This slide explains about the detailed view hardware architecture which includes CPUs, GPUs, Interconnect networks and applications used by the summit supercomputer
Summit or OLCF-4 is a supercomputer developed by IBM for use at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, capable of 200 petaFLOPS, making it the second fastest supercomputer in the world. Its current LINPACK benchmark is clocked at 148.6 petaFLOPS. ( As of June 24 2021 )
NVIDIA compute GPUs and software toolkits are key drivers behind major advancements in machine learning. Of particular interest is a technique called "deep learning", which utilizes what are known as Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) having landslide success in computer vision and widespread adoption in a variety of fields such as autonomous vehicles, cyber security, and healthcare. In this talk is presented a high level introduction to deep learning where we discuss core concepts, success stories, and relevant use cases. Additionally, we will provide an overview of essential frameworks and workflows for deep learning. Finally, we explore emerging domains for GPU computing such as large-scale graph analytics, in-memory databases.
https://tech.rakuten.co.jp/
Reinforcement learning is a machine learning technique that involves trial-and-error learning. The agent learns to map situations to actions by trial interactions with an environment in order to maximize a reward signal. Deep Q-networks use reinforcement learning and deep learning to allow agents to learn complex behaviors directly from high-dimensional sensory inputs like pixels. DQN uses experience replay and target networks to stabilize learning from experiences. DQN has achieved human-level performance on many Atari 2600 games.
This document discusses best practices for setting up development and test sets for machine learning models. It recommends that the dev and test sets:
1) Should reflect the actual data distribution you want your model to perform well on, rather than just being a random split of your training data.
2) Should come from the same data distribution. Having mismatched dev and test sets makes progress harder to measure.
3) The dev set should be large enough, typically thousands to tens of thousands of examples, to detect small performance differences as models are improved. The test set size depends on desired confidence in overall performance.
The document provides information on the Crusoe processor developed by Transmeta Corp. It summarizes that the Crusoe processor is a 128-bit microprocessor designed for mobile devices where low power consumption is required. It operates at 500-700 MHz and uses Transmeta's code morphing software and long run power management technologies. The document outlines the Crusoe processor family, its VLIW hardware architecture, long run power management features, and architecture. It also discusses where Transmeta could expand its applications in the future.
This document introduces machine learning in Python using Scikit-learn. It discusses machine learning basics and algorithm types including supervised and unsupervised learning. Scikit-learn is presented as a popular Python tool for machine learning tasks with simple and efficient APIs. An example web traffic prediction problem is used to demonstrate how to load and prepare data, select and evaluate models, and analyze underfitting and overfitting issues. The document concludes that Python and Scikit-learn make machine learning tasks accessible.
Data Science, Machine Learning and Neural NetworksBICA Labs
Lecture briefly overviewing state of the art of Data Science, Machine Learning and Neural Networks. Covers main Artificial Intelligence technologies, Data Science algorithms, Neural network architectures and cloud computing facilities enabling the whole stack.
Summit or OLCF-4 is a supercomputer developed by IBM for use at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, capable of 200 petaFLOPS, making it the second fastest supercomputer in the world. Its current LINPACK benchmark is clocked at 148.6 petaFLOPS. ( As of June 24 2021 )
NVIDIA compute GPUs and software toolkits are key drivers behind major advancements in machine learning. Of particular interest is a technique called "deep learning", which utilizes what are known as Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) having landslide success in computer vision and widespread adoption in a variety of fields such as autonomous vehicles, cyber security, and healthcare. In this talk is presented a high level introduction to deep learning where we discuss core concepts, success stories, and relevant use cases. Additionally, we will provide an overview of essential frameworks and workflows for deep learning. Finally, we explore emerging domains for GPU computing such as large-scale graph analytics, in-memory databases.
https://tech.rakuten.co.jp/
Reinforcement learning is a machine learning technique that involves trial-and-error learning. The agent learns to map situations to actions by trial interactions with an environment in order to maximize a reward signal. Deep Q-networks use reinforcement learning and deep learning to allow agents to learn complex behaviors directly from high-dimensional sensory inputs like pixels. DQN uses experience replay and target networks to stabilize learning from experiences. DQN has achieved human-level performance on many Atari 2600 games.
This document discusses best practices for setting up development and test sets for machine learning models. It recommends that the dev and test sets:
1) Should reflect the actual data distribution you want your model to perform well on, rather than just being a random split of your training data.
2) Should come from the same data distribution. Having mismatched dev and test sets makes progress harder to measure.
3) The dev set should be large enough, typically thousands to tens of thousands of examples, to detect small performance differences as models are improved. The test set size depends on desired confidence in overall performance.
The document provides information on the Crusoe processor developed by Transmeta Corp. It summarizes that the Crusoe processor is a 128-bit microprocessor designed for mobile devices where low power consumption is required. It operates at 500-700 MHz and uses Transmeta's code morphing software and long run power management technologies. The document outlines the Crusoe processor family, its VLIW hardware architecture, long run power management features, and architecture. It also discusses where Transmeta could expand its applications in the future.
