The document discusses methods for teaching critical thinking skills in the classroom. It recommends using lesson plans that anticipate, build, and consolidate knowledge. Teachers should ask high-order questions that require applying concepts rather than just recalling facts. An effective classroom environment models thinking, challenges students to think independently, and uses techniques like cooperative learning. The goal is to encourage students to ask questions, apply what they learn, and debate ideas rather than just memorizing information.
The sildes provide underlying knowledge on VAK and memletic learning styles and HOTS. The knowledge on learning styles and HOTS is used to criticize 2 samples of study pack (referred to K-13 & CEFR), explaining their strengths and weaknesses.
Dalam perlaksanaan PBS , Kementerian Pelajaran telah menerapkan HOTS sebagai suatu penilaian akademik menjelang PMR, PBS pada tahun 2014. Oleh itu para guru perlu membuat persediaan yang mantap bagaimana HOTS ini perlu diserapkan ke dalam minda pelajar.
The sildes provide underlying knowledge on VAK and memletic learning styles and HOTS. The knowledge on learning styles and HOTS is used to criticize 2 samples of study pack (referred to K-13 & CEFR), explaining their strengths and weaknesses.
Dalam perlaksanaan PBS , Kementerian Pelajaran telah menerapkan HOTS sebagai suatu penilaian akademik menjelang PMR, PBS pada tahun 2014. Oleh itu para guru perlu membuat persediaan yang mantap bagaimana HOTS ini perlu diserapkan ke dalam minda pelajar.
Paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Technology and Innovation in Learning, Teaching and Education (TECH-EDU 2018), June 20-22, 2018, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Read more at: http://bit.ly/techedu7
In most classrooms, the days of memorization-focused teaching are gone. Though, we are still in the midst of a transition to building students’ critical thinking skills. Critical thinking leads students to understand and apply information instead of just remembering facts. Paula Johnson, M.A., an IDRA education associate, describes how teachers can foster critical thinking through the integrated use of: substantive student conversations, visual literacy and higher-order questioning. She also gives examples of how teachers can lead structured and unstructured conversations and how to use graphic organizers and foldables to draw more out of students so that they learn to apply what they are learning to their lives.
Also see the IDRA Classnotes Podcast about this presentation at http://www.idra.org/Podcasts/
Teaching Higher Order Thinking & 21st Century SkillsTimothy Wooi
Higher Order Thinking and 21st Century Skills
I. Introduction of Higher-Order Thinking (H.O.T.) and Why?
II. Bloom’s Cognitive Taxonomy
III. Why Do We Want to Teach
Higher-Order Thinking?
IV. How Do We Teach Higher- Order
Thinking?
V. The High Investment of Higher-
Order Thinking
La tavola rotonda "PMI, credito e strumenti innovativi" organizzata da APMI Confimi impresa di Modena e Reggio Emilia e moderata da Rubens Ligabue, ha visto un confronto costruttivo tra le aziende locali e varie banche del territorio, affrontando temi delicati in merito alle ancor presenti difficoltà di erogazione verso le PMI.
Paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Technology and Innovation in Learning, Teaching and Education (TECH-EDU 2018), June 20-22, 2018, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Read more at: http://bit.ly/techedu7
In most classrooms, the days of memorization-focused teaching are gone. Though, we are still in the midst of a transition to building students’ critical thinking skills. Critical thinking leads students to understand and apply information instead of just remembering facts. Paula Johnson, M.A., an IDRA education associate, describes how teachers can foster critical thinking through the integrated use of: substantive student conversations, visual literacy and higher-order questioning. She also gives examples of how teachers can lead structured and unstructured conversations and how to use graphic organizers and foldables to draw more out of students so that they learn to apply what they are learning to their lives.
Also see the IDRA Classnotes Podcast about this presentation at http://www.idra.org/Podcasts/
Teaching Higher Order Thinking & 21st Century SkillsTimothy Wooi
Higher Order Thinking and 21st Century Skills
I. Introduction of Higher-Order Thinking (H.O.T.) and Why?
II. Bloom’s Cognitive Taxonomy
III. Why Do We Want to Teach
Higher-Order Thinking?
IV. How Do We Teach Higher- Order
Thinking?
V. The High Investment of Higher-
Order Thinking
La tavola rotonda "PMI, credito e strumenti innovativi" organizzata da APMI Confimi impresa di Modena e Reggio Emilia e moderata da Rubens Ligabue, ha visto un confronto costruttivo tra le aziende locali e varie banche del territorio, affrontando temi delicati in merito alle ancor presenti difficoltà di erogazione verso le PMI.
