Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity.
Stem cell therapy is the most advance therapy which use stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
Properties, types and uses of stem cells are summarized in this presentation.
A stem cell is a "blank" cell that can give rise to multiple tissue types such as a skin, muscle, or nerve cell.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
What are stem cells? This presentation provides an overview of multiple different stem cells including embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells and neural stem cells.
This presentation gives a brief overview of global stem cell market. It first explains what are stem cells and the various types of stem cells. Then we take a look at R&D in the area of stem cell therapies, also called Regenerative Medicine. It then gives a brief overview of some of the global companies active in regenerative medicine space. It is a very nascent area globally, with very few therapies in the market.
In India, there are a few companies like Stempeutics, Reliance Lifesciences and OCT Research focussing on stem cell therapies. Some of these have made false starts, and made a few wrong bets. OCT, a new company, has a promising approach to wound treatment.
A stem cell is a "blank" cell that can give rise to multiple tissue types such as a skin, muscle, or nerve cell.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
What are stem cells? This presentation provides an overview of multiple different stem cells including embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells and neural stem cells.
This presentation gives a brief overview of global stem cell market. It first explains what are stem cells and the various types of stem cells. Then we take a look at R&D in the area of stem cell therapies, also called Regenerative Medicine. It then gives a brief overview of some of the global companies active in regenerative medicine space. It is a very nascent area globally, with very few therapies in the market.
In India, there are a few companies like Stempeutics, Reliance Lifesciences and OCT Research focussing on stem cell therapies. Some of these have made false starts, and made a few wrong bets. OCT, a new company, has a promising approach to wound treatment.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity.
Stem cell therapy is an advance therapy technique used to treat or prevent a disease or condition using stem cells.
Presentation is the basic summary of the research paper on the topic of ''Opposing effects of Na+ and K+ on the thermal stability on Na+ K+ ATPase activity''
Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity.
Stem cell therapy is an advance therapy technique used to treat or prevent a disease or condition using stem cells.
Presentation is the basic summary of the research paper on the topic of ''Opposing effects of Na+ and K+ on the thermal stability on Na+ K+ ATPase activity''
Sessió Farmacologia (Hosp Vall d'Hebron) sobre el projecte Dr. Third (MQD AGAUR 2010) sobre l'útilització de Facebook per als alumnes de 3er de medicina.
“Stem Cell, Possibilities And Utility In Health sector” Ajit Tiwari
The role of stem cells in basic biological processes in vivo, namely in development, tissue repair and cancer.
Remarkable progress has been achieved in studying stem cells. The most exciting use of cultured stem cells is the promise for curing many devastating diseases like Parkinson's and diabetes. However, more basic research remains before stem-cell based therapy is widely used.
ES cells have the most capacity to differentiate into a variety of cells and their proliferation capacity is also unsurpassed by any other cell type. There are three major problems with ES cells; ethical issues, immunological rejection problems and the potential of developing teratomas.
In the future, ideally, somatic stem cells from the patient will be extracted and manipulated and then reintroduced into the same patient to cure debilitating diseases.
This slide is about the potential uses of stem cells. It describes how they are useful and also puts froward the extraction process and the ares in which stem cells prove to be extremely useful. This slide also lists the various from of cells and the difference between stem cells and the normal differentiated cells. It is also richly supplied with photos and content which would altogether increase the quality of the slide. Hope you enjoy and learn. Please do like and follow. Share with your friends who might benefit from this.
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit organization providin.docxoreo10
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit
organization providing a global forum for
stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
Stem Cell
Facts
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ and
tissue in our bodies. The highly specialized cells that make
up these tissues originally came from an initial pool of stem
cells formed shortly after fertilization. Throughout our lives,
we continue to rely on stem cells to replace injured tissues
and cells that are lost every day, such as those in our skin,
hair, blood and the lining of our gut. Stem cells have two
key properties: 1) the ability to self-renew, dividing in a
way that makes copies of themselves, and 2) the ability to
differentiate, giving rise to the mature types of cells that
make up our organs and tissues.
Tissue-specific stem cells
Tissue-specific stem cells, which are sometimes referred to
as “adult” or “somatic” stem cells, are already somewhat
specialized and can produce some or all of the mature
cell types found within the particular tissue or organ in
which they reside. Because of their ability to generate
multiple, organ-specific, cell types, they are described as
“multipotent.” For example, stem cells found within the
adult brain are capable of making neurons and two types of
glial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
Tissue-specific stem cells have been found in several organs
that need to continuously replenish themselves, such as the
blood, skin and gut and have even been found in other, less
regenerative, organs such as the brain. These types of stem
cells represent a very small population and are often buried
deep within a given tissue, making them difficult to identify,
isolate and grow in a laboratory setting.
Neuron – Dr. Gerry Shaw, EnCor Biotechnology Inc.
Astrocyte – Abcam Inc.
Oligodendrocyte – Dhaunchak and Nave (2007).
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:17813-8
www.isscr.org
Embryonic stem cells
Embryonic stem cells have been derived from a variety
of species, including humans, and are described as
“pluripotent,” meaning that they can generate all the
different types of cells in the body. Embryonic stem cells
can be obtained from the blastocyst, a very early stage
of development that consists of a mostly hollow ball of
approximately 150-200 cells and is barely visible to the
naked eye. At this stage, there are no organs, not even
blood, just an “inner cell mass” from which embryonic stem
cells can be obtained. Human embryonic stem cells are
derived primarily from blastocysts that were created by
in vitro fertilization (IVF) for assisted reproduction but
were no longer needed.