This document introduces machine learning in Python using Scikit-learn. It discusses machine learning basics and algorithm types including supervised and unsupervised learning. Scikit-learn is presented as a popular Python tool for machine learning tasks with simple and efficient APIs. An example web traffic prediction problem is used to demonstrate how to load and prepare data, select and evaluate models, and analyze underfitting and overfitting issues. The document concludes that Python and Scikit-learn make machine learning tasks accessible.
Data Science, Machine Learning and Neural NetworksBICA Labs
Lecture briefly overviewing state of the art of Data Science, Machine Learning and Neural Networks. Covers main Artificial Intelligence technologies, Data Science algorithms, Neural network architectures and cloud computing facilities enabling the whole stack.
This presentation contains an introduction to reinforcement learning, comparison with others learning ways, introduction to Q-Learning and some applications of reinforcement learning in video games.
The document discusses reinforcement learning, including Q-learning. It provides an overview of reinforcement learning, describing what it is, important machine learning algorithms for it like Q-learning, and how Q-learning works in theory and practice. It also discusses challenges of reinforcement learning, potential applications, and links between reinforcement learning algorithms and human psychology.
Published on 11 may, 2018
Chainer is a deep learning framework which is flexible, intuitive, and powerful.
This slide introduces some unique features of Chainer and its additional packages such as ChainerMN (distributed learning), ChainerCV (computer vision), ChainerRL (reinforcement learning), Chainer Chemistry (biology and chemistry), and ChainerUI (visualization).
Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches to deal with finding an optimal reward based policy to act in an environment (Charla en Inglés)
However, what has led to their widespread use is its combination with deep neural networks (DNN) i.e., deep reinforcement learning (Deep RL). Recent successes on not only learning to play games but also superseding humans in it and academia-industry research collaborations like for manipulation of objects, locomotion skills, smart grids, etc. have surely demonstrated their case on a wide variety of challenging tasks.
With application spanning across games, robotics, dialogue, healthcare, marketing, energy and many more domains, Deep RL might just be the power that drives the next generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents!
Dr. iur.Pedro Bejarano Alomia, LL.M. - Neonaticide - Doctoral ThesisFritz Lang
Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht die Frage, inwieweit sich die
Rechtslage in Bezug auf die Problematik der Kindstötung nach
Abschaffung des § 217 StGB a. F. durch das 6.
Strafrechtsreformgesetz geändert hat. Daher thematisiert die
folgende Arbeit kriminologische, rechtsgeschichtliche,
strafrechtsdogmatische und rechtsvergleichende Aspekte der
Tötung von Neugeborenen durch die Mutter. Im Ergebnis lässt
sich feststellen, dass die kriminologische Erfassung der Tötung
von Kindern einer präziseren Terminologie bedarf. Insofern sollte
die Tötung eines Neugeborenen seitens der Mutter durch den
Begriff Neonatizid bezeichnet werden. Eine sinnvolle
strafrechtliche und kriminologische Behandlung des Phänomens
Neonatizid erfordert zudem nicht nur einen aktiven
interdisziplinären Dialog, sondern auch dessen
rechtsgeschichtliches Verständnis. Ein weiteres Fazit der Arbeit
besagt, dass Neonatizid eine Übergansstellung zwischen dem
Tatbestand des Schwangerschaftsabbruchs und dem
allgemeinen Tötungsverbot des §212 darstellt. Demzufolge
könnte man darüber nachdenken, ob es nicht sachgerecht wäre,
eine Neuregelung für Neonatizid zu schaffen, deren Strafrahmen
vielmehr dem des Schwangerschaftsabbruchs als dem des
Totschlags angenähert würde. Zur Thematik der Menschwerdung
im Strafrecht lässt sich erklären, dass die ersatzlose Streichung
des § 217 a. F. an der traditionellen Zäsur Geburt nichts geändert
hat.
This document provides an overview of supervised learning concepts including:
- The steps in formulating a supervised learning problem including collecting labeled data, choosing a model and evaluation metric, and an optimization method.
- The dangers of overfitting when measuring performance on training data and the solution of splitting data into training and testing sets.
- An overview of Python libraries and frameworks commonly used for data science and machine learning tasks like the Scikit-learn, NumPy, Pandas, and TensorFlow libraries.
NumPy is a Python library that provides multidimensional array and matrix objects to perform scientific computing. It contains efficient functions for operations on arrays like arithmetic, aggregation, copying, indexing, slicing, and reshaping. NumPy arrays have advantages over native Python sequences like fixed size and efficient mathematical operations. Common NumPy operations include elementwise arithmetic, aggregation functions, copying and transposing arrays, changing array shapes, and indexing/slicing arrays.
