Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. Typically, both sides of the body are involved, and the initial symptoms are changes in sensation or pain often in the back along with muscle weakness.
GBS Treatment
SYMPTOMS
2. GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME
• GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME
(GBS) IS A RARE NEUROLOGICAL
DISORDER IN WHICH YOUR
IMMUNE SYSTEM MISTAKENLY
ATTACKS PART OF THE
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM—THE NETWORK OF
NERVES LOCATED OUTSIDE OF
THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
3. SYMPTOM
S OF GBS
A pins and needles
sensation in your
fingers, toes, ankles or
wrist.
Weakness in your legs
that spreads to your
upper body.
Unsteady walking or
inability to walk or
climb stair.
Difficulty with facial
movements, including
speaking, chewing or
swallowing.
Double vision or
inability to move the
eye.
Severe pain
Difficulty with bladder
control or bowel
function.
Rapid heart rate.
As GBS progresses,
muscle weakness can
turn into paralysis.
4.
5. ETIOLOGY OF GBS
Most commonly, infection
with campylobacter, a
type of bacteria often
found in undercooked
poultry.
Viruses (Influenza virus,
Cytomegalovirus,
Epstein-Barr virus, Zika
viru, HIV).
Hepatitis A, B, C and E.
Mycoplasma pneumonia. Surgery. Trauma.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Rarely, influenza
vaccinations or childhood
vaccinations.
6. TYPES OF GBS
Acute inflammatory demyelinating
polyradiculo-neuropathy (AIDP), Most
Common Type, common sign of AIDP is
muscle weakness that starts in the lower
part of your body and spreads upward.
Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) Rare
variant, Manifest as a descending
paralysis. Usually affects the eye muscles
first and presents with the triad of
ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia.
7. TYPES OF GBS
Acute Motor Axonal
Neuropathy (AMAN). Attacks
motor nodes of Ranvier and is
prevalent in China and
Mexico.
Acute Motor Sensory Axonal
Neuropathy (AMSAN). Similar
to AMAN Affect the sensory
with several axonal damage.
8.
9. DIAGNOSIS OF GBS
• NERVE CONDUCTION
STUDIES. ELECTRODES
ARE TAPED TO THE SKIN
ABOVE YOUR NERVES. A
SMALL SHOCK IS PASSED
THROUGH THE NERVE TO
MEASURE THE SPEED OF
NERVE SIGNALS.
10. DIAGNOSI
S OF GBS
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) - A small
amount of fluid is withdrawn from the spinal
canal in your lower back. The fluid is tested
for a type of change that commonly occurs in
people who have Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Electromyography - Thin-needle electrodes
are inserted into the muscles your doctor
wants to study. The electrodes measure nerve
activity in the muscles.
12. TREATMENT FOR GBS
Plasmapheresis may work by ridding plasma of certain
antibodies that contribute to the immune system’s attack on the
peripheral nerves.
Immunoglobulin therapy. Immunoglobulin containing healthy
antibodies from blood donors is given through a vein
(intravenously).
Mechanical ventilator.
Pain contro.
Supportive care And Anti-Clotting Factors.
13. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RECENT STUDIES
The annual incidence of GBS range from 0.5-1.5 cases per
100,000 population in individuals younger than 18 years. It can
affect any age group.
Males appear to be at greater risk for GBS than females
Guillain-Barre syndrome may occur after infection with the
COVID-19 virus. It’s also a rare reaction in those who receive the
Johnson & Johnson or AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine.
14. RECOVERY AND THEREPY
Physical therapy
during recovery to help
you cope with fatigue
and regain strength
and proper movement.
1
Movement of your
arms and legs by
caregivers before
recovery, to help keep
your muscles flexible
and strong
2
Recovery begins,
usually lasting 6 to 12
months, though for
some people it could
take as long as three
years.
3
