This document discusses research on whether new information and communication technologies are associated with social isolation. It summarizes findings from studies that looked at core social networks, social support, and civic engagement. The research found no evidence that internet and mobile phone use is linked to smaller core networks or less social support. Findings also showed that internet users may have more diverse social networks and receive more social support than non-users. So new technologies do not appear to be associated with greater social isolation.
Recent presentation offering a broad introduction to to the digital age. Social media plays a key role in this PPT, but the real topic is networks and how individuals and organizations are seeking advantage through the wise use of networks.
Slightly updated for the end of 2015, these slides describe the How and Why of networks in the digital age. As I like to say, it is not about the shiny objects (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, or any other app). Thriving in a digital age means we need to understand how networks functions. Doing so allows us to plan our actions and communications more wisely.
Introduction of networks delivered to Unilever in July, 2013 and then updated for post-graduate students in 2014. Talk includes recent data on e-Commerce and mobility in Asia.
Neighbors Online: Connecting Communities for All Workshop - Bay Area @ The HUBSteven Clift
For future webinar version see: http://neighborsonline.eventbrite.com
The audio for download: http://e-democracy.org/files/sound/neighborsonlinebayarea.mp3
Audio in SlideShare is not synchronized with slides.
Governments and non-profits around the world are experimenting with social media as a site of civic engagement. Online public participation is a young field however, and little is known about the benefits or limitations of these projects. This Net Tuesday (Net Squared) presentation looks at the use of social media for activism and participation in government. Recently in Vancouver, Canada, hundreds of residents and commuters participated in a July 2011 Facebook conversation about the City of Vancouver’s Transportation Plan.
http://bit.ly/qX6ePO
Recent presentation offering a broad introduction to to the digital age. Social media plays a key role in this PPT, but the real topic is networks and how individuals and organizations are seeking advantage through the wise use of networks.
Slightly updated for the end of 2015, these slides describe the How and Why of networks in the digital age. As I like to say, it is not about the shiny objects (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, or any other app). Thriving in a digital age means we need to understand how networks functions. Doing so allows us to plan our actions and communications more wisely.
Introduction of networks delivered to Unilever in July, 2013 and then updated for post-graduate students in 2014. Talk includes recent data on e-Commerce and mobility in Asia.
Neighbors Online: Connecting Communities for All Workshop - Bay Area @ The HUBSteven Clift
For future webinar version see: http://neighborsonline.eventbrite.com
The audio for download: http://e-democracy.org/files/sound/neighborsonlinebayarea.mp3
Audio in SlideShare is not synchronized with slides.
Governments and non-profits around the world are experimenting with social media as a site of civic engagement. Online public participation is a young field however, and little is known about the benefits or limitations of these projects. This Net Tuesday (Net Squared) presentation looks at the use of social media for activism and participation in government. Recently in Vancouver, Canada, hundreds of residents and commuters participated in a July 2011 Facebook conversation about the City of Vancouver’s Transportation Plan.
http://bit.ly/qX6ePO
Cook library at the broadband conference 2018Ann Treacy
Cook Public Library https://www.alslib.info
Crystal Phillips crystal.phillips@alslib.info
Cook Public Library allows patrons to checkout mobile hotspots so that patrons can access broadband from home. She will tell us about the program and maybe some other innovative ways they are using broadband especially with teens.
Digital Divide The Factors, Developments and SuggestionsBeth Schoren
The Factors of Who, Where & What
With New Commitments Developing &
Suggestions for Achievement that Meet Four United Nations Goals on Sustainability Target Date 2030
Reader-to-Leader Framework is designed to help researchers, designers, and managers understand what motivates technology-mediated social participation. This will enable them to improve interface design and social support for their companies, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations.
Thinking in networks: what it means for policy makers – PDF 2014Alberto Cottica
Network thinking is increasingly being adopted by policy makers, even at senior level. We explore what is driving this change, and what its long-term consequences might be in a society where "smart swarms" are becoming important, and public policy is being enacted by agents other than the state. Keynote given to Personal Democracy Forum Italy in Rome, September2014.
Lee Rainie, Director of the Pew Research Center Internet Project, shows how the large, loosely knit social circles of networked individuals expand opportunities for learning, problem solving, decision making, and personal interaction. The new social operating system of “networked individualism” requires us to develop networking skills and strategies, work on maintaining ties, and balance multiple overlapping networks. The “triple revolution” that has brought on this transformation: the rise of social networking, the capacity of the Internet to empower individuals, and the always-on connectivity of mobile devices. Drawing on extensive evidence, Rainie examines how the move to networked individualism has driven changes in organizational structure, job performance criteria, and the way people interact in workplaces. He presents a glimpse of the new networked enterprise and way of working.