Classification by back propagation, multi layered feed forward neural network...bihira aggrey
Classification by Back Propagation, Multi-layered feed forward Neural Networks - Provides a basic introduction of classification in data mining with neural networks
The document proposes a scalable AI accelerator ASIC platform for edge AI processing. It describes a high-level architecture based on a scalable AI compute fabric that allows for fast learning and inference. The architecture is flexible and can scale from single-chip solutions to multi-chip solutions connected via high-speed interfaces. It also provides details on the AI compute fabric, processing elements, and how the platform could enable high-performance edge AI processing.
In this talk we discuss about the aplicação of Reinforcement Learning to Games. Recently, OpenAI created an algorithm capable of beating a human team in DOTA, considered a game with great amount of complexity and strategy. In this talk, we'll evaluate the role Reinforcement Learning plays in the world of games, taking a look at some of main achievements and how they look like in terms of implementation. We'll also take a look at some of the history of AI applied to games and how things evolved over time.
Support vector machines (SVMs) are a supervised machine learning algorithm used for classification and regression analysis. SVMs find the optimal boundary, known as a hyperplane, that separates classes of data. This hyperplane maximizes the margin between the two classes. Extensions to the basic SVM model include soft margin classification to allow some misclassified points, methods for multi-class classification like one-vs-one and one-vs-all, and the use of kernel functions to handle non-linear decision boundaries. Real-world applications of SVMs include face detection, text categorization, image classification, and bioinformatics.
This document presents AMD's Ryzen PRO line of processors for commercial and enterprise users. It highlights key features of the Ryzen 7 PRO 1700, Ryzen 5 PRO 1600 and Ryzen 3 PRO 1300 including their core/thread counts, frequencies, cache sizes and TDPs. It also shows benchmark results demonstrating the Ryzen 7 PRO 1700 and Ryzen 5 PRO 1600 outperforming competing Intel Core i7 and Core i5 processors in various multi-threaded workloads by up to 116%. Additionally, it outlines the Ryzen PRO processors' security features, manageability and commercial support.
This document provides an overview of NVIDIA's accelerated computing capabilities across a wide range of industries and applications. It highlights that NVIDIA GPUs power the majority of the world's top supercomputers and are used for AI, robotics, science, and more. New product announcements include updates to NVIDIA's computing platforms, networking, security, and simulation technologies.
Winning Kaggle competitions involves getting a good score as fast as possible using versatile machine learning libraries and models like Scikit-learn, XGBoost, and Keras. It also involves model ensembling techniques like voting, averaging, bagging and boosting to improve scores. The document provides tips for approaches like feature engineering, algorithm selection, and stacked generalization/stacking to develop strong ensemble models for competitions.
The document discusses supercomputers, including their history, uses, and top models. Supercomputers are designed to solve complex mathematical problems very quickly. They are measured in floating point operations per second (FLOPS). The earliest supercomputers were developed in the 1960s by Seymour Cray to achieve high performance. Some key uses of supercomputers include analyzing geological data, weather forecasting, and scientific simulations. The top three supercomputers currently are Jaguar, Roadrunner, and Mira.
Supercomputers are designed to handle extremely large jobs through innovative designs and parallel processing. Early supercomputers from CDC in the 1960s pioneered these approaches. The CDC 6600 from 1964 is considered the first supercomputer. Seymour Cray further advanced the technology with machines like the CDC 7600 and Cray-1. Modern supercomputers use tens of thousands of processors and advanced networking, with the fastest reaching over a petaflop in performance. They are used for complex tasks in fields like science, engineering, and weather modeling.
This document introduces OpenCL, a framework for parallel programming across heterogeneous systems. OpenCL allows developers to write programs that access GPU and multi-core processors. It provides portability so the same code can run on different processor architectures. The document outlines OpenCL programming basics like kernels, memory objects, and host code that manages kernels. It also provides a simple "Hello World" example of vector addition in OpenCL and recommends additional resources for learning OpenCL.
This presentation contains an introduction to reinforcement learning, comparison with others learning ways, introduction to Q-Learning and some applications of reinforcement learning in video games.
The document discusses reinforcement learning, including Q-learning. It provides an overview of reinforcement learning, describing what it is, important machine learning algorithms for it like Q-learning, and how Q-learning works in theory and practice. It also discusses challenges of reinforcement learning, potential applications, and links between reinforcement learning algorithms and human psychology.
Published on 11 may, 2018
Chainer is a deep learning framework which is flexible, intuitive, and powerful.
This slide introduces some unique features of Chainer and its additional packages such as ChainerMN (distributed learning), ChainerCV (computer vision), ChainerRL (reinforcement learning), Chainer Chemistry (biology and chemistry), and ChainerUI (visualization).
Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches to deal with finding an optimal reward based policy to act in an environment (Charla en Inglés)
However, what has led to their widespread use is its combination with deep neural networks (DNN) i.e., deep reinforcement learning (Deep RL). Recent successes on not only learning to play games but also superseding humans in it and academia-industry research collaborations like for manipulation of objects, locomotion skills, smart grids, etc. have surely demonstrated their case on a wide variety of challenging tasks.
With application spanning across games, robotics, dialogue, healthcare, marketing, energy and many more domains, Deep RL might just be the power that drives the next generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents!
