COSMECEUTICAL OF HERBAL AND NATURAL ORIGINPooja Suridia
This document discusses cosmeceuticals of herbal and natural origin. It defines cosmeceuticals as cosmetic products with bioactive ingredients that have medical benefits. Herbal cosmeceuticals use plant extracts to treat skin issues. Some advantages of herbal cosmetics over synthetic include being natural, safe, suitable for all skin types, and having no side effects. The document also discusses hair growth formulations using various herbal ingredients and evaluating their effects on hair growth in rats. Formulations for fairness creams using plant extracts like Glycyrrhiza glabra are also presented.
Unit I: Plant Drug Cultivation
General introduction to the importance of
Pharmacognosy in herbal drug industry, Indian Council of
Agricultural Research, Current Good Agricultural Practices,
Current Good Cultivation Practices, Current Good Collection
Practices, Conservation of medicinal plants- Ex-situ and Insitu
conservation of medicinal plants.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste: Compared with marketed prepa...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are Camphor, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, relative density-10.2, pH-8.2, Extrudability-90.37, spredability- Good and stable formulation. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated herbal tooth paste exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.7 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. the outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and detal health of public.
Strychnine is a toxic alkaloid found in the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. It acts as a central nervous system stimulant that binds to glycine receptors in the spinal cord, causing muscle contractions and ultimately death by asphyxiation. While highly toxic, strychnine was historically used as a pesticide for rodents and insects. Today its only minor medicinal use is as a stimulant and appetite enhancer in very small doses. The document provides details on the source, isolation, chemical properties, identification tests, derivatives and toxicity of strychnine.
This document discusses tracer techniques used to study biosynthetic pathways in plants. Tracer techniques involve incorporating radioactive isotopes or stable isotopes into presumed precursors of plant metabolites. This allows researchers to trace intermediates and steps in pathways over time. Various techniques are described such as precursor-product sequence, double labeling, competitive feeding, and sequential analysis. Tracer techniques provide high sensitivity and can be applied to all living organisms to study topics like terpenoid biosynthesis, formation of secondary metabolites, and nutrient uptake in plants.
The document discusses the herbal drug industry and infrastructure requirements for herbal drug manufacturing facilities. It defines herbs and herbal drugs, noting their advantages like being non-toxic with few side effects. It describes the infrastructure of a model herbal drug company, including qualified personnel, extraction and formulation units, and GMP-compliant manufacturing of various dosage forms. It outlines infrastructure requirements for buildings, water supply, waste disposal, container cleaning, and raw material, packaging, and finished goods storage. Machinery needs are listed for different herbal drug categories.
The document discusses various types of herbal teas and plants including green tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea, flax seed, black cohosh, and turmeric. It provides information on the biological source, family, chemical constituents, cultivation methods, and nutraceutical values of each plant. The key points covered are the plants' origins in Asia and other regions, components like polyphenols and fatty acids, uses to support heart health, anti-inflammatory properties, and roles in traditional medicine for women's health issues.
The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization. Women are obsessed with looking beautiful. So, they use various beauty products that have herbs to look charming and young. Indian herbs and its significance are popular worldwide. An herbal cosmetic have growing demand in the world market and is an invaluable gift of nature. Herbal formulations always have attracted considerable attention because of their good activity and comparatively lesser or nil side effects with synthetic drugs. Herbs and spices have been used in maintaining and enhancing human beauty.
COSMECEUTICAL OF HERBAL AND NATURAL ORIGINPooja Suridia
This document discusses cosmeceuticals of herbal and natural origin. It defines cosmeceuticals as cosmetic products with bioactive ingredients that have medical benefits. Herbal cosmeceuticals use plant extracts to treat skin issues. Some advantages of herbal cosmetics over synthetic include being natural, safe, suitable for all skin types, and having no side effects. The document also discusses hair growth formulations using various herbal ingredients and evaluating their effects on hair growth in rats. Formulations for fairness creams using plant extracts like Glycyrrhiza glabra are also presented.
Unit I: Plant Drug Cultivation
General introduction to the importance of
Pharmacognosy in herbal drug industry, Indian Council of
Agricultural Research, Current Good Agricultural Practices,
Current Good Cultivation Practices, Current Good Collection
Practices, Conservation of medicinal plants- Ex-situ and Insitu
conservation of medicinal plants.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Toothpaste: Compared with marketed prepa...roshan telrandhe
The aimed of current research to formulate herbal toothpaste utilizing plant extract like Neem leaves, Guava leaves, Cinnamon bark other ingredient are Camphor, Honey. The plant extract ingredient posses the anti-bacterial. The herbal toothpaste formulated which can satisfy all the required condition to keep the mouth fresh and prevent tooth decay by bacteria. The formulated herbal toothpaste compared with marketed preparation. Physical examination: Colour-greenish brown, smooth in nature, relative density-10.2, pH-8.2, Extrudability-90.37, spredability- Good and stable formulation. The anti-microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus reveal that formulated herbal tooth paste exhibited notable activity with ZOI of 19.7 mm at MIC of 25μg/mL. the outcome of this research herbal toothpaste shows equal patronizing and engrossing passion over the marketed preparation it was consider after the comparing the marketed preparation(Colgate, Dabour Red, Dantkanti) with formulated herbal toothpaste. It has been good scope in future dental research and detal health of public.