Slides from a short presentation at Code Across Seattle civic hack day, first discussing how emerging trends in s open data & social media may be applied to solving civic issues, and then reviewing some of our recent work looking specifically at the use of social media/open data for increased community development and civic engagement.
Presented at IZEAfest in Orlando, FL
Social network and sharing analysis including:
+Document analysis at scale: Meme tracking combined with other variables like sentiment and bias
+Social network at scale: Information cascades and virality, inference of social networks given meme-like information as contagions
+The node level perspective and its effects on what an individual sees and shares: Illusions, effort and overload, topics, personality and demographics
+Personas and segmentation: Grouping based on demographics and interests
Just What Is Social in Social Media? An Actor-Network Critique of Twitter Age...Jeffrey Keefer
These are the slides I presented at the #SMSociety15 conference https://smsociety15.sched.org/event/84f2409561cd92c5cc1fc5b8b01558f9
While social media includes the applications that support the creation and exchange of user generated and participatory content (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010), the focus is commonly on the presentation or actions of users, the networks created on the platforms, and what we can do to promote our various WIIFMs (What’s In It For Me). It is less studied from the perspective of the networks themselves, especially through the influence and role of the non-human elements. Through this inverted perspective much may be learned, especially involving simple assumptions about the role of agency, namely the power to act (Latour, 2013). It is this social aspect of social media where actor-network theory can be most usefully employed, as the agency of things themselves may frequently be overlooked (Adams & Thompson, 2011) when rushing to understand the black box of assumptions present in social media research and practice.
Cook library at the broadband conference 2018Ann Treacy
Cook Public Library https://www.alslib.info
Crystal Phillips crystal.phillips@alslib.info
Cook Public Library allows patrons to checkout mobile hotspots so that patrons can access broadband from home. She will tell us about the program and maybe some other innovative ways they are using broadband especially with teens.
Digital Divide The Factors, Developments and SuggestionsBeth Schoren
The Factors of Who, Where & What
With New Commitments Developing &
Suggestions for Achievement that Meet Four United Nations Goals on Sustainability Target Date 2030
Reader-to-Leader Framework is designed to help researchers, designers, and managers understand what motivates technology-mediated social participation. This will enable them to improve interface design and social support for their companies, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations.
Thinking in networks: what it means for policy makers – PDF 2014Alberto Cottica
Network thinking is increasingly being adopted by policy makers, even at senior level. We explore what is driving this change, and what its long-term consequences might be in a society where "smart swarms" are becoming important, and public policy is being enacted by agents other than the state. Keynote given to Personal Democracy Forum Italy in Rome, September2014.
Lee Rainie, Director of the Pew Research Center Internet Project, shows how the large, loosely knit social circles of networked individuals expand opportunities for learning, problem solving, decision making, and personal interaction. The new social operating system of “networked individualism” requires us to develop networking skills and strategies, work on maintaining ties, and balance multiple overlapping networks. The “triple revolution” that has brought on this transformation: the rise of social networking, the capacity of the Internet to empower individuals, and the always-on connectivity of mobile devices. Drawing on extensive evidence, Rainie examines how the move to networked individualism has driven changes in organizational structure, job performance criteria, and the way people interact in workplaces. He presents a glimpse of the new networked enterprise and way of working.
Slides from a short presentation at Code Across Seattle civic hack day, first discussing how emerging trends in s open data & social media may be applied to solving civic issues, and then reviewing some of our recent work looking specifically at the use of social media/open data for increased community development and civic engagement.