Dr. iur.Pedro Bejarano Alomia, LL.M. - Neonaticide - Doctoral ThesisFritz Lang
Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht die Frage, inwieweit sich die
Rechtslage in Bezug auf die Problematik der Kindstötung nach
Abschaffung des § 217 StGB a. F. durch das 6.
Strafrechtsreformgesetz geändert hat. Daher thematisiert die
folgende Arbeit kriminologische, rechtsgeschichtliche,
strafrechtsdogmatische und rechtsvergleichende Aspekte der
Tötung von Neugeborenen durch die Mutter. Im Ergebnis lässt
sich feststellen, dass die kriminologische Erfassung der Tötung
von Kindern einer präziseren Terminologie bedarf. Insofern sollte
die Tötung eines Neugeborenen seitens der Mutter durch den
Begriff Neonatizid bezeichnet werden. Eine sinnvolle
strafrechtliche und kriminologische Behandlung des Phänomens
Neonatizid erfordert zudem nicht nur einen aktiven
interdisziplinären Dialog, sondern auch dessen
rechtsgeschichtliches Verständnis. Ein weiteres Fazit der Arbeit
besagt, dass Neonatizid eine Übergansstellung zwischen dem
Tatbestand des Schwangerschaftsabbruchs und dem
allgemeinen Tötungsverbot des §212 darstellt. Demzufolge
könnte man darüber nachdenken, ob es nicht sachgerecht wäre,
eine Neuregelung für Neonatizid zu schaffen, deren Strafrahmen
vielmehr dem des Schwangerschaftsabbruchs als dem des
Totschlags angenähert würde. Zur Thematik der Menschwerdung
im Strafrecht lässt sich erklären, dass die ersatzlose Streichung
des § 217 a. F. an der traditionellen Zäsur Geburt nichts geändert
hat.
This document provides an overview of supervised learning concepts including:
- The steps in formulating a supervised learning problem including collecting labeled data, choosing a model and evaluation metric, and an optimization method.
- The dangers of overfitting when measuring performance on training data and the solution of splitting data into training and testing sets.
- An overview of Python libraries and frameworks commonly used for data science and machine learning tasks like the Scikit-learn, NumPy, Pandas, and TensorFlow libraries.
NumPy is a Python library that provides multidimensional array and matrix objects to perform scientific computing. It contains efficient functions for operations on arrays like arithmetic, aggregation, copying, indexing, slicing, and reshaping. NumPy arrays have advantages over native Python sequences like fixed size and efficient mathematical operations. Common NumPy operations include elementwise arithmetic, aggregation functions, copying and transposing arrays, changing array shapes, and indexing/slicing arrays.
Classification by back propagation, multi layered feed forward neural network...bihira aggrey
Classification by Back Propagation, Multi-layered feed forward Neural Networks - Provides a basic introduction of classification in data mining with neural networks
The document proposes a scalable AI accelerator ASIC platform for edge AI processing. It describes a high-level architecture based on a scalable AI compute fabric that allows for fast learning and inference. The architecture is flexible and can scale from single-chip solutions to multi-chip solutions connected via high-speed interfaces. It also provides details on the AI compute fabric, processing elements, and how the platform could enable high-performance edge AI processing.
In this talk we discuss about the aplicação of Reinforcement Learning to Games. Recently, OpenAI created an algorithm capable of beating a human team in DOTA, considered a game with great amount of complexity and strategy. In this talk, we'll evaluate the role Reinforcement Learning plays in the world of games, taking a look at some of main achievements and how they look like in terms of implementation. We'll also take a look at some of the history of AI applied to games and how things evolved over time.
Support vector machines (SVMs) are a supervised machine learning algorithm used for classification and regression analysis. SVMs find the optimal boundary, known as a hyperplane, that separates classes of data. This hyperplane maximizes the margin between the two classes. Extensions to the basic SVM model include soft margin classification to allow some misclassified points, methods for multi-class classification like one-vs-one and one-vs-all, and the use of kernel functions to handle non-linear decision boundaries. Real-world applications of SVMs include face detection, text categorization, image classification, and bioinformatics.
This document presents AMD's Ryzen PRO line of processors for commercial and enterprise users. It highlights key features of the Ryzen 7 PRO 1700, Ryzen 5 PRO 1600 and Ryzen 3 PRO 1300 including their core/thread counts, frequencies, cache sizes and TDPs. It also shows benchmark results demonstrating the Ryzen 7 PRO 1700 and Ryzen 5 PRO 1600 outperforming competing Intel Core i7 and Core i5 processors in various multi-threaded workloads by up to 116%. Additionally, it outlines the Ryzen PRO processors' security features, manageability and commercial support.
This document provides an overview of NVIDIA's accelerated computing capabilities across a wide range of industries and applications. It highlights that NVIDIA GPUs power the majority of the world's top supercomputers and are used for AI, robotics, science, and more. New product announcements include updates to NVIDIA's computing platforms, networking, security, and simulation technologies.
