The document provides a timeline of major dynasties and periods in Indian history from pre-Gupta times to the Mughal dynasty. It outlines the rise and fall of empires like the Mauryans, Guptas, and Mughals as well as the assimilation of Islam into India. Key points include the unification of northern India under the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BC, the Classical period during the Gupta dynasty in the 4th-6th centuries AD, and the establishment of the Mughal empire in the 16th century.

1. A History of India

2. A Timeline
Taken from: thetoursofindia.com

3. I. Pre-Gupta
1. Late Vedic Period (800 – 500 BC)
2. Nanda Dynasty (500 – 321 BC)
3. Mauryan Dynasty (321 – 185 BC)
4. Sunga Dynasty (185 – 73 BC)
5. Rise of the Kushan (73 BC – 320 CE)

4. II. Gupta Dynasty
1. Rise of the Gupta (320 – 415 CE)
2. Classical Period of India
3. Great Rulers of the Gupta
4. Fall of the Gupta (415 – 540 CE)

5. III. Assimilation of Islam into India
1. Harsha (7th century CE)
2. Chola Dynasty (850 – 1175)
3. Rise of Delhi Sultanate (1175 – 1206)
4. Slave Dynasty (1206 – 1290)
5. Expansion to the South (1299 – 1324)
6. Fall of Delhi Sultanate (1324 – 1526)
7. Deccani Sultanate (15th century CE)

6. IV. Mughal Dynasty
1. Rise of the Mughals (1527 – 1530)
2. Islamic Period of India
3. Great Rulers of the Mughal
4. Fall of the Mughal (1707 – 1857)

7. Goals:
To be able to enjoy the study of India’s history
To be able to learn the value of decision-making
How to win the game:
Earn the most number of resource points and become the
dominating clan in the region

8. Preparations:
 Class divides into five clans. Each clan must
have a name.
 The clan will elect a brahmin and kshatriya.
 The clan must prepare pieces of paper (1/4
pad) on which their brahmin will write their
clan’s decisions.
 Each clan is given 50 RPs (resource pts.) to
start the game.

9. Decision-Making:
 For each segment in India’s history, there will
be given scenarios and each clan has to make
a decision in response to the scenario
 If, according to history, the decision made by
a clan is the correct response to the scenario,
they earn 25 RPs. Otherwise, they lose 25 RPs

10. Decision-Making:
 After each scenario is shown, their will be
choices to guide the clans. The clans will then
pick their decision from the given choices
 The brahmin, having the ability to communicate
with the gods, will write their choice on the piece
of paper and give it to Garuda, king of the birds
 Garuda will collect the decisions of the clans and
declare which clans received the favor of the
gods and thus 10 RPs and which clans did not

11. Blessings and Curses:
 The clans that make the right decisions will
have to send their kshatriya to try their luck in
the Box
 The Box contains blessings and curses
 Blessings and curses may affect the clan that
picked it or all the clans or none at all
 Blessings and curses may be picked more
than once

12. Expansion:
 Expansion can be achieved by upgrading your
clan’s defenses
 50 RPs is required for every upgrade
 can only be done if the clan made the right
decision
 there will be a maximum of five upgrades
 Only one upgrade at a time
 Expansion makes your clan harder to
dominate

13. Domination:
 Domination can be achieved by eliminating
another clan from the game
 A clan can only eliminate another if:
 The clan has more than a 50 RP lead from its target
 The target was unable to make the right decision
when the clan decides to eliminate it
 The clan receives half the RPs of the clan it
eliminates
 Only one clan can be eliminated per scenario

14. Redemption:
 A clan that has been eliminated will continue to
make decisions (limbo)
 If the clan makes the right decision, they may
return to the game
 However, the target cannot regain the points
lost to the dominating clan after redemption
 There are blessing and curse cards that also
resurrect clans from the dead
 A clan may be eliminated and redeemed more
than once

15. Victory, etc.:
 Victory is declared by the clan with the most
number of RPs by the end of the game
 No tiebreakers
 Upgrades are not converted back to RPs at
the end of the game
 At the end of each scenario, the clans that
made the right decision can choose to either
Expand, Dominate, or Pass

16. Taken from: memegenerator.net

17. Taken from: aratta.wordpress.com

18.  Literally means “great (maha) foothold of a
tribe (janapada)”
 Small kingdoms or states that rose to power
mostly in northern India
 Frequently in conflict for resources or
territory
 Mentioned in Buddhist and Jain literature
 By 500 BC, there were 16 mahajanapadas