Strychnine is a toxic alkaloid found in the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. It acts as a central nervous system stimulant that binds to glycine receptors in the spinal cord, causing muscle contractions and ultimately death by asphyxiation. While highly toxic, strychnine was historically used as a pesticide for rodents and insects. Today its only minor medicinal use is as a stimulant and appetite enhancer in very small doses. The document provides details on the source, isolation, chemical properties, identification tests, derivatives and toxicity of strychnine.
This document discusses tracer techniques used to study biosynthetic pathways in plants. Tracer techniques involve incorporating radioactive isotopes or stable isotopes into presumed precursors of plant metabolites. This allows researchers to trace intermediates and steps in pathways over time. Various techniques are described such as precursor-product sequence, double labeling, competitive feeding, and sequential analysis. Tracer techniques provide high sensitivity and can be applied to all living organisms to study topics like terpenoid biosynthesis, formation of secondary metabolites, and nutrient uptake in plants.
The document discusses the herbal drug industry and infrastructure requirements for herbal drug manufacturing facilities. It defines herbs and herbal drugs, noting their advantages like being non-toxic with few side effects. It describes the infrastructure of a model herbal drug company, including qualified personnel, extraction and formulation units, and GMP-compliant manufacturing of various dosage forms. It outlines infrastructure requirements for buildings, water supply, waste disposal, container cleaning, and raw material, packaging, and finished goods storage. Machinery needs are listed for different herbal drug categories.
The document discusses various types of herbal teas and plants including green tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea, flax seed, black cohosh, and turmeric. It provides information on the biological source, family, chemical constituents, cultivation methods, and nutraceutical values of each plant. The key points covered are the plants' origins in Asia and other regions, components like polyphenols and fatty acids, uses to support heart health, anti-inflammatory properties, and roles in traditional medicine for women's health issues.
The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as ancient as mankind and civilization. Women are obsessed with looking beautiful. So, they use various beauty products that have herbs to look charming and young. Indian herbs and its significance are popular worldwide. An herbal cosmetic have growing demand in the world market and is an invaluable gift of nature. Herbal formulations always have attracted considerable attention because of their good activity and comparatively lesser or nil side effects with synthetic drugs. Herbs and spices have been used in maintaining and enhancing human beauty.
This document discusses several natural health drinks including acai berry juice, green tea, goji berry juice, noni fruit juice, amla juice, and wheatgrass juice. It describes the source and botanical information for each drink, provides their nutritional composition, and lists their various health benefits such as increased energy, improved immune function, antioxidant effects, and more. The document concludes by citing several references for further information on the health impacts of these natural beverages.
Senna glycoside is a type of anthraquinone glycoside found in senna leaves. It consists mainly of dimeric anthracene glycosides called sennosides. Sennosides include sennoside A, B, C and D which contain rhein and/or emodin anthrones joined by C-C bonds. Their purgative effects are due to the anthracene aglycones which are released in the large intestine. Hydroxylation and the degree of oxidation impact activity. Glycosylation allows transport to the intestine. Senna preparations are used as laxatives and cathartics and work by stimulating intestinal peristalsis.
Herbal formulations – current challenges in upgradation and modernization Jasmine Kaur
This document discusses challenges facing the herbal medicine industry in India. It notes that while India has a large number of medicinal plants and a herbal industry worth $10 billion annually, it only has 2% of the global herbal market share due to several key issues. These include a lack of scientific validation and standardization of herbal medicines, limited quality regulation, insufficient evidence-based studies on efficacy and safety, and a lack of pharmacokinetic research on herbal compounds. Addressing these challenges would help India capture a larger share of the global herbal market.
This document provides an overview of the herbal industries in India. It discusses the growing demand for herbal medicines and products due to their lower costs and side effects compared to Western pharmaceuticals. India has a long history of using herbs in Ayurvedic medicine and is a major supplier of herbs globally. The document outlines the various sectors of the herbal industry in India including traditional Ayurvedic medicines, essential oils, cosmetics, and health supplements. It provides examples of some of the major companies in the herbal industry in India such as Dabur, Baidyanath, Himalaya Drug Company, and Vicco Laboratories.
This document summarizes the biological evaluation of plant-derived drug molecules digoxin and digitoxin. It discusses that biological evaluation is used when drugs cannot be fully evaluated by chemical and physical methods alone. The response of a test drug is compared to a standard preparation using living systems, and activity is measured in International Units. Digoxin and digitoxin are cardiac glycosides obtained from Digitalis plants that act as cardio-tonic agents, increasing heart muscle tone, excitability and contractility. Their isolation, biosynthesis, structure-activity relationships, and uses are described.
Isolation, industrial production of phytoconstituents by Pooja Khanpara POOJA KHANPARA
The document provides information on the phytochemical screening and analysis of various herbal drugs and compounds. It discusses the isolation, identification, and estimation methods for several anthraquinone glycosides found in senna, as well as the isolation of compounds like diosgenin from fenugreek, rutin, atropine, reserpine, morphine, ephedrine, and caffeine. Various extraction, hydrolysis, chromatography, and spectroscopic techniques are described for isolating and analyzing the chemical constituents from different plant materials.
This document discusses herbal cosmetics and their classification. It defines herbal cosmetics as beauty products that use herbal ingredients to provide physiological benefits like skin healing and conditioning. Herbal cosmetics can be classified by dosage form (oils, creams, etc.) or the body part they are applied to (skin, hair, nails). Common herbal ingredients used in skin care, hair care and oral care are discussed, along with their therapeutic properties and uses.