Winning Kaggle competitions involves getting a good score as fast as possible using versatile machine learning libraries and models like Scikit-learn, XGBoost, and Keras. It also involves model ensembling techniques like voting, averaging, bagging and boosting to improve scores. The document provides tips for approaches like feature engineering, algorithm selection, and stacked generalization/stacking to develop strong ensemble models for competitions.
The document discusses supercomputers, including their history, uses, and top models. Supercomputers are designed to solve complex mathematical problems very quickly. They are measured in floating point operations per second (FLOPS). The earliest supercomputers were developed in the 1960s by Seymour Cray to achieve high performance. Some key uses of supercomputers include analyzing geological data, weather forecasting, and scientific simulations. The top three supercomputers currently are Jaguar, Roadrunner, and Mira.
Supercomputers are designed to handle extremely large jobs through innovative designs and parallel processing. Early supercomputers from CDC in the 1960s pioneered these approaches. The CDC 6600 from 1964 is considered the first supercomputer. Seymour Cray further advanced the technology with machines like the CDC 7600 and Cray-1. Modern supercomputers use tens of thousands of processors and advanced networking, with the fastest reaching over a petaflop in performance. They are used for complex tasks in fields like science, engineering, and weather modeling.
This document introduces OpenCL, a framework for parallel programming across heterogeneous systems. OpenCL allows developers to write programs that access GPU and multi-core processors. It provides portability so the same code can run on different processor architectures. The document outlines OpenCL programming basics like kernels, memory objects, and host code that manages kernels. It also provides a simple "Hello World" example of vector addition in OpenCL and recommends additional resources for learning OpenCL.
HPC Infrastructure To Solve The CFD Grand ChallengeAnand Haridass
This document summarizes Anand Haridass' presentation on using HPC infrastructure to solve computational fluid dynamics (CFD) grand challenges. It discusses how CFD utilizes physics, mathematics, computational geometry, and computer science. Solving CFD problems is bound by memory usage, computation needs, and network requirements. The presentation outlines IBM's POWER processor roadmap and how the POWER9 will have stronger cores, enhanced caches, and improved interfaces like NVLink and CAPI to accelerate workloads like CFD. Case studies demonstrate how IBM systems using GPUs and NVLink can provide faster performance for CFD codes and reservoir simulations.
In this deck from the HPC User Forum in Tucson, Jeff Stuecheli from IBM presents: POWER9 for AI & HPC.
"Built from the ground-up for data intensive workloads, POWER9 is the only processor with state-of-the-art I/O subsystem technology, including next generation NVIDIA NVLink, PCIe Gen4, and OpenCAPI."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-isJ
Learn more: https://www.ibm.com/it-infrastructure/power/power9
and
http://hpcuserforum.com
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
Evolution of Supermicro GPU Server SolutionNVIDIA Taiwan
Supermicro provides energy efficient server solutions optimized for GPU computing. Their portfolio includes 1U and 4U servers that support up to 10 GPUs, delivering the highest rack-level and node-level GPU density. Their new generation of solutions are optimized for machine learning applications using NVIDIA Pascal GPUs, with features like NVLink for high bandwidth GPU interconnect and direct low latency data access between GPUs. These solutions deliver the highest performance per watt for parallel workloads like machine learning training.
The document discusses several types of processors including Pentium 4, dual-core, and quad-core processors, explaining their features and advantages. Pentium 4 used the NetBurst architecture but faced challenges scaling to higher speeds. Dual-core and quad-core processors place multiple processor cores on a single chip to improve performance through parallel processing while reducing power needs.
The LEGaTO project received funding from the EU's Horizon 2020 program to develop a heterogeneous hardware platform called RECS for cloud to edge computing. RECS uses a modular microserver approach integrating CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, and SOCs. It allows for flexible node composition through virtual functions to enable different compute and communication topologies.
The document describes the NEC SX-6 vector supercomputer. Key points:
- The SX-6 is a high-performance vector supercomputer utilizing a single-chip vector processor that can perform up to 8 billion calculations per second.
- It provides scalable performance from 16 to 64 GFLOPS and large shared memory capacity of up to 64GB per node. Larger configurations with up to 1024 CPUs and 8 TFLOPS of performance are possible.
- The SX-6 offers improved performance, memory bandwidth, and reliability compared to previous models, driven by its single-chip vector processor design and other technological advancements. It is well-suited for technical computing and simulation applications
A Dataflow Processing Chip for Training Deep Neural Networksinside-BigData.com
In this deck from the Hot Chips conference, Chris Nicol from Wave Computing presents: A Dataflow Processing Chip for Training Deep Neural Networks.
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-k6W
Learn more: https://wavecomp.ai/
and
http://www.hotchips.org/
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
Network Processing on an SPE Core in Cell Broadband EngineTMSlide_N
This document discusses implementing network processing on a Synergistic Processing Element (SPE) core in a Cell Broadband Engine. The key points are:
1) A network interface driver and small protocol stack were implemented on a single SPE to avoid bottlenecks from using the general purpose PowerPC core for network processing.