19.  Second major rise in urbanization after IVC
 A divided, warring India  vulnerability as a whole
 Shift from tribal democracy to monarchy (with a
representative, elderly assembly called a Gana-
Parishad)
 increased prosperity due to increased trade locally
and internationally
 Rulers had coins minted from different metals
 formation of guilds lead to formation of sub-castes

20. Foreign Influences:
 India was invaded by the Persians and the
Greeks and influenced each other’s cultures
 Persians to Indians – Araminc form of writing and
trade
 Indians to Persians – Buddha meets Zoroaster
 Greeks to Indians – trade, introduced money,
guilds, and influenced Mauryan art
 Indians to Greeks – Indian history

21. Magadha:
 Found in northeastern India (present-day Bihar)
 By 600 – 400 BC, became the most powerful
mahajanapada
 Ruled by the Haryankas, Sisunagas, and the
Nandas
 Characterized by an efficient adminstration and a
strong army
 In a strategic position in the Ganges valley (linked
to ports along Ganges river area and aided the
trade routes)
 Where Buddha was born

22. Magadha has just risen to become a major
power player in India.
Rajgiri, the first capital of Magadha
Taken from: ensyklopedia.com

23. a) We will declare war against Magadha and
seize control of the trade routes.
b) We will not form any concrete relations with
the Magadha.
c) We will send diplomats to Magadha and
establish an alliance.
d) We will assassinate the king of Magadha and
then blame it on another mahajanapada,
causing a war.
e) We will raise taxes on exports to Magadha.

24. Alexander the Great has just invaded Punjab, in
the northwest, and is fast approaching the
territory of the Nanda Dynasty with his
formidable army.
Porus and Alexander draw
Taken from: my.chinese.cn

25. a) We will send our warriors to join Nanda
Dynasty’s army.
b) We will send our warriors to join Alexander’s
army.
c) We will sell weapons and elephants to both
sides.
d) We will make a treaty with Alexander the
Great.
e) We will maintain a non-belligerent position
in this conflict.

26. Chandragupta Maurya:
 toppled the Nanda Dynasty
 seized control of Indus Valley from the Seleucus I
Nicator
 formed an impressive centralized system
 agriculture and trade flourished
 backed by strong military resources and an
effective secret service
 Jainism convert

27. Chandragupta Maurya has just recently made a
treaty with Seleucus I Nicator and has united
the Indus and the Ganges. He has formed a
formidable kingdom.
Chandragupta’s Empire Chandragupta Maurya
Taken from: en.wikipedia.org Taken from: msmonterossosfacebookpage.wikispaces.com

28. a) We will unite all the mahajanapadas and
declare war on Chandragupta.
b) We will send Chandragupta tributes and
build friendly relations with his kingdom.
c) We will migrate south into the Deccan.
d) We will migrate northwest to the region of
the Seleucids.
e) We will begin efforts to reinstate the Nanda
Dynasty.

29. Bindusara
 little is known of his reign
 expanded Mauryan territory into the Deccan
Ashoka
 brought empire to greatest extent after seizing the
Kalinga region in the east
 promoted the arts and sciences
 Buddhism convert and sent missionaries througout
Asia
 his edicts are inscribed on rocks and pillars
throughout South Asia

30. Fall of the Mauryan Dynasty
 subsequent rulers lost territories and prestige
 squabbles began over succession
 last Mauryan emperor Brihadratha was
assassinated by his general and chief aide,
Pusyamitra

31. Ashoka has just come back from the bloody
war of Kalinga. After all the bloodshed he has
witnessed, he gathers the clans in his
kingdom to plan his next move.
Battle for Kalinga
Taken from: mannaismayaadventure.com

32. a) We will support him in his campaign of
conquest of India.
b) We will advise him to convert to Buddhism.
c) We will not give him any advice.
d) We will advise him to hand over his throne
to a steward while he takes a break.
e) We will take this opportunity to seize control
of the throne while he is weakened by the
war.

33.  Sunga Dynasty is established by Pusyamitra
but doesn’t last for long
 India revisits its chaotic, divided pre-Mauryan
history
 Small kingdoms rise in northern India led by
“Indo-Greek” rulers, like Menander, who
becomes somewhat a Buddhist saint
 They were replaced by the Kushans from
Central Asia who ruled northern India with
Ayodhya as their capital

34. Sunga Dynasty falls, and India is once again
fragmented. However, the Bactrian leaders
have declared independence from their
Seleucid overlords and are now seizing
control of northern India.

