The document discusses different types of respiration in plants, including autotrophic respiration, heterotrophic respiration, and photorespiration. Autotrophic respiration is divided into growth respiration, which refers to biosynthesis for tissue growth, and maintenance respiration, which sustains living tissues. Growth respiration rates differ by tissue composition, while maintenance respiration is affected by temperature and stress. Together, growth and maintenance respiration are important components of models for crop growth, ecosystem productivity, and predicting plant life cycles and yields.

1. GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE IN
RESPIRATION

2. RESPIRATION

3. RESPIRATION
 Oxidation of organic substances to CO2 and water
 Can be divided into 3 groups :
 Autotrophic respiration / plant respiration.
 Heterotrophic respiration / soil respiration.
 Photorespiration.

4. Diagram 1: Autotrophic respiration and Heterotrophic respiration

5. DEFINITION OF
AUTOTROPHIC,
HETEROTROPHIC AND
PHOTORESPIRATION

6. AUTOTROPHIC
 Capable of self-nourishment
 Requires only minerals for growth
 Uses carbonate or carbon dioxide as a source of
carbon and simple inorganic nitrogen as a nitrogen
source
Sources: GNU Webster's 1913

7. HETEROTROPHIC
 Not self-sustaining
 Dependent upon others for food.
 Requires organic compounds of carbon and nitrogen
for nourishment
Sources: Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia and WordNet 3.0

8. PHOTORESPIRATION
 Oxidation of carbohydrates in plants with the release
of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
 Happens on hot dry days when a plant is forced to
close its stomata to prevent excess water loss.
Sources: American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

9. AUTOTROPHIC
RESPIRATION

10. AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION
 Respiration: Oxidation of organic substances to CO2
and water
 Defined as loss of photosynthetically fixed carbon lost
by internal plant metabolism
 Byproduct are ATP and NADPH

11. AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION
 Common chemical equation of autotrophic respiration
for glucose is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
 The autotrophic respiration consists of:
• Growth Respiration
• Maintenance Respiration

12. AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION
Diagram 2: Tree Growth and Maintenance Diagram

13. GROWTH
RESPIRATION

14. GROWTH RESPIRATION
 Growth - refers to the biosynthesis process within a
growing organ and related phloem transport,
excluding mineral uptake and nitrogen reduction
 Includes the carbon cost of synthesizing new tissue
from glucose and minerals used for growth
 Rate for various tissue differs depends on the their
compositions.

15. GROWTH RESPIRATION
 Repair of injured tissue increase maintenance
respiration above basal rate.

16. Diagram 3: Respiration cycle of plant

17. MAINTENANCE
RESPIRATION

18. MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION
 Refers to the CO2 released, or O2 consumed, during
basal rate of metabolism of usable energy used for:
 Resynthesis of compounds that undergo renewal
 Maintenance of chemical gradients of ions and
metabolites across cellular membranes
 Operation of metabolic processes involved in
physiological adjustment to a change in the plant's
environment

19. MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION
 Temperature is the most important environmental
factor affecting maintenance respiration
 The metabolic costs of the repair of injury from stress
(biotic/abiotic) also considered as part of maintenance
respiration
 Essential for biological health and growth of plants,
sustain living tissues.

20. MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION
 Key component of most physiologically based
mathematical models of plant growth, includes:
 models of crop growth and yield
 models of ecosystem primary production and carbon
balance

21. Diagram 4: Example of Autotrophic Respiration of plant

22. CONCLUSION

23. CONCLUSION
 In sense of learning growth and maintenance
respiration in crop physiology, we can:
 Learn mechanism used by plants to grow and maintain
its growth
 Learn and predict the life cycle of a specific plant
 How to maintain a specific plant growth to increase its
yield as well as its yield production longevity (important
for economic crop producers)

24. REFERENCES

25. REFERENCES
BOOKS:
 Julian Evans ,The Forests Handbook, An Overview of Forest Science (Google
Books), pg. 195 – 196.
 J. J. Landsberg, S. T. Gower, Applications Of Physiological Ecology To Forest
Management (Google Books), pg. 139 – 140.
 James I. L. Morison, Michael D. Morecroft, Plant Growth And Climate Change
(Google Books), pg. 197 – 198.
 Richard H. Waring, S. W. Running, Forest Ecosystems: Analysis At Multiple
Scales (Google Books), pg. 67 – 69.
 Christopher The, Introduction To Mathematical Modeling Of Crop Growth
(Google Books), pg. 144

26. REFERENCES
 Theodore Thomas Kozlowski, Stephen G. Pallardy, Growth Control in Woody
Plants (Google Books), pg. 96 – 97.
 Yin Xinyou, H. H. van Laar, Crop Systems Dynamics (Google Books), pg. 20.
 Hans Lambers, Francis Stuart Chapin (III.), Francis Stuart Chapin, Thijs Leendert
Pons, Plant Physiological Ecology, Pg. 134 – 136.
INTERNET:
 Peter Kolb, University of Montana, 5 October 2011, Tree Biology,
http://www.extension.org/pages/33616/tree-biology
 Definitions of biological terms as well as its citation;
http://www.wordnik.com

27. REFERENCES
JOURNALS:
 Michael G. Ryan, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 30
August 1989, Growth and Maintenance Respiration In Stems Of Pinus controta
and Picea engelmannii, Pg. 48 – 57
 Markus Lötscher, Katja Klumpp and Hans Schnyder, Plant Science Department,
Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 1, D-85350 Freising-
Weihenstephan, Germany, Growth And Maintenance Respiration For Individual
Plants In Hierarchically Structured Canopies Of Medicago sativa And
Helianthus annuus : The Contribution Of Current And Old Assimilates

28. THANK YOU