2) Network processing was able to achieve near wire-speed performance of 8.5 Gbps for TCP and almost wire-speed for UDP, requiring no assistance from the PowerPC core during data transfer.
3) Dedicating an SPE core for network processing can help resolve performance issues from high-speed network interfaces by offloading the processing costs from the general purpose core.
Axel Koehler from Nvidia presented this deck at the 2016 HPC Advisory Council Switzerland Conference.
“Accelerated computing is transforming the data center that delivers unprecedented through- put, enabling new discoveries and services for end users. This talk will give an overview about the NVIDIA Tesla accelerated computing platform including the latest developments in hardware and software. In addition it will be shown how deep learning on GPUs is changing how we use computers to understand data.”
In related news, the GPU Technology Conference takes place April 4-7 in Silicon Valley.
Watch the video presentation: http://insidehpc.com/2016/03/tesla-accelerated-computing/
See more talks in the Swiss Conference Video Gallery:
http://insidehpc.com/2016-swiss-hpc-conference/
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter:
http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
Exploring the Performance Impact of Virtualization on an HPC CloudRyousei Takano
The document evaluates the performance impact of virtualization on high-performance computing (HPC) clouds. Experiments were conducted on the AIST Super Green Cloud, a 155-node HPC cluster. Benchmark results show that while PCI passthrough mitigates I/O overhead, virtualization still incurs performance penalties for MPI collectives as node counts increase. Application benchmarks demonstrate overhead is limited to around 5%. The study concludes HPC clouds are promising due to utilization improvements from virtualization, but further optimization of virtual machine placement and pass-through technologies could help reduce overhead.
The document discusses plans to establish an institutional high performance computing (HPC) facility at North-West University. It outlines the technical goals of building a Beowulf cluster to link existing departmental clusters and integrate with national and international computational grids. It also discusses management principles for the new HPC facility to ensure sustainability, efficiency, reliability, availability and high performance.
The document summarizes several AI accelerators for cloud datacenters including Google TPU, HabanaLabs Gaudi, Graphcore IPU, and Baidu Kunlun. It discusses their architectures, performance, and how they address challenges in datacenters like workload diversity and energy efficiency. The accelerators use specialized hardware like systolic arrays and FPGA/ASIC designs to achieve much higher performance and efficiency than CPUs and GPUs for AI tasks like training deep learning models.
uCluster (micro-Cluster) is a toy computer cluster composed of 3 Raspberry Pi boards, 2 NVIDIA Jetson Nano boards and 1 NVIDIA Jetson TX2 board.
The presentation shows how to build the uCluster and focuses on few interesting technologies for further consideration when building a cluster at any scale.
The project is for educational purposes and tinkering with various technologies.
The document discusses IBM's POWER7 technology and Power 755 server. It provides details on the POWER7 processor including its 8 cores, 32 threads per chip, and 32MB on-chip memory. It compares POWER7's performance against Intel's Nehalem and Westmere processors, noting POWER7's advantages in core count, cache size, memory bandwidth, and scalability. The Power 755 server is highlighted as delivering high performance for HPC workloads with better performance and efficiency than competitors.
Install FD.IO VPP On Intel(r) Architecture & Test with Trex*Michelle Holley
This demo/lab will guide you to install and configure FD.io Vector Packet Processing (VPP) on Intel® Architecture (AI) Server. You will also learn to install TRex* on another AI Server to send packets to the VPP, and use some VPP commands to forward packets back to the TRex*.
Speaker: Loc Nguyen. Loc is a Software Application Engineer in Data Center Scale Engineering Team. Loc joined Intel in 2005, and has worked in various projects. Before joining the network group, Loc worked in High-Performance Computing area and supported Intel® Xeon Phi™ Product Family. His interest includes computer graphics, parallel computing, and computer networking.
Fast datastacks - fast and flexible nfv solution stacks leveraging fd.ioOPNFV
This document discusses using Vector Packet Processor (VPP) to provide fast and flexible networking capabilities for NFV solution stacks. It introduces VPP as a high-performance virtual switch that can achieve high throughput even at large scale. VPP offers features like IPv4 and IPv6 routing, Layer 2 switching, and VXLAN tunneling with linear performance scaling across multiple CPU cores. The FastDataStacks project aims to integrate VPP into OpenStack-based NFV solution stacks to provide enhanced networking functions.
Similar to Hardware architecture of Summit Supercomputer (20)
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing.
Mechatronics deals with robotics, control systems, and electro-mechanical systems.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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Hardware architecture of Summit Supercomputer
1. SUMMIT
SUPERCOMPUTER
Supervisor: Dr. R. Venkatesan
Presentation by: Vigneshwar Ramaswamy
Masc. in Computer Engineering
MUN ID: 201990029
Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 1
2. Outline
• Introduction
• Summit Overview
• Specification of Summit
• IBM Power9 Architecture
• NVIDIA Tesla V100 Architecture
• Interconnect
• Application
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 2
3. Introduction
• Summit was the fastest computer in the world from November 2018 to June 2020.