Recorded webinar: http://slidesha.re/1hT5ghk
Subscribe: http://www.ksmartin.com/subscribe
Karen’s Books: http://ksmartin.com/books
For most, problem solving and critical thinking are NOT naturally given talents. But they are skills that can be developed in anyone, with practice and adequate coaching. In this webinar, Karen shares her 12-step model for executing the PDSA (plan-do-study-adjust) cycle and give tips on how to best develop deep capabilities across the entire workforce.
On the importance of critical thinking skills and how to teach them - presented at the eLearning Consortium of Colorado (eLCC) Conference, April 18, 2014 - Breckenridge, CO
"We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them." -Albert Einstein
Train your brain to look at situations and problems differently, open your mind to new ideas, and use scientific reasoning on your problems.
A four-year-old asks on average about 400 questions per day, and an adult generally asks much much less. Our school system is often structured around rewarding giving the "right" answer and not asking smart questions. The result over time is that, as we grow older, we stop asking questions. Yet asking good questions is essential to finding and developing solutions - an important skill in critical thinking, innovation, and leadership.
This workshop will support teachers to explore their current habits and practices of formulating and asking questions, discuss with their colleagues a range of practices from research and articles, and then develop some new practical approaches they can use with their students.
Using discussion forums to engage students in critical thinkingLearningandTeaching
As more teaching moves into the online space, students will need to not only communicate with each other but learn collaboratively. Discussion forums are the most widely used tool for building a conversation around curriculum topics.
In order to develop an ability to analyse and reflect, students need practice.These slides cover how to structure and facilitate online discussions which promote critical thinking, and understand the students’ experience of learning in this context.
As more teaching moves into the online space, students will need to not only communicate with each other but learn collaboratively. Discussion forums are the most widely used tool for building a conversation around curriculum topics.
In order to develop an ability to analyse and reflect, students need practice. This workshop is designed to help you structure and facilitate online discussions which promote critical thinking, and understand the students’ experience of learning in this context.
A growth mindset is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can cultivate through your efforts, your strategies, and help from others
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Critical Thinking: Teaching Methods & Strategies
Mark Jon Snyder
CEO, MSA Consulting Group
Adjunct Professor, Elon University
OVERVIEW
In Review … Research and Definition
- Requirements of Analyzing and Evaluating
- Why We Don’t Critically Think
- Instructional Design of Critical Thinking
- IDEALS – Six Steps to Critical Thinking
Goals of Critical Thinking (CT)
The ABC’s of CT Lesson Plans
Questioning Techniques
The CT Classroom Environment
CRITICAL THINKING IN REVIEW
The Research on Faculty Indicates…
89% Claim Critical Thinking is a Primary Objective
78% State Students Lack Critical Thinking Skills
19% Can Clearly Define “Critical Thinking”
9% Can Describe How to Teach Critical Thinking in their Discipline
8% Use Critical Thinking Standards in Their Assessment Techniques
Definition of Critical Thinking…
Informed Decision-Making
Thinking About Thinking & How to Improve It
Actively Analyzing, Synthesizing, & Evaluating the Thinking Process
A Product of Education, Training, & Practice
Mental Habit & Power
Critical Thinking Requires Analytically Questioning…
Purpose
Concepts and Ideas
Assumptions
Point of View
Information
Inferences and Conclusions
Critical Thinking Requires Evaluating the _____ of Your Thinking
Clarity
Accuracy
Precision
Relevance
Depth
Breadth
Logic
Significance
Why Students (and Teachers) Don’t Critically Think…
Too Many Facts, Too Little Conceptualizing
Too Much Memorizing, Too Little Thinking
Lecture & Rote Memorization Does Not Require Critical Thinking
Students Are Not “Trained” to Think
2. Critical Thinking is More Than Simple Engagement
“Life Comes at You Fast”
Instructional Design of Critical Thinking…
Knowledge & Understanding is Not Gained from Memorization
Knowledge is Constructed from Critically Thinking
Link Critical Thinking Skills to Content
Intellectual Challenge is Focusing on Thinking Rather Than Facts
“IDEALS” … Six Steps to Effective Thinking and Problem Solving
I – Identify the Problem
D – Define the Context
E – Enumerate the Choices
A – Analyze the Options
L – List Reasons Explicitly
S – Self-Correct
GOALS OF CRITICAL THINKING
Encourage Students To…
ASK Questions and LOOK for Answers
- What questions could someone have about this?
- What information answers these questions/concerns?
APPLY What They Learn to SOLVE Problems
- Based on the material, how would you …?
