Researchers have created primordial germ cells that give rise to eggs and sperm from human embryonic stem cells for the first time. This was done by culturing the stem cells under controlled conditions for a week. The researchers also showed these early stage sex cells can be created from adult skin cells, raising the possibility of making genetically matched sex cells. The next step will be injecting the cells into mouse ovaries and testes to see if they fully develop. This breakthrough could help understand age-related diseases, fertility problems, and allow for genetically matched IVF therapies.

1. Scientists grow sperm, egg
in lab
Medical Feat May Help Treat Age-Related Diseases, Fertility
Problems
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2. Contd..
Researchers, led by an Indian-origin scientist, have for the first
time used human embryonic stem cells to create primordial germ
cells that give rise to egg and sperm. The medical feat could
transform the understanding of age-related diseases and fertility
problems.
Although this had been done using rodent stem cells, scientists at
the University of Cambridge in UK and the Weizmann Institute in
Israel are the first to achieve this feat using human stem cells.
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3. Contd..
Researchers made the early stage sex cells by culturing human embryonic
stem cells under carefully-controlled conditions for a week. They followed
the success by showing that the same procedure can convert adult skin
tissue into precursors for sperm and eggs, raising the prospect of making sex
cells that are genetically matched to patients.
The cells should have the potential to grow into mature sperm and eggs,
though this has never been done in the lab before. The next step for the
researchers will be to inject the cells into mouse ovaries or testes to see if
they fully develop in the animals.
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4. Contd..
Skin cells could potentially be taken from patients and turned into
genetically identical sperm or eggs for use in IVF therapies.
“The creation of primordial germ cells is one of the earliest events
during early mammalian development,“ said Dr Naoko Irie, first
author of the paper from the Welcome Trust Cancer Research UK
Gurdon Institute at Cambridge. “It's a stage we've managed to
recreate using stem cells from mice and rats, but until now few
researches have done this systematically using human stem cells,“
said Irie.
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5. Contd..
Professor Azim Surani at the Gurdon Institute, who led the re search,
and his colleagues found that a gene known as SOX17 is critical for
directing human stem cells to become primordial germ cells (PGCs).
This was a surprise as the mouse equivalent of this gene is not
involved in the process.
The group showed that PGCs could also be made from
reprogrammed adult cells, which will allow investigations on patient
specific cells to advance knowledge of the human germline, infertility
and germ cell tumours.
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6. Contd..
Through studying the cells, scientists hope to unravel
how sperm and eggs arise and mature into adult sex
cells. The ability to make immature sperm and eggs
from patients' skin means scientists will be able to
compare how they develop differently when they are
made from healthy versus infertile people.
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