Presented at IZEAfest in Orlando, FL
Social network and sharing analysis including:
+Document analysis at scale: Meme tracking combined with other variables like sentiment and bias
+Social network at scale: Information cascades and virality, inference of social networks given meme-like information as contagions
+The node level perspective and its effects on what an individual sees and shares: Illusions, effort and overload, topics, personality and demographics
+Personas and segmentation: Grouping based on demographics and interests
Just What Is Social in Social Media? An Actor-Network Critique of Twitter Age...Jeffrey Keefer
These are the slides I presented at the #SMSociety15 conference https://smsociety15.sched.org/event/84f2409561cd92c5cc1fc5b8b01558f9
While social media includes the applications that support the creation and exchange of user generated and participatory content (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010), the focus is commonly on the presentation or actions of users, the networks created on the platforms, and what we can do to promote our various WIIFMs (What’s In It For Me). It is less studied from the perspective of the networks themselves, especially through the influence and role of the non-human elements. Through this inverted perspective much may be learned, especially involving simple assumptions about the role of agency, namely the power to act (Latour, 2013). It is this social aspect of social media where actor-network theory can be most usefully employed, as the agency of things themselves may frequently be overlooked (Adams & Thompson, 2011) when rushing to understand the black box of assumptions present in social media research and practice.
Professional Development Learning Module created by Akosua Joiner and Alexis Scranton on the topic of Internet Addiction. This topic falls under the Health & Wellness strand of Digital Literacy.
The New Journalist in the Age of Social MediaJD Lasica
In the age of social media, what should be the role of the New Journalist -- not one who works for a traditional news organization but a social entrepreneur launching a media project for a nonprofit?
The New Journalist at a nonprofit or startup will be a storyteller and multimedia producer but will also have to take on additional roles:
• entrepreneur
• conversation facilitator
• social marketer
• futurist
• metrics & research nerd
Here's my presentation for the New Media Lab on Nov. 23, 2009, in San Francisco, bringing together new media innovators to kick off a year-long project covering nonprofits, journalism and social media.
The focus is on how to leverage social media for Doing Good 2.0
SEO has changed a lot over the last two decades. We all know about Google Panda & Penguin, but did you know there was a time when search engine results were returned by humans? Crazy right? We take a trip down memory lane to chart some of the biggest events in SEO that have helped shape the industry today.
An impactful approach to the Seven Deadly Sins you and your Brand should avoid on Social Media! From a humoristic approach to a modern-life analogy for Social Media and including everything in between, this deck is a compelling resource that will provide you with more than a few take-aways for your Brand!
What 33 Successful Entrepreneurs Learned From FailureReferralCandy
Entrepreneurs encounter failure often. Successful entrepreneurs overcome failure and emerge wiser. We've taken 33 lessons about failure from Brian Honigman's article "33 Entrepreneurs Share Their Biggest Lessons Learned from Failure", illustrated them with statistics and a little story about entrepreneurship... in space!
The What If Technique presented by Motivate DesignMotivate Design
Why "What If"...?
The What If Technique tackles the challenge of engaging a creative, disruptive mindset when it comes to design thinking and crafting innovative user experiences.
Thinking disruptively is a disruptive thing to do, which means it's a very hard thing to do, especially when you add in risk-averse business leaders and company cultures, who hold on tight to psychological blocks, corporate lore, and excuse personas that stifle creativity and possibilities (see www.motivatedesign.com/what-if for more details).
The What If Technique offers key steps, tools and examples to help you achieve incremental changes that promote disruptive thinking, overcome barriers to creativity, and lead to big, innovative differences for business leaders, companies, and ultimately user experiences and products.
Let's find out what's what together! Explore your "What Ifs" with us. See www.motivatedesign.com/what-if for details about the What If Technique, studio workshops, the book, case studies and more downloads--including a the sample chapter "Corporate Lore and Blocks to Creativity"
Connect with us @Motivate_Design
You are dumb at the internet. You don't know what will go viral. We don't either. But we are slighter less dumber. So here's a bunch of stuff we learned that will help you be less dumb too.
Digital Strategy 101 is an overview of the current state of digital strategy and an exploration of core concepts, deliverables, and thought-leaders relevant to young practitioners.
Too many issues to count: Signifying friendship on FacebookDaniel Hooker
A presentation on my final paper for LIBR 559B: New Media for Children and Young Adults. The paper is a semiotic analysis of a popular Facebook meme and concerns the establishment of theoretical principles of human communication to online social networking behaviour.
In order for the internet to play a greater role as an instrument for social and personal empowerment, we need to understand what the everyday life of an individual belonging to a minority or marginalized community encompasses. Such an approach calls for closer examination of the practices, system of relations and context of particular minority and marginalized users in order to figure out what is meaningful to them and how they use (or do not use) different forms of the internet for meeting their objectives. There is a need to acknowledge the multiple conceptualizations and forms of internet use as disadvantaged users apply these differently for meeting specific agendas.