35. a) We will make a treaty with the Bactrians.
b) We will conquer as much territory as
possible before the Bactrians do.
c) We will rebuild the Mauryan kingdom and
challenge the Bactrians.
d) We will maintain a non-belligerent stance
and allow the Bactrians to invade India.
e) We will convince the Seleucids to send their
armies to crush the Bactrians.

37. Rise of the Gupta Dynasty:
 Rich family from Magadha that rose to power
 Dynasty was founded by Chandra Gupta I
 expanded militarily or through marriage
 Pataliputra, in Magadha, became the capital
 By 380, its territory had taken up much of
northern India but could not match the gains of
the Mauryan kingdom
 marked the beginning of Golden Age of India

38. Chandra Gupta has plans of annexing your
territories into his kingdom. His forces have
grown strong and mighty.
Queen Kumaradevi and King Chandra Gupta I on a coin
Taken from: en.wikipedia.org

39. a) War it is, then.
b) We will send our most beautiful girl for him
to marry.
c) We will flee and find refuge in the south.
d) We will submit ourselves willingly into his
domain.
e) We will promise to send him tribute in
exchange for our freedom.

40. Classical Period of India:
 Golden Age of India
 period of cultural development, peace, and
economic prosperity
 Fa Xian/Hien, a Chinese pilgrim, described
“beautiful cities, fine hospital and universities, and
a content and prosperous people”
 evidences: coins, pillars, and texts throughout the
period

41. Hindu converts are starting to flood your
staunch Buddhist clan.

42. a) It is not necessary to take any action on this
matter.
b) We will all convert to Hinduism.
c) We will massacre all the Hindu converts to
discourage any Hindu revival in our clan.
d) We will convince the Hindu converts to
convert to Buddhism.
e) We will adopt a policy of religious tolerance.

43.  Cultural development
▪ revival of interest in Hinduism; slight decline in Jainism
and Buddhism
▪ classic image of Buddha was developed
▪ Peak of Sanskrit language and literature
▪ Artistic temple architecture and sculpture
▪ Magnificent works of art:
▪ sculpted friezes at Udayagiri caves by Jain and Buddhist monks
▪ Painted Ajanta caves
▪ Sarnath Buddha
▪ Deogarh Dashavatara Temple panels

44. Udayagiri Caves
Taken from:
flickriver.com

45.  Advances in natural sciences
▪ decimal system was devised with zero placeholder
▪ accuracy of Pi to the fourth decimal place
▪ Symbols of 1 to 9 were devised
▪ Proposal that Earth was round not flat
▪ Surgical operations were performed
 Professional army
▪ Utilized war elephants, chariots, and bows to great
effect
▪ Disciplined and heavily armed foot soldiers
▪ Had a naval force

46.  Social Life
▪ Professions determined by caste, though not strictly
▪ Adoption was looked down upon
▪ Men dominated family and society
▪ Women were respected in society, idealized in
literature, and given a certain amount of education
▪ Gambling, animal fighting, wrestling, and athletics were
common pastimes
▪ Education was provided by Hindus and Buddhists;
universities were sponsored by Gupta kings

47.  Economic Activities
▪ Textile industry (silk, muslin, calico, linen, wool, and
cotton)
▪ Pack animals and ox carts were used to transport goods
on land; Indian ships were used on water
▪ Emergence of guilds signified progress in industry and
trade
▪ Agriculture remained an important industry
▪ Buddhist Church participated in economic activities
▪ Money was in circulation

48. Rulers of Gupta Dynasty:
 efficient conquerors and administrators
1. Chandra Gupta I
▪ Third ruler of Magadha
▪ First empire-builder; used military tactics and
marriage (to Kumaradevi)
2. Samudragupta
▪ Conquered many territories without much effort
▪ Characterized by discoveries in natural sciences
▪ “Indian Napoleon”

49. 3. Chandra Gupta II / Vikramaditya
▪ “legendary” king of India
▪ conquered the peninsula of Saurashtra
▪ established sea ports to facilitate trade and commerce
▪ most number of coins found from his reign
4. Kumaragupta I
▪ united India as a single entity
▪ was able to ward off the Hephthalites from the north

50. Hephthalites have begun to invade Gupta
territory. Clans have been requested to send
their best soldiers to the border.
Hephthalites invading Gupta
Taken from: hunzatours.com

51. a) We will make an alliance with the
Hephthalites and betray the Gupta army.
b) We will break away from the Gupta empire.
c) We will send all our soldiers and put all our
resources to stopping the White Huns.
d) We will surrender to the Hephthalites.
e) We will offer resources but will not send our
soldiers to war.