• 2nd Rank on TOP500 peak speed 148.6 pflops ( High Performance Linpack benchmark).
• 8th Rank on Green500 with power efficiency of 14.719 Gflops/watt.
• As of June 2018 – 2020, the summit topped HPCG benchmark used by 5 out of 6
Gordon Bell Finalist teams.
• Summit has Achieved to reach exa operations per second (exaop), achieving 1.88
exaops during a Genmoic Analysis and expected to reach 3.3 exaops using mixed
precision calculations.
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 3
4. Summit Overview and Specifications
• Processor: IBM POWER9™ (2/node)
• GPUs: 27,648 NVIDIA Volta V100s (6/node)
• Theoretical Peak (Rpeak) performance :200 Pflops
• Linpack performance :-148.6 PFlops.
• It has 2,414,592 cores
• 250petabytes storage capacity
• Nodes: 4,608
• Memory/ each node: 512GB DDR4 + 96GB HBM2 (1/2TF,CPU-GPU accessing)
• NV Memory/node: 1600GB
• Total System Memory: >10PB DDR4 + HBM + Non-volatile
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 4
5. Summit Overview and Specifications
• Interconnect Topology: Mellanox EDR 100G InfiniBand,Non-blocking Fat Tree
• 25gigabytes per second between nodes
• In-Network Computing acceleration for communications frameworks such as
MPI(Message Passing Interface).
• Peak Power Consumption: 13MW
• Operating system :Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) version 7.4.
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 5
6. Summit Nodes
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 6
FIGURE 1: SUMMIT NODE BLOCK DIAGRAM
SOURCE: Summit, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (official web page), https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/summit/
7. IBM POWER9 Processor
• Summit’s POWER9 processor contain 24 active
cores (4 hardware threads/core).
• Peripheral component interconnect express
(PCI – Express) Gen4.
• NVLink 2.0
• 14nm finFET Semiconductor Process with 8.0
billion transistors
• High Bandwidth Signaling Technology
• 16Gb/s interface – Local SMP
• 25 Gb/s interface – 25G Link – Accelerator,
remote SMP
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 7
FIGURE 2: POWER9 ARCHITECTURE
SOURCE: S. K. Sadasivam, B. W. Thompto, R. Kalla and W. J. Starke, "IBM Power9
Processor Architecture," in IEEE Micro, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 40-51, Mar.-Apr.
2017.doi: 10.1109/MM.2017.40
8. Core pipeline
• Microarchitecture has Reduced pipeline
length.
• Removes the instruction grouping
technique .
• Introduces new features to proactively
avoid hazards in the load store unit (LSU)
and improve the LSU’s execution efficiency.
• Complete up to 128 instruction per
cycle.(SMT 4)
• New lock management control improves
the performance
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 8
FIGURE 3: POWER9 VS POWER8 PIPELINE STAGES
SOURCE: S. K. Sadasivam, B. W. Thompto, R. Kalla and W. J. Starke, "IBM Power9
Processor Architecture," in IEEE Micro, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 40-51, Mar.-Apr.
2017.doi: 10.1109/MM.2017.40
9. Key components of Power9 core
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 9
Figure 4: SMT4 Core Figure 5: SMT8 Core
Figure 6: Power9 SMT4 core. The detailed core block diagram
shows all the key components of the Power9 core.
10. Cache Capacity of
POWER9 Processor
• L1I: 32 KiB (per core, 8-way set associative)
• L1D: 32 KiB (per core, 8-way)
• L2: 512 KiB (per pair of cores)
• L3: 120 MiB eDRAM, 20-way
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 10
FIGURE 7: SMT8 Cache
SOURCE: S. K. Sadasivam, B. W. Thompto, R. Kalla and W. J. Starke, "IBM Power9 Processor Architecture," in IEEE
Micro, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 40-51, Mar.-Apr. 2017.doi: 10.1109/MM.2017.40
11. NVDIA Tesla V100
GPU Architecture
• This GPU is built with 21 billion transistors
• It has peak performance of 7.8 TFLOP/s of
double precision floating point performance
(FP64)
• It has 15.7 TFLOP/s of single precision
performance(FP32).
• It has 5376 FP32 cores, 5376 INT32 cores,
2688 FP64 cores, 672 Tensor cores, 366
Texture units.
• (8) 512-bit memory controllers control
access to the 16 GB of HBM2 memory.
• 6 MB L2 cache that is available to the SMs
• NVIDIA’s NVLink interconnect to pass data
between GPUs as well as from CPU-to-GPU
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 11
FIGURE 8: NVIDIA TESLA V100 GPU ARCHITECTURE
SOURCE: NVIDIA TESLA V100 GPU Architecture, White paper,
https://images.nvidia.com/content/volta-architecture/pdf/volta-architecture-
whitepaper.pdf
12. Volta Streaming Multiprocessor
• This new Streaming Multiprocessor architecture delivers major improvements in
performance and energy efficiency.