This article presented three projects working with minority and marginalized users. In the context of future research on internet use, three broad sets of variables are closely connected and require careful attention:
• The type of marginalized group;
• The goals, expectations and identification of what particular marginalized users consider to be meaningful in their everyday life; and
• The selected method of research.
Director Lee Rainie describes how libraries can be actors in building and participating in social networks through their use of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and blogging and through delivering their time-tested — and trusted — services to their patrons. More: http://pewinternet.org/Presentations/2011/May/San-Francisco-Public-Library.aspx
Lee Rainie explores the role of social networks – the technological kind as well as the real-world kind – in shaping the way people gather community information and make sense of it.
The Impacts of Social Networking and Its AnalysisIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
New Voices: The Civic Technology and Open Government OpportunitySteven Clift
New Voices: The Civic Technology and Open Government Opportunity
Join civic technology leader Steven Clift and White House Champion of Change for Open Government, for a presentation and dialogue on reaching new and more representative voices through open government and civic technology.
The stakes are high - will open government and civic technology ironically lead to greater concentration of power among fewer, often similar voices or will more open government and community engagement online lead to better government decisions, stronger communities and more problem-solving?
Find out what the numbers say.
Learn from on the ground local examples with global implications.
Online Civic Communicators
Clift will highlight myth-busting research from the Pew Internet and American Life project and share unique highlights from E-Democracy's Knight Foundation-funded BeNeighbors.org initiative that is designed to foster local neighbourhood engagement online that builds bridges across income, race, and native-born and immigrant communities.
E-Democracy's 2013 Team
Connecting neighbors online, from using Facebook Groups to respond to Hurricane Sandy to parents in Park Slope to over 1000 households in just one Minneapolis neighborhood connecting in community life offers hope in an era of growing public mistrust.
Clift will also offer some global highlights about interesting open source "e-participation" trends he discovered in his recent European speaking trip. If you cannot attend, this video of a recent presentation hosted by the Finnish Ministy of Justice and these slides.
Hosted by E-Democracy.org. Special thanks to the UNDP for hosting this event and betaNYC for promotion.
The gathering will leverage content from roundtable discussions hosted in Washington DC at the Sunlight Foundation, San Francisco at Code for America, and in London with Lobbi, on the Pew Internet and American Life Project’s report on Civic Engagement in the Digital Age and Clift’s inclusion analysis.
About Steven Clift and E-Democracy
Steven Clift at CityCampMN
Steven Clift passing out giant roll of bubble wrap at CityCampMN in Nov. 2013. You have to attend the New Voices event for the scoop.
Steven Clift, @democracy on Twitter, is the founder and Executive Director of E-Democracy.org. E-Democracy is based in Minneapolis, Minnesota and created the world’s first election information website in 1994. Today, E-Democracy convens people globally on democracy and community online. Minnesota is their primary next generation civic technology test-bed where they mix inclusive mass participation with technology and partner with Code for America to support the Open Twin Cities brigade.
Steven was recently named a White House Champion of Change for Open Government.
This was the second lunch presentation of DSVP's Social Innovation Series. The presentation "Social Media for a Cause" was given by Kim Young, the forest and the trees.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Hampton ASA 2012 Slides
1. Isolated?
New Technologies, Social Support,
Civic Engagement and Democracy.
Keith N. Hampton
Associate Professor
School of Communication & Information
Rutgers University
Email: keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
Web: www.mysocialnetwork.net
Twitter: @mysocnet
2. Fundamental Question
Is the use of new information and
communication technologies (ICTs) associated
with social isolation?
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 2
3. A recent sample from the mass media…
“Facebook to Twitter—have made us more densely
networked than ever. Yet, we have never been lonelier
and that this loneliness is making us mentally and
physically ill.”
May 2012. The Atlantic.
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net
4. A recent sample from the mass media…
“We expect more from technology and less from one
another and seem increasingly drawn to technologies
that provide the illusion of companionship without the
demands of relationship.”
April 21, 2012. The New York Times.
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net
5. What is Social Isolation?
The absence of core ties (discussion confidants).
Speaks to the availability of social support and potential for
deliberative democracy.
About strong ties.
Marsden (1987); McPherson, Smith-Lovin, & Brashears (2006)
Low civic/civil engagement (participatory democracy).
Civic behaviors: involvement in formal charitable and
community groups or institutions that address public issues or
concerns.
Civil behaviors: support mechanisms and commitment to
provide informal services that are independent of government
and formal institutions.