52. Fall of the Gupta Dynasty:
5. Skandagupta
▪ repulsed attacks from the Hephthalites
▪ Drained his kingdom’s resources and contributed to its
decline
 Guptas pulled back to their homeland after the
attacks of the Hephthalites (White Huns)
 India returned to being a patchwork of small
kingdoms

54. The Hephthalites have defeated the army of
the Gupta empire. India is once again
fragmented into small kingdoms.

55. a) We will seize the opportunity to start our
own dynasty.
b) We will reinstate the Gupta Dynasty.
c) We will hunt down the Hephthalites and
massacre them.
d) We will not pursue any acts of aggression.
e) We will start a war between the kingdoms
that will ensure profit, no matter the
outcome.

56.  Harsha (7th century CE) built a vast kingdom but
after his death it fragmented
 Chola Dynasty (850 – 1200) ruled all of southern
India and was a crucial staging post for Chinese
and Arabic merchant ships
 Arab traders slowly introduce Islam to the region
by the 8th century
 Muslim armies from Persia and Ghazni
(Afghanistan) attacked the region from 8th – 11th
centuries

57. Arab traders start preaching Islam to your clan.

58. a) Send the Arab traders back home.
b) Let them be.
c) Kill the Arab traders.
d) Declare a trade embargo against the Arabs.
e) Punish all those who convert to Islam.

59. Muhammad of Ghur, a Muslim nomad, has
come with an army to invade India. The other
kingdoms are requesting an alliance against
Muhammad.
Muhammad of Ghur
Taken from: hunzatours.com

60. a) Join the alliance.
b) Make an alliance with Muhammad.
c) Be a non-belligerent.
d) All convert to Islam.
e) Flee to the south.

61. Muhammad of Ghur
 Nomad who invaded India from present-day
Afghanistan
 His centralized army, mostly horsemen, defeated
the bigger and richer Indian armies
 His armies sacked Delhi in 1193 and swept
through most of South Asia

62. Qutb-ud-din Aibek builds the Qutb Minar – the
tallest minaret – to symbolize India’s
assimilation into the Muslim world.
Qutb Minar
Taken from: monuments.ws

63. a) So what?
b) Build a taller minaret.
c) Build a monument beside the minaret
dedicated to our sultanate’s power.
d) Destroy the Qutb Minar.
e) Aibek should be assassinated – he’s only the
chief aide Muhammad. Plus, he was an ex-
slave.

64. Qutb-ud-din Aibek
 One of Muhammad’s generals and ex-slave
 Established Delhi Sultanate
 Qutb Minar – tallest minaret built – to symbolize
assimilation of India into Muslim world
 Sultans built grand monuments around the Qutb
Minar to demonstrate power

65. Slave Dynasty
 Military slaves and women became sultans
(Iltutmish in 1211 and Razia Sultana in 1236)
 Succession to Sultanate was violent, at least 5 of 11
sultans assassinated
 Imperial authority grew stronger as “divine right of
kings” was propagated by refugees from Baghdad
fleeing from Mongols
 Sultans based law on pragmatism (practicality) rather
than Shariah law
 Religious tolerance

66. Your clan’s leader has become Sultan of Delhi.
He has become the target of other sultans
who think he doesn’t deserve his position.

67. a) Assassinate all the other sultans before they
assassinate our leader.
b) Replace the sultans with loyal governors.
c) Send gifts to the other sultans to appease
them.
d) Tell our leader to flee from Delhi.
e) Intimidate the sultans with a display of
power by expanding our territory.

68. Southern kingdoms of the Deccan plains have
stopped paying tribute to your sultanate.

69. a) Send an army to crush them all.
b) Loot their kingdoms.
c) Replace their kings with loyal governors.
d) Lower the amount of tribute to be paid.
e) Increase the amount of tribute to be paid by
the other provinces under our rule.