The fertilized egg and the cells that immediately arise in the
first few divisions are “totipotent.” This means that, under
the right conditions, they can generate a viable embryo
(including support tissues such as the placenta). Within a
matter of days, however, these cells transition to become
pluripote ...
1. Definition
2. History
3. Discrimination of stem cells from other types of cells
4. Types
5. Why stem cells are important
6. Properties
7. Application of stem cells
8. Advantages and disadvantages
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
2. What are stem cells and why are they important?
What are the unique properties of all the stem cells?
What are Embryonic stem cells?
What are adult stem cells?
What are the similarities and differences between embryonic and adult stem
cells?
What are induced pluripotent stem cells?
What are the potential uses of human stem cells and the obstacles that must
be overcome before these potentials uses will be realized?
STEM CELL THERAPY
3. What are stem cell?
Stem cells are distinguished from other cell types by two important characteristics.
First, they are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division,
sometimes after long periods of inactivity.
Second, under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to
become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
4. Discovery:
Scientists discovered ways to derive embryonic stem cells from early mouse embryos
more than 30 years ago, in 1981. The detailed study of the biology of mouse stem
cells led to the discovery, in 1998, of a method to derive stem cells from human
embryos and grow the cells in the laboratory. These cells are called human embryonic
stem cells. The embryos used in these studies were created for reproductive purposes
through in vitro fertilization procedures.
5. Importance :
Stem cells are important for living organisms for many reasons. In the 3- to 5-day-
old embryo, called a blastocyst, the inner cells give rise to the entire body of the
organism, including all of the many specialized cell types and organs such as the
heart, lungs, skin, sperm, eggs and other tissues.
Given their unique regenerative abilities, stem cells offer new potentials for
treating diseases such as diabetes, and heart disease. However, much work remains
to be done in the laboratory and the clinic to understand how to use these cells
for cell-based therapies to treat disease, which is also referred to as regenerative or
reparative medicine.
6. What are the Unique properties of Stem Cell?
Regardless of there source all stem cells have three general properties
1)They are capable of dividing and renewing itself for a long period of time.
2)They are unspecialized.
3)They can give rise to specialized cell types.
7. Scientists are trying to understand two fundamental properties of stem cells that relate to
their long-term self-renewal:
Why can embryonic stem cells proliferate for a year or more in the laboratory without
differentiating, but most adult stem cells cannot; and
What are the factors in living organisms that normally regulate stem cell
proliferation and self-renewal?
Discovering the answers to these questions may make it possible to understand how cell
proliferation is regulated during normal embryonic development or during the
abnormal cell division that leads to cancer. Such information would also enable scientists
to grow embryonic and non-embryonic stem cells more efficiently in the laboratory.
8. What are embryonic Stem cell?
Embryonic stem cells, as their name
suggests, are derived from embryos. Most
embryonic stem cells are derived from
embryos that develop from eggs that have
been fertilized in vitro—in an in
vitro fertilizations clinic—and then donated
for research purposes with informed consent
of the donors. They are not derived from
eggs fertilized in vivo.
Scientist change the chemical
composition of the culture medium,
alter the surface of the culture dish, or
modify the cells by inserting specific
genes.
9. What are adult Stem Cells?
An adult stem cell is thought to be an undifferentiated cell, found among differentiated
cells in a tissue or organ. The adult stem cell can renew itself and can differentiate to
yield some or all of the major specialized cell types of the tissue or organ. The primary
roles of adult stem cells in a living organism are to maintain and repair the tissue in
which they are found.
Also called ‘’Somatic Stem Cells’’.
10. What are induced pluripotent Stem Cells?
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are adult cells that have been
genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell–like state by being
forced to express genes and factors important for maintaining the defining
properties of embryonic stem cells. Although these cells meet the defining
criteria for pluripotent stem cells, it is not known if iPSCs and embryonic
stem cells differ in clinically significant ways.
Mouse iPSCs were first reported in 2006, and human iPSCs were first
reported in late 2007.
11. What are the potential uses of human stem cells and the obstacles that must be overcome before these
potential uses will be realized?
Studies of human embryonic stem cells will yield information about the complex events that occur
during human development.
A primary goal of this work is to identify how undifferentiated stem cells become the differentiated
cells that form the tissues and organs.
Some of the most serious medical conditions, such as cancer and birth defects, are due to
abnormal cell division and differentiation. A more complete understanding of the genetic and
molecular controls of these processes may yield information about how such diseases arise and
suggest new strategies for therapy.
Human stem cells are currently being used to test new drugs. Cancer cell lines, for example, are used
to screen potential anti-tumor drugs. The availability of pluripotent stem cells would allow drug
testing in a wider range of cell types.
Perhaps the most important potential application of human stem cells is the generation of cells and
tissues that could be used for cell-based therapies.
Stem cells, directed to differentiate into specific cell types, offer the possibility of a renewable source
of replacement cells and tissues to treat diseases including macular degeneration, spinal cord injury,
stroke, burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
13. To be useful for transplant purposes, stem cells must be reproducibly made to:
Proliferate extensively and generate sufficient quantities of cells for making tissue.
Differentiate into the desired cell type(s).
Survive in the recipient after transplant.
Integrate into the surrounding tissue after transplant.
Function appropriately for the duration of the recipient's life.
Avoid harming the recipient in any way.
Also, to avoid the problem of immune rejection, scientists are experimenting with different
research strategies to generate tissues that will not be rejected.