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Stem cell research pp final v2
1. Stem Cell Research
BERNADETTE ROBERSON, RN, BSN
KIMBERLIN SALAS, RN, BSN
DANNY VASQUEZ, RN, BSN
HCS/578 SANDRA HUPPENBAUER, RN, BSN, MSN
2. Agenda
What are the ethical dilemmas posed by Stem Cell
Research?- Bernie
How does the Stem Cell Issue affect global health? -
Bernie
How does U.S. health policy currently treat the issue?-
Kimmy
How does U.S. policy differ from international policy? -
Kimmy
What course of action would you advocate for your
audience? –Danny
3. What are Stem Cells?
Stem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that
can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized
cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells
Stem cells are of special interest
because they can "differentiate"—
i.e., transform themselves into
other cell types—and this ability
has suggested that they may
present a key to curing diseases
and abnormalities at the most
basic level of life.
Embryonic stem cell could
ultimately play a part (in
a process using recombined DNA)
in replacing any
defective body tissue or diseased
organ.
4. Three Sources of Stem Cells
Adult Stem Cell- derived
from adult or pediatric
donors
Embryo Germ Cell (EG)-
derived from aborted
fetuses
Embryonic Stem Cell-
derived from dis
aggregated pre
implantation embryos
5. What are the ethical dilemmas posed by Stem Cell
Research
Two moral principles:
Duty to prevent or alleviate suffering
Destruction of Human Embryo-
human life begins when a sperm cell
fertilizes an egg cell to form a single
cell.
Duty to respect the value of human
life
Possibility of future abuse- the
development of embryonic stem cell
therapies will lead to a cry for
therapeutic cloning.
6. How does the Stem Cell Issue affect global health?
There are great variations in international policies.
Different regulations regarding the procurement, banking distribution, and use of
stem cell lines.
It inhibits collaboration within and between countries, restricts the flow of
research, and impedes clinical translations.
7. Different beliefs from different religions
Catholics/Buddhist-
opponents- respect for life
Eastern
Orthodox/Islamic/Jewish –
proponent
Eastern Orthodox- Humans
have an obligation to heal
Islam- life occurs after (120)
(40) days after conception
Jewish-requirement to seek
to preserve life and health.
8. How does U.S. health policy currently treat Stem Cell
Research?
March 9, 2009 – President
Barack Obama issued Executive
Order (EO) 13505 (Removing
Barriers to Responsible Scientific
Research Involving Human Stem
Cells)
July 7, 2009 – National
Institutes of Health Guidelines
on Human Stem Cell Research
EO Revokes 2 items:
The Presidential statement of
August 9, 2001
EO 13435
9. How does U.S. policy differ from International Policy
U.S. Policy
Also known as public policy
Deals with policies that affect the
country, or within all of 50 states.
Covers wide range of areas e.g.
business, energy, law
enforcement, social
welfare, money/taxes.
10. How does U.S. policy differ from International Policy
Foreign Policy
Any policy of the government that
interacts with foreign nations and
sets standards of interactions for
each organizations, corporations
and individual
Official goal is: "to create a more
secure, democratic, and
prosperous world for the benefit of
the American people and the
international community” (United
States Department of State)
16. What course of action would you advocate for your
audience?
Romney is a strong
supporter of stem cell
2001- Bush prohibits research, against the practice
federal of cloning or embryo
2009-Omama lifts
financing of research farming as a source for cells.
federal ban on funding
using new stem lines. He is also against
stem cell
Research. federal funds being used for
(Keeps funding for embryonic stem cell
existing harvested eggs) research.
18. References
Boyer, P. J. (2010). The Covenant. New Yorker, 86, 60-67.
Burkhardt, M. A., & Nathaniel, A. K. (2008). ETHICS & ISSUES
In Contemporary Nursing (3rd ed.). Mason, OH: Delmar Centage Learning.
Davis, B., Riccio, P., Hashimoto, M., & Gilbert. S. (n.d.). Ethical and public policy issues
concerning stem cell research. Retrieved September 2, 2012, from
http://9e.devbio.com/article.php?ch=21&id=258
Ethical issues in human stem cell research. (1999). Retrieved September 2, 2012, from
http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/nbac/stemcell.pdf
Jay P. Lefkowitz (2008). Stem Cells and the President-An Inside account (Jay P.
Lefkowitz)
National Institute of Health (NIH) Stem cell. (n.d.). Retrieved September 2, 2012, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell
Stem cell research: The impact on public health. (n.d.). Retrieved September
2, 2012, from http://www.cwru.edu/med/epidbio/mphp439/Stem_Cell_Research.htm
http://stemcells.nih.gov/policy
www.bingimages.com
www.googleimages.com
www.state.gov/documents/organization/59163.pdf
www.youtube.com
Editor's Notes
www.googleimages.com
There are all kinds of stem cells. Adults and i children have them, animals have them, and they exist in the placenta of pregnant women and in the umbilical cord of infants as well. Stem cells are of special interest because they can "differentiate"— i.e., transform themselves into other cell types—and this ability has suggested that they may present a key to curing diseases and abnormalities at the most basic level of life.embryonic stem cell could ultimately play a part (ina process using recombined DNA) in replacing anydefective body tissue or diseased organ.The political problem surrounding such research arose from the fact that in 1995 Congress prohibited federal money from being used in any research that destroys an embryo
www.googleimages.comAdult Stem Cell- cells act as a repair system for the body and replenishing adult tissue. Adult stem cell treatments have been successfully used for many years to treat leukemia and related bone/blood cancers through bone marrow transplants.