70. Expansion to the South
 Sultan Alauddin Khilji launched successful military
campaigns against southern kingdoms
 Malik Kafur, Alauddin’s favorite slave, was sent on
raids to Deccan plateau in 1311
 In 1321, Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq sent his son
Muhammad to annex southern kingdoms
▪ Southern kingdoms had stopped paying tribute
▪ Kings were replaced with loyal governors

71. The southern kingdoms have recently
successfully seceded from the Sultanate. The
formidable Mongol army, led by Timur, also
threatens to invade your Sultanate.

72. a) Launch a campaign to regain the Southern
provinces.
b) Concentrate all forces at Delhi to prepare for
a Mongol invasion.
c) Halt the advance of the Mongol forces.
d) Move the capital away from Delhi.
e) Make a treaty with the Mongol forces to
spare Delhi.

73. Fall of Delhi Sultanate
 Capital was moved to Devagiri but returned to
Delhi because of inadequate water supply
 Victory of governors of Deccan provinces in 1347
 Establishment of Bahmani kingdom
 Mongol warrior Timur (descendant of Genghis
Khan) sacks Delhi, ending its dominance in the
region
 Ibrahim Lodi’s defeat at Panipat marked the end
of the Delhi Sultanate

74.  Bahmani kingdom in the south fragmented
into five sultanates
 In 1565, united to defeat the Vijayanagar
Empire, a common rival in Southern India

76. You were recently exiled from your home. You
have supporters willing to die for you and
know that India has fragmented into weak
kingdoms.

77. a) Relax in exile.
b) Take revenge on those who exiled me.
c) Migrate to another kingdom where I can
find refuge.
d) Start a campaign to conquer India.
e) Build my own kingdom in exile.

78. Rise of the Mughal Dynasty:
 Babur, descendant of Timur, was exiled from his
home by Uzbek Shaibani Khan
 Babur seized Kabul in 1504 and moved to India
 He defeated Ibrahim Lodi in Panipat and Rajput
King at Kanua in 1527
 He consolidated Mughal rule over most of
northern India from his capital at Agra by 1530

79. Islamic Age of India
 Mughal (Persian for Mongol)
 Imperial power in the subcontinent
 Continued the assimilation of Islam into the
region
 India enjoyed relative cultural and economic
progress

80.  Mughal influences in Indian culture
▪ Characterized by unique architecture of Mughals
(Taj Mahal, Hamayun’s Tomb, Agra and Lahore Fort)
▪ Centralised, imperialistic government
▪ Persian art and culture + Indian art and culture
▪ Trade routes opened to Arab and Turkish lands
▪ Mughlai cuisine
▪ Landscape gardening
▪ Development of Urdu language (national language of
Pakistan)

81. Taj Mahal
Taken from:
rajivawijesinha.wordpress.com

82.  Advances in natural science:
▪ Mughal astronomers continued to make advances in
observational astronomy
▪ Hamayun built a personal observatory in Delhi
▪ Instruments and techniques derived from Muslim
tradition
▪ Invention of seamless celestial globe
▪ Sake Dean Mahomed used Mughal alchemy to
understand how shampoo was made and served as
shampooing surgeon to Kings George IV and William IV

83.  Mughal society
▪ Creation of road systems and uniform currency
▪ Key industry: shipbuilding for trade and maintaining
their small fleet
▪ Maktabs (elementary schools) were built in every
province
▪ Influence of caste system slowly diminished
▪ Social ladder mainly consisted of the nobility at the top,
merchants and professionals at the middle, and
peasants at the bottom

84. Foreigners arrive in large ships bearing the flag
of an East India Trading Company.
East India Trading Company Flag
Taken from: forums.taleworlds.com

85. a) Blockade their ships on port and have them
all imprisoned.
b) Kill the strange men and burn their strange
ships.
c) It’s a normal day for trading.
d) Trade with them but report their presence to
the Mughal emperor.
e) Trade with them but blast their ships as they
leave.

86.  Economic activities
▪ Mainly agriculture, trade, and shipbuilding
▪ Millets, oilseeds, cereals, hemp, chili, sugarcane, cotton,
indigo, betel, and others
▪ Textile industry flourished
▪ Transport and communication systems improved
▪ Influx of European Traders (EIC) improved economy
▪ Monetized economy

87. Hamayun, son of Babur, loses his father’s
Mughal acquisitions in India to the Afghan
ruler Sher Shah Sur and is exiled to the
Safavid court at Persia.