- Now that you know ___, how do you solve ___?
LISTEN to Each Other and DEBATE Ideas
- How does John’s comment relate to the text?
- What can you add to his perspective?
Practical Barriers…
Crowded Curriculum
- Cover Content PLUS Critically Think About It
Short Class Periods
- Engaged Activities Require Time on Task
Too Many Students
- Difficult to Get Everyone Involved Every Time
Characteristics of Productive Teaching…
Challenge Students to Know, Not Memorize
Question, Examine, Create, Solve, Interpret, Debate
Active Classes are Purposeful and Well Organized
Students THINK About What They Learn
Apply Material to Real Situations (e.g., Case Studies)
Students Continue to Learn Independently…
The greatest sign of success for a teacher is to be able to say,
“The children are now working as if I did not exist.”
~ Maria Montessori, Educator (1870-1952)
msaconsulting@att.net Page 2
5. QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES
Avoid Low-Level Questions…
Address Details (facts, figures, etc.)
Useful for Short-Term Memory Only
Based on Memorization, Not Understanding
Examples…
What are Word’s default margins settings?
What does B2B stand for?
Define an asset.
What is a trademark?
Apply High-Order Questions…
Ask How or Why Something Happens
Requires Application of Details to Larger Context
Go “Beyond Facts” to Constructing a Rationale
Requires Critical Thinking
Examples…
How would you change the margins to accommodate a short letter?
How do B2B marketing strategies apply to EDI technologies?
Explain how assets depreciate. How does this impact a balance sheet?
What are the consequences of improperly using a trademark?
Strategies for Effective Questioning Techniques… (Gibbs, 2001)
Ask questions that invite more than one plausible answer.
Provide wait time after asking a question to give less confident students time to think.
Ask follow-up questions, such as, “What can you add?” or “What is your opinion?”
Provide feedback that neither confirms nor denies students’ responses to ensure the
discussion remains open. Examples are: “Interesting.” or “I hadn’t thought of that.”
Request a summary. “Who can make the point in different words?”
Survey the other students: “Who agrees with Max? Who disagrees? Why?”
Encourage students to direct questions to other students.
Play devil’s advocate: “How would you feel if…?”
To Teach Critical Thinking…
Create a Culture of Inquiry by Supporting Students’ Thinking Process
Model Critical Thinking Skills
Actively Question Students’ Thinking
Guide Reflecting on the Thinking Process
Why do you think that?
What is your knowledge based upon?
What does it imply and presuppose?
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7. THE CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT
(Mathews, 2003)
1. Students share in the responsibility for classroom environment
cooperative learning techniques
group or class discussion leaders
project-based learning
2. Teachers model thinking and support students as they share their thinking strategies
Demonstrate by …
- Approaching ideas tentatively
- Using questioning techniques
- Promoting respect for different points of view
Question conclusions and encourage student to do likewise
- Not only … What? Where? When?
- But also … Why? What if? Why not?
3. The classroom has an atmosphere of inquiry and openness
Students make predictions, gather info, organize it, and question conclusions
Teachers provide corrective advice rather than criticism and evaluation
4. Students are supported, but also challenged to think independently
Pay attention to HOW students are thinking
Encourage students to investigate and communicate as they go
5. The classroom arrangement allows students to work together
Focus should be on the students, not the teacher
Arrange desks in horseshoe or grouped clusters
IN SUMMARY…
Practice Critical Thinking
Model Thinking Behaviors
Challenge Students
Use ABC Lesson Plans
Question Students’ Thinking
Create a CT Classroom
See Resources
msaconsulting@att.net Page 7
8. TEACHING METHODS & STRATEGIES
Learning Information from Text (KWL)
1. Structured Overview – Anticipation (5 minutes)
a. Short discussion about the topic (ask questions and encourage comments)
b. Raise students’ curiosity (relate to current knowledge)
c. Use visual aids (maps, charts, samples, objects, etc.)
2. Paired Reading / Paired Summarizing – Building Knowledge
a. KWL – Know, Want, Learn …
What do we KNOW about this topic?
What do we WANT to know about this topic?
What did we LEARN about this topic?
b. In pairs, students list what they know about the topic – DISCUSS
c. In pairs, students list what they want to know about the topic – DISCUSS
d. Paired groups read prepared material to answer questions
e. Teacher circulates among the pairs to monitor and question their progress
f. If most pairs are struggling, remind the class how to summarize and question
3. Consolidation
a. Students reflect on the activity and apply ideas to discussion questions
b. Students reconsider what they already knew before in light of what they learned
c. Complete the last column … what did we learn about this topic?