Current Challenges in Upgrading and Modernization of Herbal DrugsParthSharma227
Current challenges in upgrading and modernizing herbal formulations include issues related to quality control and standardization, processing and harvesting techniques, lack of regulations and clinical research, and intellectual property rights. In order to expand India's small share of the global herbal market, the herbal industry must address these challenges by improving agricultural practices, innovating quality control methods, integrating traditional and modern knowledge, and establishing international quality standards for herbal drugs and formulations.
2. To study effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motility Experiment .pptxsampharma12584
This document provides details on three methods to study the effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motility:
1) Using frog tissue to measure the time it takes particles to move through the buccal cavity under different drug treatments.
2) Using isolated guinea pig ileum tissue in an organ bath to observe drug effects on contractions.
3) Measuring colon motility changes in anesthetized rats in response to drugs using a pressure catheter.
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACOGNOSTICAL TECHNOLOGY
Herbal drug industry: Infrastructure of herbal drug industry
involved in production of standardized extracts and various
dosage forms. Current challenges in upgrading and
modernization of herbal formulations. Entrepreneurship
Development, Project selection, project report, technical
knowledge, Capital venture, plant design, layout and construction.
Pilot plant scale –up techniques, case studies of herbal extracts.
Formulation and production management of herbals.
This document discusses raw materials and natural preservatives commonly used in herbal cosmetics. It provides examples of raw materials such as aloe vera gel, lavender essential oil, coconut oil, and kaolin clay. It also discusses natural preservatives like rosemary extract, grapefruit seed extract, neem extract, tea tree oil, and lavender oil that are used to extend the shelf life of herbal cosmetic products while ensuring their natural and organic composition is maintained. The document emphasizes the importance of natural preservatives in developing sustainable and eco-friendly herbal cosmetic formulations.
This document discusses the formulation of toothpaste. It begins by outlining the requirements and purposes of toothpaste, which include cleaning teeth, polishing teeth, and reducing tooth decay. It then describes the main ingredients in toothpaste, such as cleaning agents, surfactants, humectants, sweetening agents, flavors, and pH regulators. Example ingredients and their functions are provided. The document also presents formulations for different types of toothpaste, such as anti-cavity and whitening toothpastes. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of oral hygiene habits like brushing, flossing, and using fluoride to maintain oral health and minimize problems.
Monographs of herbal drugs: General parameters of
monographs of herbal drugs and comparative study in IP, USP,
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, Siddha and Unani Pharmacopoeia,
American herbal pharmacopoeia, British herbal pharmacopoeia,
WHO guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugs.
This document discusses herbs and herbal medicines. It defines herbs as leafy or flowering parts of plants used for culinary, medicinal, or spiritual purposes. Herbal medicines can be raw plant materials, processed plant materials, or herbal medicinal products. The document emphasizes the importance of properly identifying, authenticating, and processing herbal raw materials to ensure safety and efficacy of the final herbal product.
This document discusses the herbal drug industry in India. It provides an overview of:
- The growing trend toward herbal medicines and India's role as a source of medicinal plants
- The scope and size of the herbal drug market in India, which is growing at 20-25% annually
- Infrastructure requirements for herbal drug manufacturing facilities, including space allocation, environmental factors, and quality control processes
- Good manufacturing practices (GMP) that must be followed to ensure quality standards are met
Herbs, Herbal Drugs
Present Scope of Herbal Drug Industry
Scope of Herbal Drug Medicine and Industry
Indian Herbal Industry
International Scope of Herbal Medicines
World Wide Herbal Trade
Overview on plant based industries and research institutions in India
List of few herbal drug industries in India
List of few herbal research institution/ centres in India
General Introduction to Herbal Industry
Herbal drugs industry: Present scope and future prospects.
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and
aromatic plants in India.
The document presents information on marine natural products. It discusses how marine organisms like algae, sponges and corals produce biologically active compounds with properties like anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. It describes methods used to isolate and purify compounds from marine sources, as well as challenges in marine drug research like taxonomic identification and chemical screening. Recent advances in marine drugs for conditions like cancer, inflammation and infections are also summarized. Finally, it briefly discusses marine toxins produced by some marine species that can cause illnesses in humans.
Benzoin is a balsamic resin obtained from incisions made on several species of Styrax trees native to Southeast Asia. There are two main types - Sumatra benzoin from Styrax benzoin and Siam benzoin from Styrax tonkinesis. Sumatra benzoin contains a higher amount of benzoic and cinnamic acids which give it an aromatic odor. Siam benzoin contains mainly coniferyl benzoate and has a vanilla-like odor. Both types are used as expectorants and antiseptics in preparations like compound tincture of benzoin. They are also used industrially to add fragrance to products.