• New mixed precision tensor Cores.
• 50% higher efficiency on general computation workloads.
• High performance L1 data cache.
• V100 SM has 64 FP32 cores and 32 FP64 cores per SM.
• Supports more threads, warps, and thread blocks when compared to prior GPU
generations
• A 128-KB combined memory block for shared memory and L1 cache can be
configured to allow up to 96 KB of shared memory.
• Each SM has four texture units which use to set the size of the L1 cache.
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 12
FIGURE 9: VOLTA GV100 Streaming
Multiprocessor (SM)
SOURCE: NVIDIA TESLA V100 GPU Architecture,
White paper, https://images.nvidia.com/content/volta-
architecture/pdf/volta-architecture-whitepaper.pdf
13. Tensor Cores
• V100 GPU contains 640 Tensor Cores: eight
(8) per SM and two (2) per each processing
block (partition) within an SM.
• Each Tensor Cores performs 64 FP
FMA(fused multiplication and addition)
operations per clock.
• For deep learning training ,Tensor Cores
provide up to 12x higher peak TFLOPS on
Tesla V100 compared to pascal.
• For deep learning inference, Tensor Cores
provide up to 6x higher peak TFLOPS on
Tesla V100 when ompared to pascal.
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 13
FIGURE 10: Pascal and Volta 4 x 4 matrix multiplication
SOURCE: NVIDIA TESLA V100 GPU Architecture, White paper,
https://images.nvidia.com/content/volta-architecture/pdf/volta-architecture-
whitepaper.pdf
14. Tensor cores
• Each Tensor Core operates on a 4x4 matrix and performs
the following operation:
• D = A×B + C, where A, B, C, and D are 4x4 matrices.
• Each FP16 multiply gives a full-precision product which is
accumulated in a FP32 addition to provide the result.
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 14
FIGURE 11: Tensor Core 4 x 4 Matrix Multiply and
accumulate
FIGURE 12: Mixed Precision Multiply and Accumulate in
Tensor core
15. Performance of Tensor Cores on Matrix
Multiplications
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 15
FIGURE 13: Single precision (FP32) FIGURE 14: Mixed precision
16. NVIDIA NVLink
• In Summit Supercomputer, the
Tesla V100 accelerators and
Power9 CPUs are connected with
NVLink.
• More performance when
compared to PCLe interconnects.
• Each link provides 25
Gigabytes/second in each
direction.
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 16
FIGURE 15: NVDIA NVLink
17. Interconnect
• Nodes are connected with Mellanox dual rail EDR InfiniBand network.
• Each node it gives 25 GB/s Bandwidth .
• Using dual-rail Mellanox EDR(Enhanced Data Rate) 100Gb/s InfiniBand interconnect for both
storage and inter-process communications traffic
• All nodes are interconnected with Non-Blocking Fat Tree topology.
• Implemented by three level tree.
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 17
FIGURE 16: ConnectX-5adapterandinterface
withPOWER9 chips
FIGURE 17: Fat Tree Topology
18. Application- Finding the Drug Compounds to fight against the
corona virus
• Summit was used to screen through a library of 8000 datasets of known FDA approved drug compounds to
fight against the corona virus.
• Narrowed down the dataset to 77 in just 2 days.
• Summit uses Virus genome to search for a very specific type of drug compounds.
• On comparing with the world’s fastest computer Fugaku, which was used to conduct molecule level
simulations.
• narrowed from 2128 existing drugs and picked 12 drugs that bond easily to the proteins in 10 days.
• Fugaku can perform more than 415 quadrillion computations a second which is 2.8 times faster than summit.
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 18
19. Comparison with other Supercomputers
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 19
Rank Rmax Name Model Processor Cores Interconnect Memory Manufact
urer
Operating
system
Rpeak
(PFLOPS)
1 415.530 FUGAKU SUPERCOMPUTER
FUGAKU
A64FX 48C 2.2GHz 7,299,072
Tofu interconnect D
4,866,048 GB Fujitsu Red Hat Enterprise
Linux
513.855
2 148.6 SUMMIT IBM POWER
SYSTEM AC922
IBM POWER9 22C
3.07GHz
2,414,592 Dual-rail Mellanox EDR
Infiniband
2,801,664 GB IBM RHEL 7.4
200.795
3 94.640 SIERRA IBM POWER
SYSTEM AC922
IBM POWER9 22C
3.07GHz
1,572,480 Dual-rail Mellanox EDR
Infiniband
1,382,400 GB IBM RHEL 7.4
125.712
4 93.014 SUNWAY
TAIHULIGHT
SUNWAY MPP SUNWAY
SW26010 260C
1.45 GHZ
10,649,600 Sunway 1,310,720 GB NRCPC Sunway RaiseOS
2.0.5
125.436
20. Supercomputers
development
over the past 27
years
Summit Supercomputer Architecture 20
CM-5 Supercomputer
Fugaku Supercomputer Sunway Taihu Light
Summit Supercomputer