TOPIC: How to Teach Critical Thinking Skills
What do we know? What do we want to know? What did we learn?
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
msaconsulting@att.net Page 8
9. Discussing New Ideas: The Value Line
STEP 1: The teacher poses a yes/no question on which opinions can vary (e.g., Is the time
required to teach critical thinking skills worth the effort when other methods offer
quicker results?)
STEP 2: Each student considers the question alone and writes an answer with supportive
reasoning.
STEP 3: Two students stand at opposite ends of the room. Each states an extreme position on
the issue, and their statements are diametrically opposed to each other.
STEP 4: The students are asked to take their place along an imaginary line between the two
extreme positions, according to which pole of the argument they agree with more.
STEP 5: Students are asked to discuss with other students in the line their responses to the
question to make sure they are standing among people who share their position.
STEP 6: If students are clustered, have one representative from each group summarize their
position on the issue. Students can change positions after hearing the statements.
Reflection: The value line is enjoyable for students because they like moving around in the class
and sharing their opinions with others. It is interesting to demonstrate for the
physically what is meant by “having a position” and changing one’s position” on an
issue.
NOTE: This activity can be modified using true/false or multiple choice questions for pre-
assessments (what do you know) or reviews for tests:
True/False – Assign one side of the room as the “True” side and the other as the “False” side. As
the teacher reads a true/false statement, students move to the correct side of the room. Students
who are unsure about the answer remain in the middle of the room. Representatives from each side
are asked to explain their choice.
Multiple Choice – Same as above, but each corner of the room is assigned a letter (e.g,. A, B, C,
D) where students move to answer the question. Representatives from each corner explain their
groups’ positions.
msaconsulting@att.net Page 9
10. Quick-Write Activity
Informal essay, reflective free-writing
One to five minutes; goal: to capture thoughts and ideas
Use prompts (e.g., This is important because…, Something that now makes sense is…)
Collect and informally assess … What did you mean by…? How does this relate to…?
What? So What? Now What?
“From every important idea, some action should follow” ~ Paolo Freire
“Praxis” – The link between a compelling idea and social action
Helps students find the main ideas and connect them to realistic actions
After “Now What?”, have the class reflect on the process… did we leave anything out?
What? So What? Now What?
Students summarize the most
important ideas from the
lecture or assigned reading.
Then students are asked to
determine what is important
about the ideas they just
listed. Why do they matter?
What difference do they make?
Finally, students brainstorm
actions … what can they do
about the problem or issue?
3-2-1 Processor
3 Recalls – List three things you recall from the homework, lecture, or activity
2 Insights – Brainstorm two insights (ideas, connections, main points) not directly covered
1 Question – Write one question you have about the material (or a sample quiz question)
Collect and discuss or have pairs/squares answer the questions
Directed Reading-Thinking Activity
Prepare the text by marking stopping points where students can think about content
Student pairs read to each other and answer questions; then the class discusses
Review prior thought processes at each subsequent stopping point
Conclude with a reflective discussion
Directed Reading Activity, Continued …
msaconsulting@att.net Page 10
11. Main Point(s) Relation to Prior Part Predict Next Part
After Part 1
After Part 2
After Part 3
After Part 4
Sample Lesson Plan (One Class Session Integrating Several Methods)
Introductory Discussion of Topic (Anticipation) 5 minutes
Lecture Segment, Paired Discussion, Square the Pairs 15 minutes
Class Discussion Using Questioning Techniques 10 minutes
Quick-Write Activity (Individual Summary and Reflection) 5 minutes
3-2-1 Processor (Summary) 5 minutes
Value Line (Reflection) 10 minutes
CRITICAL THINKING RESOURCES
Critical Thinking & Problem Solving Skills (Webliography of Sources)
http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/critical.htm
The National Center for Teaching Thinking – ”All Students Can Be Good Thinkers”
http://www.nctt.net/
The Critical Thinking Community
http://www.criticalthinking.org/
The Thinking Classroom – A Journal of Reading, Writing and Critical Reflection
http://ct-net.net/ct_tcp
Teaching Critical Thinking – The Dartmouth Writing Program
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~writing/materials/faculty/pedagogies/thinking.shtml
An Introduction to Critical Thinking (by Steven D. Schafersman)
http://www.freeinquiry.com/critical-thinking.html
Research Support Provided by Lisa E. Gueldenzoph, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Business Education
North Carolina A&T State University
gueldenzoph@att.net
msaconsulting@att.net Page 11