This document describes the formulation and evaluation of a metformin HCl gastroretentive floating sustained release tablet. The tablet was formulated using the wet granulation technique and contained both effervescent and non-effervescent systems. HPMC K100 was used as the swellable polymer responsible for floating (non-effervescent system) and sodium bicarbonate was used as the effervescent agent. Various tests were conducted to authenticate the drug including melting point determination, log P value determination, and solubility studies. Tablets were evaluated for properties such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, friability, weight variation, and in vitro drug release, which showed maximum release of 99
Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentative floating sustained releasedme...Sagar Savale
The Metformin HCL Gastroretentative Floating Sustained released Tablet is formulated by the Wet
Granulation technique. This Tablet is containing both Effervescent as well as Non Effervescent system. The
HPMC K 100 Swellable polymer is responsible for the Floating. (Non-Effervescent system) and The Sodium
Bicarbonate is responsible for the effervescent system. A combination of HPMC K 100 and Xanthum Gum
shows better sustained release activity. The Prepared Gastroretentative Floating Sustained released Tablet is
Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index and, weight variation test,
friability test and in vitro study, Total Floating Time. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to
Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The weight variation and friability these values are
within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies show Maximum percentage of release of drug
(99.25) within end of 8 Hours.
This document discusses several natural health drinks including acai berry juice, green tea, goji berry juice, noni fruit juice, amla juice, and wheatgrass juice. It describes the source and botanical information for each drink, provides their nutritional composition, and lists their various health benefits such as increased energy, improved immune function, antioxidant effects, and more. The document concludes by citing several references for further information on the health impacts of these natural beverages.
Senna glycoside is a type of anthraquinone glycoside found in senna leaves. It consists mainly of dimeric anthracene glycosides called sennosides. Sennosides include sennoside A, B, C and D which contain rhein and/or emodin anthrones joined by C-C bonds. Their purgative effects are due to the anthracene aglycones which are released in the large intestine. Hydroxylation and the degree of oxidation impact activity. Glycosylation allows transport to the intestine. Senna preparations are used as laxatives and cathartics and work by stimulating intestinal peristalsis.
Herbal formulations – current challenges in upgradation and modernization Jasmine Kaur
This document discusses challenges facing the herbal medicine industry in India. It notes that while India has a large number of medicinal plants and a herbal industry worth $10 billion annually, it only has 2% of the global herbal market share due to several key issues. These include a lack of scientific validation and standardization of herbal medicines, limited quality regulation, insufficient evidence-based studies on efficacy and safety, and a lack of pharmacokinetic research on herbal compounds. Addressing these challenges would help India capture a larger share of the global herbal market.
This document provides an overview of the herbal industries in India. It discusses the growing demand for herbal medicines and products due to their lower costs and side effects compared to Western pharmaceuticals. India has a long history of using herbs in Ayurvedic medicine and is a major supplier of herbs globally. The document outlines the various sectors of the herbal industry in India including traditional Ayurvedic medicines, essential oils, cosmetics, and health supplements. It provides examples of some of the major companies in the herbal industry in India such as Dabur, Baidyanath, Himalaya Drug Company, and Vicco Laboratories.
This document summarizes the biological evaluation of plant-derived drug molecules digoxin and digitoxin. It discusses that biological evaluation is used when drugs cannot be fully evaluated by chemical and physical methods alone. The response of a test drug is compared to a standard preparation using living systems, and activity is measured in International Units. Digoxin and digitoxin are cardiac glycosides obtained from Digitalis plants that act as cardio-tonic agents, increasing heart muscle tone, excitability and contractility. Their isolation, biosynthesis, structure-activity relationships, and uses are described.
Isolation, industrial production of phytoconstituents by Pooja Khanpara POOJA KHANPARA
The document provides information on the phytochemical screening and analysis of various herbal drugs and compounds. It discusses the isolation, identification, and estimation methods for several anthraquinone glycosides found in senna, as well as the isolation of compounds like diosgenin from fenugreek, rutin, atropine, reserpine, morphine, ephedrine, and caffeine. Various extraction, hydrolysis, chromatography, and spectroscopic techniques are described for isolating and analyzing the chemical constituents from different plant materials.
This document discusses herbal cosmetics and their classification. It defines herbal cosmetics as beauty products that use herbal ingredients to provide physiological benefits like skin healing and conditioning. Herbal cosmetics can be classified by dosage form (oils, creams, etc.) or the body part they are applied to (skin, hair, nails). Common herbal ingredients used in skin care, hair care and oral care are discussed, along with their therapeutic properties and uses.
Current Challenges in Upgrading and Modernization of Herbal DrugsParthSharma227
Current challenges in upgrading and modernizing herbal formulations include issues related to quality control and standardization, processing and harvesting techniques, lack of regulations and clinical research, and intellectual property rights. In order to expand India's small share of the global herbal market, the herbal industry must address these challenges by improving agricultural practices, innovating quality control methods, integrating traditional and modern knowledge, and establishing international quality standards for herbal drugs and formulations.
2. To study effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motility Experiment .pptxsampharma12584
This document provides details on three methods to study the effect of drugs on gastrointestinal motility:
1) Using frog tissue to measure the time it takes particles to move through the buccal cavity under different drug treatments.
2) Using isolated guinea pig ileum tissue in an organ bath to observe drug effects on contractions.
3) Measuring colon motility changes in anesthetized rats in response to drugs using a pressure catheter.
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACOGNOSTICAL TECHNOLOGY
Herbal drug industry: Infrastructure of herbal drug industry
involved in production of standardized extracts and various
dosage forms. Current challenges in upgrading and
modernization of herbal formulations. Entrepreneurship
Development, Project selection, project report, technical
knowledge, Capital venture, plant design, layout and construction.
Pilot plant scale –up techniques, case studies of herbal extracts.
Formulation and production management of herbals.