88. a) Declare war on Sher Shah Sur.
b) Advise Sher Shah Sur to build up his
defenses in case Hamayun returns.
c) Offer our help to Hamayun for his return in
secret.
d) Have Hamayun killed before he reaches the
Safavid court.
e) Have Sher Shah Sur killed before he reaches
Agra.

89. Rulers of Mughal Dynasty:
1. Babur
▪ founded the Mughal Dynasty after his exile
▪ ruled most of northern India from his capital at Agra
by 1530
2. Hamayun
▪ 1540, he loses his father’s gains to Afghan ruler Sher
Shah Sur
▪ Exiled to the Safavid court at Persia
▪ 1555, with Persian support, he restores Mughal rule by
defeating Sher Shah Sur’s weaker descendants

90. 3. Akbar
▪ ruled with Bairam Khan because he was too young (12 yrs. Old)
when he came to power
▪ built fortresses all over northern India
▪ established centralised government administered by warrior –
aristocrats (mansabdars)
▪ Adopted religious tolerance and married women of different
faiths
▪ Reduced influence of Muslim scholars
▪ Patronized north Indian classical music and invited famed singer
and musician, Tansen, to his court
▪ established a school of Mughal painting
▪ By 1605, his acquisitions reached from Kasmir to the north,
Deccan to the south, Afghanistan to the west, and Bengal to the
east

91. 4. Jahangir
▪ Resented being overshadowed by father’s achievements
▪ Married Nur Jahan, who became the real ruler of the
empire until the death of her husband
5. Shah Jahan
▪ Known for enormous cultural projects that became
symbols of Mughal wealth
▪ Projects were dependent on flourishing agriculture and
trade
▪ Had Taj Mahal built in Agra for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal, and
moved the capital from Agra to Delhi

92. You are away on an important campaign
against the Marathas, but you hear news that
the imperial treasury is running low. If you
stop the campaign now, all your efforts will
be put to waste.

93. a) Stop the campaign. Not worth it.
b) Continue the campaign. Victory will fill up
the coffers again.
c) Raise taxes on all exports and all provinces
of the empire.
d) The news is a lie. Kill the messenger.
e) Make a deal with the Marathas – in
exchange for the end of the
hostilities, enough money to refill the
treasury.

94. 6. Aurangzeb
▪ Oversaw expansion of the empire to its largest extent
▪ Often away from capital for military campaigns
▪ Depleted treasury trying to defeat the Marathas in the
south
▪ Strict implementation of Islam offended Rajput and
Hindu subjects

95. The East India Trading Company is becoming a
formidable threat to the weakening empire.

96. a) Stop all trade with the East India Trading
Company.
b) All hope is lost.
c) Declare war on the East India Trading
Company.
d) Secretly plan an open rebellion to restore
Mughal rule.
e) Go into exile to rebuild our forces and return
to restore Mughal rule.

97. Fall of Mughal Dynasty
 By 18th century, Mughal sovereignty was limited
to Delhi and its hinterlands
 1739, Nadir Shah sacked Delhi and seized the
Mughal treasury
 By early 19th century, East Indian Company
expanded and eroded Mughal authority over India
 1857, a final attempt to restore Mughal rule, the
Indian Mutiny, failed
▪ led to the deposition of last Mughal emperor, Bahadur
Shah, II

98. - Bahadur Shah II, last Mughal emperor, in his exile in Burma, 1857
Sepoy Rebellion
Taken from: captainnemoawesome.yolasite.com

99. 1. History by Adam Hart Davis (2007)
2. http://www.mapsofindia.com/history/
3. http://www.facts-about-india.com/mahajanapadas.php
4. http://www.livius.org/man-md/mauryas/mauryas.html
5. http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/guptas/guptas.ht
ml
6. http://www.indianmirror.com/dynasty/Guptadynasty.html
7. http://library.thinkquest.org/C006203/cgi-
bin/stories.cgi?article=economy&section=history/guptas&fram
e=parent
8. http://www.indianetzone.com/22/social_life_gupta_age.htm
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire#Influence_on_the
_Indian_subcontinent
10. http://www.indianetzone.com/50/economy_mughal_empire.ht
m

100. 1. C 11. C
2. E 12. E
3. B 13. C
4. D 14. B
5. B 15. D
6. E 16. D
7. E 17. C
8. A 18. B
9. B 19. D
10. D