About weak ties.
Putnam (2000).
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 5
6. Pew Research Center Projects
Pew Internet & American Life Project.
2008 Pew Research: Random digit dial national survey
of 2,512 adults.
Includes non-users and users of various ICTs.
2009 Pew Report on “Social Isolation & New Technology.”
2010 Pew Research: Random digit dial national survey
of 2,255 adults.
Included a 24% sub-sample of 2008 participants.
2011 Pew Report on “Social Networking Sites and Our Lives.”
Technology use measured as frequency of use at
home/work and type of use (e.g., mobile phone,
blogs, IM, share digital photos online, Facebook,
MySpace, etc.).
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 6
7. Core Relationships
Administered the “important matters” name generator
from the 1985 and 2004 U.S. GSS.
“From time to time, most people discuss important
matters with other people. Looking back over the last
six months – who are the people with whom you
discuss important matters?”
Recorded up to 5 unique names for each question.
Asked a series of follow-up questions about each
name (e.g., to measure diversity kin/non-kin).
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 7
9. Core Discussion Networks
Social Isolation
No spike in social isolation since 1985.
Predicting social isolation using logistic regression.
Demographic controls: sex, age, education, marital
status, children, race, ethnicity.
IM users = 49% less likely to be socially isolated.
Heavy twitter users (daily use) = 51% more likely to be
socially isolated.
However, there are few zeros (social isolation is rare)!
IM and Twitter use, also relatively rare. Few are IM
users (N=33/2250) or Twitter users (N=9/2250).
This model is not valid or reliable!
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 9
10. Core Discussion Networks
Size
Mean size of about 2 core ties (similar to the 2004 GSS).
Predicting core network size using Poisson regression:
No negative relationship between any type of Internet /
mobile phone use and size of core discussion networks.
Internet user = 14% more close relationships than non-users.
IM user = 12% more confidants than other Internet users.
Facebook user (multiple times/day) = 9% more core ties than
other Internet users.
The magnitude of the relationship between Internet use
and the size of core discussion networks is very high
compared to known network “boosters”:
University degree (4 years edu) = 12% more close
relationships.
Female = 15% more close relationships.
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 10
11. It looks good, but…
Core network size is not the same as social isolation.
At the societal level, core network size may not be a consistent
measure of well-being.
Individual prosperity consistently predicts larger core
networks: i.e. education (and maybe ICT use).
However, at the societal level, a small core network may not
indicate lower well-being at all.
Where formal support is high (economy + State + civic society),
a small number of core ties may provide all the necessary
informal support. A small core may not indicate any deficit in
access to support (or democratic engagement).
Contrast this with a society where formal resources are scarce,
the informal support available from a large core network may be
necessary for survival!
– a network paradox.
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 11
12. A Network Paradox
2008 survey of core discussion networks in Norway and Ukraine
conducted at the same time as the Pew Personal Networks &
Community Survey (Telenor Group).
USA NOR UKR
Mean discussion network 1.93 2.58 3.78
Isolated (%) 12.0 15.4 1.1
Have nonkin core tie (%) 50.7 48.4 75.9
At the societal level, large core networks are not a sign of prosperity,
they are a sign of uncertainty and scarcity.
Smaller core networks in America may be part of a longer historical
trend related to the relative availability of formal resources.
ICTs may advance this trend further by increasing access to informal
social support (making access to informal support more efficient).
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 12
13. Do ICT users get more support?
MOS Social Support Scale
Total Support (0-100):
Female = +2.4
Married = +10.6
Substantively higher support in comparison to known
contributors.
Internet user compared to non-user = +3.4
Blogger compared to other Internet users = +2.8
Facebook (multiple times/day) compared to other Internet
users = +4.6
Facebook use is equivalent to half a marriage!
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 13
14. Are ICTs users less democratically
engaged?
Social isolation = low levels of civic/civil engagement.
Should we expect a direct relationship? Is use of a
technology directly relate to engagement? Or is it mediated
by another predictor of engagement?
Network diversity is one of the strongest predictor of civic
behaviors. The more diverse social milieus people
participate in (groups and places), the more diverse their
networks tend to be.
Social milieus vary in the diversity they provide: public
spaces, semi-public spaces (e.g., cafes), schools, voluntary
groups, religious institutions, neighborhoods, etc.
The question may not be, does ICT affect civic
engagement, but does ICT use affect network diversity.
