for attributes:
• p chart: fraction defective
• np chart: number of defectives
• c chart: number of defects
38. Advantages of Control Charts
• Focuses attention on detecting and monitoring
process variation over time
• Distinguishes “special” from “common” causes
• Helps predict performance of a process
• Helps improve a process to perform consistently
• Provides a common language to discuss process
behavior
39. Steps to Build a Control Chart
• Select the process to be charted.
• Determine type of chart.
• Determine sampling method and plan.
• Initiate data collection.
• Calculate control limits and centerline.
• Build the control chart.
• Plot data.
• Interpret results.
40. Example of a Control Chart Point out-of-control
(out of the control limits boundaries)
Data plot
Upper control limit
3 std.deviations
Centerline
3 std.deviations
Lower control limit
41. Scatter Diagrams
• Chart used to identify the possible relationship
between two process characteristics
• Advantages of the scatter diagram
• Provides visual and statistical means to test the
strength of a potential relationship
• Provides a good follow-up to the cause and effect
diagram to find out if there is a connection between
the cause and the effect
42. Steps to Build a Scatter Diagram
• Collect 50 – 100 paired samples of data.
• Construct a data sheet.
• Draw the Y-axis and the X-axis of the diagram.
• Plot the data on the diagram.
43. Example of a Scatter Diagram
Variable 2
Variable 1
44. Summary
• The seven tools of quality discussed in this module
are considered to make up the fundamental
continuous improvement toolkit.
• It is the intent of this course to touch basis on these
tools and not to study them in depth.
• Depth analysis of these theories is considered subject
for another course.
45. RUN CHARTS
• Run Charts Defined
– Run charts are used to
analyze processes
according to time or
order.
46. RUN CHARTS
• Creating a Run Chart
– Gathering Data
• Some type of process or operation must be available to take
measurements for analysis.
– Organizing Data
• Data must be divided into two sets of values X and Y. X values represent
time and values of Y represent the measurements taken from the
manufacturing process or operation.
– Charting Data
• Plot the Y values versus the X values.
– Interpreting Data
• Interpret the data and draw any conclusions that will be beneficial to the
process or operation.
47. RUN CHART
• An Example of Using a
Run Chart
– An organization’s desire is
to have their product arrive
to their customers on time,
but they have noticed that it
doesn’t take the same
amount of time each day of
the week. They decided to
monitor the amount of time
it takes to deliver their
product over the next few
weeks.
Editor's Notes
It motivates team members participation.
Example of a Scatter Diagram The scatter diagram shows that variable 1 increases as variable 2 increases. This is a case of a positive relationship. In the event that variable 1 decreases as variable 2 increases, then both variables have a negative relationship. The same is true if variable 1 increases as variable 2 decreases.