This document discusses raw materials and natural preservatives commonly used in herbal cosmetics. It provides examples of raw materials such as aloe vera gel, lavender essential oil, coconut oil, and kaolin clay. It also discusses natural preservatives like rosemary extract, grapefruit seed extract, neem extract, tea tree oil, and lavender oil that are used to extend the shelf life of herbal cosmetic products while ensuring their natural and organic composition is maintained. The document emphasizes the importance of natural preservatives in developing sustainable and eco-friendly herbal cosmetic formulations.
This document discusses the formulation of toothpaste. It begins by outlining the requirements and purposes of toothpaste, which include cleaning teeth, polishing teeth, and reducing tooth decay. It then describes the main ingredients in toothpaste, such as cleaning agents, surfactants, humectants, sweetening agents, flavors, and pH regulators. Example ingredients and their functions are provided. The document also presents formulations for different types of toothpaste, such as anti-cavity and whitening toothpastes. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of oral hygiene habits like brushing, flossing, and using fluoride to maintain oral health and minimize problems.
Monographs of herbal drugs: General parameters of
monographs of herbal drugs and comparative study in IP, USP,
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, Siddha and Unani Pharmacopoeia,
American herbal pharmacopoeia, British herbal pharmacopoeia,
WHO guidelines in quality assessment of herbal drugs.
This document discusses herbs and herbal medicines. It defines herbs as leafy or flowering parts of plants used for culinary, medicinal, or spiritual purposes. Herbal medicines can be raw plant materials, processed plant materials, or herbal medicinal products. The document emphasizes the importance of properly identifying, authenticating, and processing herbal raw materials to ensure safety and efficacy of the final herbal product.
This document discusses the herbal drug industry in India. It provides an overview of:
- The growing trend toward herbal medicines and India's role as a source of medicinal plants
- The scope and size of the herbal drug market in India, which is growing at 20-25% annually
- Infrastructure requirements for herbal drug manufacturing facilities, including space allocation, environmental factors, and quality control processes
- Good manufacturing practices (GMP) that must be followed to ensure quality standards are met
Herbs, Herbal Drugs
Present Scope of Herbal Drug Industry
Scope of Herbal Drug Medicine and Industry
Indian Herbal Industry
International Scope of Herbal Medicines
World Wide Herbal Trade
Overview on plant based industries and research institutions in India
List of few herbal drug industries in India
List of few herbal research institution/ centres in India
General Introduction to Herbal Industry
Herbal drugs industry: Present scope and future prospects.
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and
aromatic plants in India.
The document presents information on marine natural products. It discusses how marine organisms like algae, sponges and corals produce biologically active compounds with properties like anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. It describes methods used to isolate and purify compounds from marine sources, as well as challenges in marine drug research like taxonomic identification and chemical screening. Recent advances in marine drugs for conditions like cancer, inflammation and infections are also summarized. Finally, it briefly discusses marine toxins produced by some marine species that can cause illnesses in humans.
Benzoin is a balsamic resin obtained from incisions made on several species of Styrax trees native to Southeast Asia. There are two main types - Sumatra benzoin from Styrax benzoin and Siam benzoin from Styrax tonkinesis. Sumatra benzoin contains a higher amount of benzoic and cinnamic acids which give it an aromatic odor. Siam benzoin contains mainly coniferyl benzoate and has a vanilla-like odor. Both types are used as expectorants and antiseptics in preparations like compound tincture of benzoin. They are also used industrially to add fragrance to products.
This document describes the formulation and evaluation of a metformin HCl gastroretentive floating sustained release tablet. The tablet was formulated using the wet granulation technique and contained both effervescent and non-effervescent systems. HPMC K100 was used as the swellable polymer responsible for floating (non-effervescent system) and sodium bicarbonate was used as the effervescent agent. Various tests were conducted to authenticate the drug including melting point determination, log P value determination, and solubility studies. Tablets were evaluated for properties such as bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, friability, weight variation, and in vitro drug release, which showed maximum release of 99
Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentative floating sustained releasedme...Sagar Savale
The Metformin HCL Gastroretentative Floating Sustained released Tablet is formulated by the Wet
Granulation technique. This Tablet is containing both Effervescent as well as Non Effervescent system. The
HPMC K 100 Swellable polymer is responsible for the Floating. (Non-Effervescent system) and The Sodium
Bicarbonate is responsible for the effervescent system. A combination of HPMC K 100 and Xanthum Gum
shows better sustained release activity. The Prepared Gastroretentative Floating Sustained released Tablet is
Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index and, weight variation test,
friability test and in vitro study, Total Floating Time. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to
Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The weight variation and friability these values are
within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies show Maximum percentage of release of drug
(99.25) within end of 8 Hours.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Paracetamol Using Oa...inventionjournals
Paracetamol is a slightly water soluble drug belongs to BCS Class IV, used in various pain managements & in management of fever. The drug solubility was increased by solid dispersion method, in which two techniques namely physical mixing and co-grinding were tried at the ratios of 1:0.25, 1:0.5 & 1:0.75 for paracetamol to oats powder. Various parameters like pre & post compressional parameters were tested and final formula was selected based on disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution profile. Where, all the formulations were dispersed bellow 92 seconds and F6 formulation was showing 100% release at 20th minute and faster compared to the marketed formulation. F6 was prepared by co-grinding technique, at 1:0.75 paracetamol to oats powder ratio. F6 is showing zero-order drug release and mechanism of release is Super case – II transport (n = 0.9738). All the formulations were prepared using direct compression method, a conventional method of preparation
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Paracetamol Using Oa...inventionjournals
