Why Athletes Need Genetic Enhancement
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This document discusses several issues relating to the use of genetic testing and human enhancement technologies in sports. It notes that as gene transfer techniques develop, their integration into health enhancement will increase. Several organizations have discussed the ethical issues around gene doping and performance enhancement in sports over the past decade. While some forms of enhancement may be acceptable, current experimental technologies cannot be used for enhancement due to risks and lack of efficacy evidence. The document examines questions around the selection of athletes, privacy, discrimination, conflicts of interest, and what constitutes an ethical and responsible use of genetic information in sports.
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3) It discusses the debate around stem cell research in the US and other countries, noting both support and restrictions on the use of embryonic stem cells and human cloning.
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The use of stem cells in office procedures as the practice of medicine is commercializing in the USA, there are risks that arise because of this, but there are also benefits that are possible. Regulation is needed, but barring an MD and its patient from these procedures simply pushes them outside of the country or into incognito modes. This is where true danger arises, a path to expeditiously and ethically practice should be established where the patient consent is true, and the doctor is enhanced in his practice rather than tied down.
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Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo.
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able to grow (i.e. differentiate) into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.
In other words, they can develop into each of the more than 200 cell types of the adult body as long as they are specified to do so.
Embryonic stem cells are distinguished by two distinctive properties: their pluripotency, and their ability to replicate indefinitely.
ES cells are pluripotent, that is, they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
These include each of the more than 220 cell types in the adult body.
Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells found in adults; while embryonic stem cells can generate all cell types in the body, adult stem cells are multipotent and can produce only a limited number of cell types.
Additionally, under defined conditions, embryonic stem cells are capable of propagating themselves indefinitely.
This allows embryonic stem cells to be employed as useful tools for both research and regenerative medicine, because they can produce limitless numbers of themselves for continued research or clinical use.
Because of their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, ES cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease.
Diseases that could potentially be treated by pluripotent stem cells include a number of blood and immune-system related genetic diseases, cancers, and disorders; juvenile diabetes;
Parkinson's; blindness and spinal cord injuries.
Besides the ethical concerns of stem cell therapy, there is a technical problem of graft-versus-host disease associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
However, these problems associated with histocompatibility may be solved using autologous donor adult stem cells, therapeutic cloning, stem cell banks or more recently by reprogramming of somatic cells with defined factors (e.g. induced pluripotent stem cells).
Other potential uses of embryonic stem cells include investigation of early human development, study of genetic disease and as in vitro systems for toxicology testing.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and divide to produce more stem cells. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells which are derived from embryos and are flexible but difficult to differentiate uniformly, and adult stem cells which are found in tissues like bone marrow and umbilical cord and are not immunogenic but limited in quantity. Stem cells have the potential to treat diseases by replacing damaged cells and can be used to study disease development.
PHI 204 - Therapeutic Cloning
Therapeutic cloning involves extracting embryonic stem cells from cloned embryos to potentially treat diseases. Opponents argue this destroys potential human life, as the embryos would be destroyed. Advocates counter that embryos are just a clump of cells incapable of suffering, so existing people suffering from diseases should take priority. Both sides see human life as sacred but disagree on whether potential or existing life holds more moral weight given existing people's capacity for suffering.
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This document discusses stem cells, stem cell therapy, and the ethical and political dilemmas surrounding stem cell research. It provides background on what stem cells are, how stem cell therapy works and its advantages. However, extracting stem cells from human embryos requires their destruction and poses an ethical dilemma between advancing medical research and respecting human life. The document examines different views on the moral status of human embryos and how political decisions can influence stem cell research.
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Therapeutic cloning involves harvesting somatic cells from a patient and using them to create patient-specific embryonic stem cells via somatic cell nuclear transfer. These stem cells could potentially be used to treat various diseases by replacing damaged tissues and organs, repairing autoimmune disorders, or delivering gene therapy. However, significant technological and moral barriers remain, including the inability to reliably create human embryonic stem cells through cloning and opposition from groups who believe such embryos should be considered viable human life. Further research is still needed to ensure stem cells can safely differentiate, survive in patients, and function properly without harm. A legal definition of when an embryo becomes an organism could help resolve some moral debates over therapeutic cloning.
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Stem cell research holds promise to treat many medical conditions but also faces ethical controversies. While embryonic stem cells are fully pluripotent, their use raises concerns about human embryo destruction. Alternatives like induced pluripotency and somatic cell nuclear transfer aim to achieve the benefits of embryonic stem cells without using embryos. Government policies on funding stem cell research have varied between administrations and some regulations are criticized for being hastily made and hindering scientific progress. Overall, stem cell research could help millions but also generates religious and ethical debates around topics like cloning and embryo use that societies are still grappling with.