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 14
15. Path model of the relationship between ICT use, social settings & network diversity.
Internet use
Semipublic
Frequent Internet use at spaces
home R2=.159
Frequent Internet use at work .124* .201***
Religious
institutions
R2=.087
Use only landline phone
Use only cell phone Voluntary groups Network
diversity
R2=.138
R2=.380
Blogging
Public spaces
Share digital photos online
R2=.125
.116*
Social networking services
Neighborhood
ties
Instant messaging R2=.197
Notes: Predicting difference from population mean network diversity. All coefficients on the arrows are unstandardized OLS regression
coefficients. The coefficients of control variables are not shown.
* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p <.001 15
16. New Tech, Same Settings
About half of the benefit, in terms of network
diversity, of using ICTs comes from the positive
relationship between ICT use and use of traditional
social settings.
Internet users visit semipublic spaces more frequently.
Heavy Internet users visit semipublic spaces even more
frequently.
Bloggers go to church more, volunteer more, and are more
frequent visitors of public spaces.
People who share digital photos online, volunteer more, and
visit public spaces more often.
Those who have both a cell phone and a landline phone visit
semipublic spaces more, attend church more frequently, and
volunteer with more groups.
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 16
17. Bonding, Bridging or ICTs for
Civic/Civil Engagement?
If we accept that ICT use is associated with larger core networks
(strong ties) and more diverse networks overall (weak ties), How
much do ICTs matter for civil/civic behaviors when we control for
core networks and network diversity?
Logistic regression controlling for age, sex, education, race,
ethnicity, employment status, marriage, children, and mobility.
Predicting civic behaviors:
Participation in community groups, charitable organizations, sports
groups, youth groups, religious institutions, and other voluntary
organizations.
Predicting civil behaviors:
Listened to a neighbor’s problems, helping a neighbor with
household chores, lending a neighbor tools or supplies, caring a
neighbor’s family member, loaning a neighbor money.
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 17
18. Determinism or network affordance?
Network diversity is a consistent, strong predictor of all civic
and civil behaviors.
Civic behaviors: 80-110% more likely to engage when 1 SD above
the mean.
Civil behaviors: 50-80% more likely to engage when 1 SD above
the mean.
Core network size and/or diversity (kin/non-kin and political
diversity) rarely a predictor of any civic and civil behaviors.
ICT use (IM, mobile phone, email, SMS, SNS) has no negative
relationships to civil or civic behaviors.
Civic behaviors: ICTs are rarely a direct predictor.
Civil behaviors: ICTs more consistent, but are still a relatively rare
predictor.
It’s about affordances for networks, not determinism.
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 18
19. Conclusion
ICT use does not have a negative relationship to social isolation.
Core ties: little evidence of a recent change in social isolation
(the same change that has been happening for generations).
ICT use may be part of a societal trend where prosperity predicts
smaller core networks (the opposite of individual trends).
ICT use affords access to core ties, thus ICT users have better
access to informal social support.
Civic/civil engagement: no evidence that ICT use is associated
with lower engagement.
The direct relationship between ICT use and civic/civil engagement,
while not absent, is inconsistent and relatively modest.
ICT use is related to engagement in diverse social milieus (some of
which exist online), which affords network diversity.
Even if core networks are smaller, network diversity (weak ties) is a
stronger and more consistent predictor of engagement.
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 19
20. References
Comparing Bonding and Bridging Ties for Democratic Engagement:
Everyday Use of Communication Technologies within Social Networks
for Civic and Civil Behaviors. Information, Communication & Society 14(4),
510-528. 2011.
How New Media Affords Network Diversity: Direct and Mediated
Access to Social Capital through Participation in Local Social Settings.
New Media & Society 13(7). 1031-1049. 2011.
Core Networks, Social Isolation, and New Media: Internet and Mobile
Phone Use, Network Size, and Diversity. Information, Communication &
Society 14(1), 130-155. 2011.
Social Networking Sites and Our Lives: How People’s Trust, Personal
Relationships, and Civic and Political Involvement are Connected to
Their Use of Social Networking Sites and Other Technologies. Pew
Research Center. Washington, DC. 2011.
Social Isolation and New Technology: How the Internet and Mobile
Phones Impact Americans’ Social Networks. Pew Research Center.
Washington, DC. 2009.
Keith N. Hampton
keith.hampton@rutgers.edu
www.mysocialnetwork.net 20