Paracetamol is a slightly water soluble drug belongs to BCS Class IV, used in various pain managements & in management of fever. The drug solubility was increased by solid dispersion method, in which two techniques namely physical mixing and co-grinding were tried at the ratios of 1:0.25, 1:0.5 & 1:0.75 for paracetamol to oats powder. Various parameters like pre & post compressional parameters were tested and final formula was selected based on disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution profile. Where, all the formulations were dispersed bellow 92 seconds and F6 formulation was showing 100% release at 20th minute and faster compared to the marketed formulation. F6 was prepared by co-grinding technique, at 1:0.75 paracetamol to oats powder ratio. F6 is showing zero-order drug release and mechanism of release is Super case – II transport (n = 0.9738). All the formulations were prepared using direct compression method, a conventional method of preparation
Formulation and evaluation of fast-disintegrating tablets of FlupirtineijperSS
ABSTRACT
Recent developments in fast-dissolving or disintegrating tablets have brought convenience in dosing to elderly and children who have trouble in swallowing tablets. The main objective of the present study was to prepare the orally disintegrating tablets of Flupirtine, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) using different superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Different concentrations (4%, 8%, and 10%) of super disintegrants such as Primogel, Kollidon Cl, Lycoat were used in the formulation. Mannitol was used as a bulking agent and to enhance the mouth feel and taste. The formulated tablets were evaluated for pre-formulation and post-formulation parameters and they were found to be satisfactory and within the official limits. All the tablets shown hardness 3-4.5kg/cm2, friability of all the formulations was less than 1%, weight variation and drug content were found to be within official limits. Amongst all formulations, the optimized formulation F9 was prepared with Lycoat as a super disintegrant showed least disintegration time and faster dissolution.
Key words: Flupirtine, fast-disintegrating tablet, direct compression method, superdisintegrants.
The document describes preparing and evaluating paracetamol granules using the wet granulation method. Key steps in the wet granulation process are outlined, including weighing and sifting powders, blending, wet granulation, drying, dry screening, and lubrication. Granules containing 500mg of paracetamol per tablet are prepared and submitted. The granules are then evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, Hausner's ratio, Carr's compressibility index, and angle of repose to determine flow properties before compression into tablets.
The student completed a work placement at the Medway School of Pharmacy where they investigated methods to improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. In the first part of the project, the student tested different types of coating materials (aerosil 50, 130, 200, 300, 380) while keeping other variables constant. Testing in a dissolution apparatus showed that smaller surface area coating materials resulted in better drug release. In the second part, the student investigated changing the excipient (carrier material) while keeping other factors the same.
This document provides a list of experiments for an industrial pharmacy lab, including preparation and evaluation of various dosage forms like tablets, capsules, injections, syrups, and creams. The first experiment is on preformulation studies of prepared granules, involving determination of properties like bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr's index, and particle size distribution. The procedures for each parameter are described. Key results from the preformulation studies are summarized.
Formulation and evaluation ofmetformin HCl micro beads by ionotropic gelation...Sagar Savale
The Metformin HCL Micro Beads is formulated by the Ionotropic Gelation Method. The CMC is a Swellable
polymer is responsible for the Sustained release action or activity. A combination of CMC (Carboxy Methyl
Cellulose) and Sodium Alginate shows better sustained release activity. The PreparedSustained released Micro
Beadsis Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index, Swelling Index, Drug
Content, % Encapsulation Efficiency and vitro study. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to
Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The Drug Content and % Encapsulation Efficiency values are
within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies shows Maximum percentage of release of drug
(71.15) with in end of 4 Hours.
Evaluation Optimized Chewing Gum Formulations against Commercial Chlorphenira...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This document summarizes research evaluating optimized chewing gum formulations of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) compared to a commercial CPM tablet. CPM chewing gums were prepared using various compositions of gum base and lecithin by direct compression. Soya lecithin was found to act as a plasticizer and increase drug release as its concentration increased. The optimized formulations were characterized through melting point determination, UV spectroscopy, FTIR, DSC, and in vitro drug release testing. No drug-excipient interactions were observed. The chewing gums showed potential as an alternative delivery system for CPM.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
1. The document describes the formulation and evaluation of prolonged release metformin hydrochloride tablets. Tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation methods using polymers like Polyox-303 to sustain the release of the drug.
2. Tablets were evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters. In-vitro dissolution and stability studies showed that the formulations had a controlled release of the drug over an extended period of time.
3. The optimized formulation was stable for 1 month under accelerated conditions as per ICH guidelines.
Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive ciprofloxacin hcl effervescent ...Sagar Savale
Ciprofloxacin HCL is an effervescent Tablet is made by Wet Granulation Method. Ciprofloxacin is a broad
spectrum Fluroquinolon antibiotics. Is mainly used for various Bacterial Infections. In this tablet bitter taste
was masked by saccharine as sweeting agent furthermore the effervescent effect of citric acid, tartaric acid
and sodium bicarbonate lead to Effervescent activity by realising the CO2 Molecule. Tablets are rapidly
dissolved and rapidly absorbed and give maximum activity. The Prepared Effervescent Tablet is Evaluated
In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index and, hardness test, weight variation
test, friability test and in vitro study. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to Satisfactory and
having a good free flowing property. The hardness, weight variation, and friability these values are within
the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies show Maximum percentage of release of drug
(99.26) with in end of 5 min.
naltrexone and buropion RP-HPLC best research paper award 2014 Naveen Chennamaneni
This document presents a study that developed and validated a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of naltrexone and bupropion. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and was able to separate naltrexone and bupropion peaks within 5 minutes using a C18 column and mobile phase of pH 4.5 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile. The method was linear, precise, accurate, specific, and sensitive for determining naltrexone and bupropion concentrations in the presence of degradation products formed under ICH-recommended stress conditions.