www.googleimages.comDestruction of Human Embryo-Embryos used in these studies were created for reproductive purposes through in vitro fertilization procedure. When they are no longer needed for that purpose, they are donated for research with the informed consent of the donors.Possibility of future abuse- cloning to obtain clinical embryonic stem cells is unnatural. It involves producing a viable embryo without fertilization.
www.googleimages.comLaws in different countries: United Kingdom, Sweden, and Singapore- have the most liberal laws related to Stem cell research Australia- similar to United States Austria and Germany- have more restrictive laws Speaker notes- United Kingdom – researchers are allowed to use embryonic stem cells from discarded embryos to create embryos for research purposes.
www.bingimages.comLink to the EO http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2009-03-11/pdf/E9-5441.pdf“EO changes the way National Institutes of Health (NIH) can support and conduct human stem cell research. The HHS Secretary, through the NIH Director, is required to review existing NIH and other widely-recognized guidelines on human stem cell research and issue new NIH guidance within 120 days of the date of the EO.”National Institutes of Health Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research link: http://stemcells.nih.gov/policy/2009guidelines.htmSummary:The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is hereby publishing final "National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Human Stem Cell Research" (Guidelines).On March 9, 2009, President Barack H. Obama issued Executive Order 13505: Removing Barriers to Responsible Scientific Research Involving Human Stem Cells. The Executive Order states that the Secretary of Health and Human Services, through the Director of NIH, may support and conduct responsible, scientifically worthy human stem cell research, including human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research, to the extent permitted by law. These Guidelines implement Executive Order 13505, as it pertains to extramural NIH-funded stem cell research, establish policy and procedures under which the NIH will fund such research, and helps ensure that NIH-funded research in this area is ethically responsible, scientifically worthy, and conducted in accordance with applicable law. Internal NIH policies and procedures, consistent with Executive Order 13505 and these Guidelines, will govern the conduct of intramural NIH stem cell research.Human Embryonic Stem Cell Policy Under Former President Bush - (Aug. 9, 2001–Mar. 9, 2009)Expanding Approved Stem Cell Lines in Ethically Responsible Ways (June 20, 2007) link: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2007-06-22/pdf/07-3112.pdf http://stemcells.nih.gov/policy
www.bingimages.comUS policy example: taxes, healthcare, educational reforms, etc. Certain domestic policy issues are especially controversial among people of different cultures, religions, and personal beliefs. Examples of such issues include abortion rights, the rights of homosexuals, the role of religion in public life, and the place of cultural diversity in education and employment.
www.bingimages.comForeign policy example: war on terror, nuclear proliferation, treaties and negotiations http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/59163.pdf
Google imagesThe US Constitution gives much of the foreign policy decision-making to the presidency, but the Senate has a role in ratifying treaties, and the Supreme Court interprets treaties when cases are presented to it.
www.googleimages.comIn 2004, voters in California approved $3 billion in taxpayer dollars to fund embryonic stem-cell research in theirown state. Last November, voters in New Jersey went in the opposite direction, rejecting a measuresimilar to California's that would have cost them $450 million. And then, only days after the New Jersey vote, came the announcement that it would no longer be necessary to use embryos to do embryonic stem-cell research.
www.youtube.comIn 2006, a close Senate race in Missouri tilted decisively toward the Democrats after the airing of an emotionallyaffecting television advertisement featuring the actor Michael J. Fox, who suffers from Parkinson's disease and who attacked the Republican candidate for his retrograde position on the matter.Bush refused to accept the notion that we must choose between medical research and the principle of the dignity of life at every stage. He sought both to advance biomedical science and at the same time to respect the sanctity of human life. In the end he came to a moderate, balanced decision that drew a prudent and principled line. The decision was both informed and reasoned, based on lengthy study and consultation with peopleof widely divergent viewpoints. It was consciously not guided by pubic-opinion polls.
www.googleimages.comON AUGUST 9, 2001, President Bush announced a compromise decision on the contentiousquestion of whether the federal government should provide financial support for research into the curative properties of human stem cells extracted from embryos. Bush's compromise allowed funding for researchinto embryonic stem cells that had already been harvested. At the same time, he disallowed funding for procedures that would collect stem cells from frozen (but still living) embryos, since doing so would require their destruction.But that life-or death decision would not be made anew with taxpayer dollars.Dickey Amendment, a piece of legislation passed in 1995 that precluded federal funding of "research in which a human embryo or embryos are destroyed.“ We're tinkering with the boundaries of life here," Bush said when I finished. "We're on the edge of a cliff. And if we take a step off the cliff, there's no going back. Perhaps we should only take one step at a time."