Controversy with embryonic stem cell research
A cell is the basic unit of life, and there are two main types of stem cells: embryonic and adult. Embryonic stem cells can become any type of tissue or organ, while adult stem cells are more limited. Scientists want to advance embryonic stem cell research for potential medical benefits, as these cells can renew themselves and adapt to their environment. However, this research is politically and ethically controversial. Former President Bush allowed only limited funding and Clinton revised related policies. Religions like Catholicism believe life begins at conception, while some Muslims permit research that benefits humanity if it does not question God. The document discusses these perspectives and debates regarding embryonic stem cell research.
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1) It defines embryonic and adult stem cells, and their potential uses in research and therapies.
2) It describes how embryonic stem cells are harvested from the inner cell mass of blastocysts and cultured, and the challenges of doing so.
3) It discusses the debate around stem cell research in the US and other countries, noting both support and restrictions on the use of embryonic stem cells and human cloning.
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Ethical isssues related to research in embryonic stem cell cloning.
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2) Certain genetic variants are associated with increased aerobic power and endurance ability, like variants in genes ACE, NOS3, and HIF1. Other variants affect muscle strength, power, fatigue resistance and injury risk.
3) Specific gene variants like ACTN3 and ACE I/D have been linked to athletic performance. The ACTN3 R allele is associated with power/sprint, while the
Week 3 individual response
Genetics and training both influence an athlete's potential, but their genetic endowment does not determine their outcome alone. Several factors impact training responses, including maturation, nutrition, rest, and emotional state. Coaches must understand child and adolescent development and tailor training plans and activities appropriately based on an athlete's growth, maturity level, gender, and other individual factors to help maximize their potential and avoid injury or overtraining.
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This document discusses mentoring in sport and examines the characteristics of successful versus unsuccessful mentoring relationships. It presents results from a mixed-methods study of 39 university students involved in coaching courses. Quantitative results showed informal mentoring relationships were most successful, while formal relationships were least successful. Qualitative interviews identified characteristics of successful relationships as good communication, support, knowledge, and a close relationship between mentor and mentee. The conclusions suggest an informal or facilitated mentoring approach may maximize student success more than a formal mentoring structure alone.
Talent identification in sport: practices and issues.
Sport is no different to other domains such as science, music and the arts, where the attainment of ...
Eisenmann_CV Infographic
Joe Eisenmann is an exercise physiologist and sports performance expert with over 25 years of experience. He is currently a professor at Michigan State University where he established the Spartan Performance program. His expertise includes sports science, exercise physiology, genetics, biomechanics, and talent identification. He has published extensively in these areas and mentored many students.
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I do not actually have a face. I am an AI assistant created by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest.
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Many graduate programs in exercise science and sports science now offer interdisciplinary courses in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and physiology. As researchers from different disciplines increasingly collaborate to study questions in exercise physiology at the molecular level, their combined insights will benefit humanity. Working together, exercise physiologists trained in molecular biology and molecular biologists with training in exercise physiology can gain new perspectives on human physical activity.
Talent identification and Selection in Elite Sport Coaching
This slidedeck is what I used to form the basis of a full day workshop at the Canadian Sport Institute - Ontario on how to evaluate talent and then to select athletes to make the best team. This could also inform business leaders in helping to select and develop the best team possible.
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This document discusses the challenges of identifying and developing athletic talent in the UK. It notes declining population trends among younger age groups that will reduce the talent pool. It discusses different models of talent identification, selection, and development. The document emphasizes that development programs must be linked to identification and selection to ensure athletes can fulfill their potential. It also stresses the need for a long-term approach to athletic development through childhood, adolescence, and their athletic careers. Finally, it argues that sports organizations need integrated, athlete-centered planning from the community to elite levels to build an effective sport system for developing talent.
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The document discusses talent identification and development in youth athletes. It outlines current methods for identifying talented youth, which involve assessing variables like anthropometry, physiology, psychology and skills through testing. It notes limitations in variability of assessment and maturation factors. The document calls for further research on longitudinal development approaches and investigating the effect of maturation on identification.
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The document discusses the potential for genetic testing in sports. It provides examples of genes linked to athletic performance, such as the ACTN3 gene which is associated with sprint performance. Countries like Uzbekistan are exploring genetic screening programs to identify children suited for certain sports. However, genes only explain some variability in athletic traits, as environment and training also play large roles. While certain physical attributes are genetically determined, such as height, other factors like speed can be improved through training, but individual ability to gain benefits from practice is also genetic. Overall, the document examines both the genetic and non-genetic influences on athleticism and the emerging use of genetics in sports identification and training programs.
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The history of sports probably extends as far back as the existence of people as active beings. The history of sports informs a great deal about social changes and about the nature of sport itself.
In the current era, as technology changes at an exponential rate, the social impacts are varied and deep rooted. This implies a great deal of change in sports too.