ABSTRACT
Hyperglycemia is the technical term for high blood glucose (sugar). It
happens when the body has too little or not enough insulin or when the
body can‘t use insulin properly. The main objective of the present
research work was to develop a bilayer tablet of immediate release
Pioglitazone and controlled release Metformin Hydrochloride, which is
used as an Anti-hyperglycemic agent. Metformin Hydrochloride has
biological half-life nearly about 6 hours, so, an attempt was made in
the direction of preparation and optimization of a combination of
sustained release and immediate release in a single tablet. In controlled
release layer natural gums like xanthum gum, gum trgacanth and guar
gum were used as retarding materials and in immediate release laye
croscarmellose sodium was used as a superdisintegrent to give the faster release of
pioglitazone. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method and by direct
compression. Granules were evaluated for precompression parameters and the tablets were
evaluated for post compression parameters.
Key Words: Bilayer tablets, Metformin Hydrochloride, pioglitazone, xanthum gum, guar
gum, gum tragacanth and crosscarmellose sodium.
This document discusses the formulation and evaluation of calcium alginate beads loaded with diclofenac sodium. The objective is to develop an extended release dosage form of diclofenac sodium to reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by maintaining therapeutic drug levels. Calcium alginate beads are prepared using an ionotropic gelation method by dropping sodium alginate solution containing diclofenac sodium into calcium chloride solution, resulting in crosslinking and formation of beads. The beads are evaluated for drug release using dissolution studies.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Development and evaluation of a novel twice daily cup core metformin hydrochl...SriramNagarajan19
The study was undertaken with an aim to formulate develop and evaluation of a novel twice daily core cup of Metformin hydrochloride(Antidiabetic drug) tablets using different grades and weight of HPMC polymers as release retarding agent. Granules were evaluated for tests Bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio before being punched as tablets. Tablets were tested for weight variation, thickness, hardness and friability as per official procedure. F-2 was found to be 73.90. From the above results and discussion it is concluded that formulation of Cup core tablet of containing Metformin hydrochloride HPMC K 4M & 215: 230 (in mg) can be taken as an ideal or optimized formulation of sustained release tablets for 12hour release as it fulfills all the requirements for sustained release tablet and our study encourages for the further clinical trials on this formulation. The core in cup tablets of Metformin hydrochloride were prepared by wet granulation method, they were evaluated for weight variation, friability, hardness, and thickness for all batches (F1 – F9). No significant difference was observed in the weight of individual tablets from the average weight. The weight variation tests were performed according to the procedure given in the pharmacopoeia. In a weight variation test, pharmacopoeial limit of tablet for percentage deviation is 5%. The average percentage deviation of all tablet formulation was found to be within the pharmacopoeial limit and hence all formulation passed the test for uniformity of weight.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Adulteration and Deterioration: Introduction, Types of
Adulteration/ Substitution of Herbal drugs, Causes and Measures
of Adulteration, Sampling Procedures, Determination of Foreign
Matter, DNA Finger printing techniques in identification of drugs of
natural origin, detection of heavy metals, pesticide residues, phytotoxin, microbial contamination in herbs and their
formulations.
This document provides an overview of primary and secondary plant metabolites presented by Mrs. Poonam Nilesh Chougule. It discusses primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, and lipids, giving examples of each including their sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic uses, and commercial applications. It also introduces secondary metabolites, describing how they are formed through biochemical pathways in plants. Examples of different classes of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics are provided.
Herbal/natural cosmetics, Classification &
Economic aspects. Regulatory Provisions relation to manufacture of cosmetics: -
License, GMP, offences & Penalties, Import & Export of
Herbal/natural cosmetics, Industries involved in the production of Herbal/natural cosmetics.
Toxicity and Regulations: Herbals vs
Conventional drugs, Efficacy of Herbal medicine products, Validation of herbal therapies, Pharmacodynamic and
Pharmacokinetic issues.
Content:
Pharmacovigilance of drugs of natural origin:
WHO and AYUSH guidelines for safety monitoring of natural medicine, Spontaneous reporting schemes for bio drug adverse reactions, bio drug-drug and bio drug-food interactions with suitable examples.
Patents: Indian and international patent laws, proposed
amendments as applicable to herbal/natural products and
process. Geographical indication, Copyright, Patentable subject
maters, novelty, non obviousness, utility, enablement and best
mode, procedure for Indian patent filing, patent processing, grant
of patents, rights of patents, cases of patents, opposition and
revocation of patents, patent search and literature, Controllers of
patents.
Nutraceuticals: Current trends and future scope, Inorganic
mineral supplements, Vitamin supplements, Digestive enzymes,
Dietary fibres, Cereals and grains, Health drinks of natural origin,
Antioxidants, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Herbs as functional
foods, Formulation and standardization of neutraceuticals,
Regulatory aspects, FSSAI guidelines,
Sources, name of marker
compounds and their chemical nature, medicinal uses and health
benefits of following
i) Spirulina ii) Soya bean iii) Ginseng iv) Garlic v) Broccoli VI)
Green and Herbal Tea vii) Flax seeds viii) Black cohosh ix)
Turmeric.
Establishing a herbal drug industry requires navigating complex regulatory requirements related to safety, efficacy, quality and public health. Key aspects include complying with Good Manufacturing Practices, obtaining product licenses by submitting data on safety and efficacy to regulatory authorities, adhering to labeling and packaging guidelines, implementing quality control testing, monitoring adverse events, and ensuring compliance with international standards such as those of the International Conference on Harmonisation. Meeting these regulatory standards contributes to the success, credibility and public health impact of the herbal drug industry.
Marine natural products: General methods of isolation and
purification, Study of Marine toxins, Recent advances in research
in marine drugs, Problems faced in research on marine drugs
such as taxonomical identification, chemical screening and their
solution.
The document discusses various concepts and techniques used in phytochemistry including modern extraction methods like maceration, percolation, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. It also covers isolation and purification techniques like fractional crystallization, distillation and sublimation. Methods of separation like paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and various spectroscopy techniques for identification are summarized.
The document describes various methods for isolating, identifying, and analyzing phytochemical constituents from plants. It discusses sample collection and preparation, different extraction techniques including maceration, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. It also covers isolation methods like fractional crystallization, distillation, and chromatography. Specific examples provided include the isolation of caffeine from tea, atropine from belladonna, sennosides from senna, diosgenin from Dioscorea, menthol from mint, and curcumin from turmeric. Tests for identifying these compounds involve color reactions, melting point determination, and thin layer chromatography.
This document provides an overview of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, lignans, and specific examples such as Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, tea leaves. It discusses the biological sources, chemical constituents, uses, and important compounds found in these secondary metabolites and examples.
The document discusses various metabolic pathways in plants including primary and secondary metabolites. It describes the shikimic acid pathway and its role in synthesizing aromatic amino acids. The acetate/mevalonate pathway and its role in terpenoid biosynthesis is also covered. Various techniques used to study these pathways are outlined, including the use of radioactive isotopes as tracers to investigate biosynthesis through precursor-product relationships. The summary focuses on the key metabolic pathways and tracer techniques discussed in the document.
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1. By
Mrs. Poonam N. Chougule
Assistant Professor and HOD of Pharmacognosy department
AMCP, Peth- Vadgaon.
2. Aim: To prepare and evaluate
nutraceutical tablet.
Materials- Clove, cinnamon were received from local market. All
other ingredients such as mannitol, magnesium stearate and talc
were purchased form Central Drug House(CDH) New Delhi,
India. All ingredients used were of analytical grade.
Method-
Nutraceutical tablet containing clove and cinnamon were
prepared by direct compression method. Other ingredients like
lactose was used as diluent , magnesium stearate as lubricants
and talc as glidant. All the excipients along with API weighed as
shown in table and passed through sieve no. 20. Then , all
ingredients were mixed following geometric mixing excluding
glidant and lubricant thoroughly for 15 min.
the powder blend was thoroughly mixed with talc and
magnesium stearate and compressed into a 400mg tablet using
single rotatory punching machine.
4. Evaluation of Nutraceutical Tablets
Pre- compression studies of powder blend-
In the development of new dosage form pre
formulation study is the prior step in the potential
drug development . It is the principal investigation in
the drug development to obtained information on the
known properties of compound and the proposed
development schedule.
following pre-compressional parameters were studied
like Angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density,
compressibility indices etc.
5. Angle of repose-
It is a maximum angle that can be obtained between
free standing surface of powder heap and the
horizontal plane. It was determined the by using fixed
funnel method. Specific amount of powder drug was
transferred to the funnel keeping the orifice of the
funnel blocked by thumb. When powder was cleared
from funnel then measure its angle of repose and it
measured in Ѳ.
Angle of repose = tan - 1 height / radius
6. Bulk density
It is the ratio of bulk mass of powder to the bulk
volume. It is denoted by ṗḃ.
Bulk density is used to find out homogenecity.
Bulk density = M / Vb
Where, M is the mass of sample
and Vb is bulk volume
7. Tapped density
It is the ratio of weight of powder to the minimum
volume occupied in measuring cylinder.
Tapped density is determined by placing a graduated
cylinder containing known mass of drug or
formulation of a mechanical tapper apparatus which is
operated at fixed the number of taps(1000), until the
Powder bed reached a minimum volume.
Tapped density = Weight of powder blend/ minimum
volume occupied by cylinder.
8. Compressibility Indices
Carr’s index - Based on the apparent bulk density and
tapped density, The percentage compressibility of powder
mixture was determined by the following formula.
Carr’s index = Tapped density - bulk density * 100 /tapped
density.
Hausner's ratio -
It is an indirect index to ease of measuring powder flow.
Lower Hausner's ratio indicates better flow properties than
higher ones.
Hausner ratio = Tapped density / bulk density
9. Post-compressional studies of
prepared nutraceutical tablets-
The nutraceutical tablets were evaluated for various
parameters after consideration of formulation to overcome
errors during formulation, preparation these are like-
Physical appearance
Thickness
Weight variation
Hardness and
Friability
In-vitro drug release-
Dissolution test
Disintegration test etc.