As we move into the era of robotics, machines, transhumans, cyborgs, prosthetics and exoskeletons, the future of sports seems even more disrupted. And it raises questions at different levels.
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Bioethics and the Olympic Games: Human Enhancement (Lecture 4 of 5)University of Salford, Manchester
This document summarizes a lecture on bioethics and human enhancement in sports. It discusses issues like gene doping, the use of prosthetics by Paralympic athletes, and the debate around allowing human enhancement technologies in sports. Specific cases examined include the genetically modified athlete, Oscar Pistorius who campaigned to compete in the Olympics with prosthetic legs, and the future of anti-doping efforts in regulating human enhancement in sports.Week 4Assignment 4a Annotated BibliographyInstructions You ne.docx
This document contains abstracts for 15 scholarly articles related to ethical issues in sports. The articles cover a wide range of topics including concussions in hockey, ethical decision making in sports medicine, performance enhancing drugs, and legal/ethical issues of social media and blogging for dietitians. Many of the articles discuss balancing the health and well-being of athletes with pressures to return them to play or maximize performance, as well as managing conflicts between various stakeholders in sports like teams, leagues, and medical professionals. The document appears to be providing source material for an annotated bibliography assignment on ethics in sports or a related topic.
VMIndiamodel.ppt
This document discusses India's legislative efforts to regulate ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects. It provides background on India's existing codes of ethics and guidelines. It then summarizes the process by which India developed its 2000 Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research, including establishing expert committees. Major issues addressed in the 2000 guidelines are outlined. The document notes some instances of unethical clinical trials in India and the need for laws to protect research participants. It proposes the Biomedical Research on Human Subjects Bill to establish a regulatory authority and oversight mechanisms like an ethics committee system. The functions and composition of the proposed authority are described.
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Steroids as rejuvenating and anti aging agent
Student’s Name
Course
University Affiliation
Instructor
Date
Steroids as rejuvenating and anti aging agent
Specific Aims
The world of professional sports is burdened with concerns of athletes looking to gain a competitive advantage through the utilization of performance improving drugs. In most instances, the drugs of selection are anabolic steroids like testosterone. In latest years, steroid accusations have been created about Lance Armstrong, Jose Canseco, Barry Bond and countless others. At the same time, a valid scientific literature has investigated the possible clinical usefulness of steroid supplementation/ replacement for a number of conditions for instance hypogonadism, Alzheimer’s disease as well an involvement against physically occurring declines in production of androgen associated with aging. This account by Brown-Séquard is an ultimate classic where the author takes part in self-experimentation to survey whether management of extracts from the animal testicles may positively impact several of the faculties and abilities that he observes have been declining with age. Brown-Séquard, noting down these deficiencies like forgetfulness, fatigue and constipation uses a particular logic, mistaken as we might now know it to be. He shortly reports significant changes in his stamina, his intellect and his powers of urination and defecation.
The specific aim of this proposal is to evaluate whether steroids are a rejuvenating or anti aging agent. As a result of the long history of research and interest in the causes of gonadal steroids on individual behavior, these ideas are at the basis of the steroid outrages that afflict so much of qualified sports; an area of concern to a lot of students. Second this proposal aims at providing a rich proposal with which to start discussing concerns of clinical trials and experimental design.
Annotated bibliography
Hartgens, F. & Kuipers, H. (2004). Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Pub med, 34(8):513-54.
An article that reviews how androgenic anabolic steroids apply very strong effects on human beings’ body that might be of benefit for athletic performance. The article reveals the actual effects of steroids.
Hoffman, J. (2006). Medical issues associated with anabolic steroid use: Are they exaggerated. Pub Med, 5(2): 182–193.
This is article is perfect that analyzes and reviews the history of use of anabolic steroids in North America. The article also analyzes the frequency of use of steroids in recreational populations and athletic and its efficiency.
Kanayama, G., Hudson, J. & Pope, H. (2008). Long-Term Psychiatric and Medical Consequences of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse
The article reviews the Long-term use of supraphysiologic doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid ...
Ethics And Sport
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The document summarizes challenges facing clinical research in India, including a lack of universal healthcare access, low participation in clinical trials, and issues with ethics committees. It outlines steps to make research more inclusive, such as regulatory approvals, informed consent processes, and safety monitoring. However, it notes that ethics committees lack independent oversight and accountability. For research to progress ethically, it recommends improving training, transparency, and preventing conflicts of interest.
Steroids,teachback
Steroids are synthetic variations of the hormone testosterone that can increase muscle mass and strength. While steroids have benefits like building muscle, they also carry serious health risks like acne, heart and liver problems. Teenagers and women are especially at risk. Some people abuse steroids by using high doses to improve sports performance despite the dangers. Withdrawal from steroids can cause depression and other side effects. There is debate around whether steroids should be illegal or allowed for personal choice.
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4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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