The document discusses the concept of groups and group dynamics, defining a group as individuals working towards a common goal and exploring the characteristics and types of groups. It highlights the importance of group interactions, communication, decision-making, and the roles of leaders within groups. Additionally, it addresses the impact of group dynamics on organizational performance and the role of nurse managers in facilitating effective group functioning.

1. Ms. Nilofar
Loladiya

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A group consists of a number of individuals
working together for a common objective.
WHAT IS A GROUP?
Group is a number of persons bound together
by common social standards, interest etc.
Team is a group of people organized to work
together.
-Collins dictionary
Groups are units composed of two or more
persons who come into contact for a purpose
and who consider the contact meaningful.
-Theodore M. Mills(1967)

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CRITERIA FOR A GROUP
COMMON
IDENTITY
COLLECTIVE
GOALS
COLLECTIVE
NORMS
INTERACTING
INDIVIDUALS

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The word Dynamics is the flow of, coherent activities which as
envisaged, will lead the group towards the establishment of its set
goals.
WHAT IS GROUP DYNAMICS?
GROUP + DYNAMICS
The word 'dynamics' is Greek word which means study of 'force'.
Thus the term group dynamics refers to the forces operating
wide in groups for social interaction and interest.

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 It is the interactions between people who are talking together in a
group setting.
 The structures and processes by which groups form and function.
 Attitudinal and behavioural characteristics of a group.
 It may be defined as the social process by which people interact face
to face in small groups
WHAT IS GROUP DYNAMICS?

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 Group Communication
 Group Conflicts
 Group Decision Making
 Group Morale
GROUP DYNAMICS: FOCUS AREAS
 Group Problem Solving
 Group Leadership
 Group Norms And Values
 Group Process

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1. Goal oriented activities
2. Well organized
3. Interdependency
4. Power structure
5. Group structure
6. Size of the group
7. Group functions
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GROUP

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CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE GROUP
1. Democratic atmosphere.
2. Involved and interested group members.
3. Consensus in decision making.
4. Clarity in task, roles and assignments.
5. There is emotional stability.
6. Regular assessment of performance, purpose and
process.
7. Constructive criticism.

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FORMAL GROUPS
• Established to achieve organizational goals and overall organizational mission.
• Designed and planned by top management
• Focus: Job performance, coordination of members are controlled through process,
procedures etc.
• Permanent in nature.
• Follow rules, regulations and policy of the organization.
• May take the form of command groups, task groups, and functional groups.
• Includes departments: HR, personnel department, QC department, nursing
TYPES OF GROUPS

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TYPES OF GROUPS
TASK GROUPS
• Established to accomplish a narrow range of purposes within a specified time.
• Temporary in nature.
• Develop a solution to a problem or complete its purpose.
• Informal committees, task forces and work teams are included in task groups.
• The organization after specifying a group membership, assigns a narrow set of
purposes such as developing a new product, evaluating a proposed grievance
procedure, etc.

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INFORMAL GROUPS
• Established because of social and psychological forces operating at the workplace.
• Natural outcome at the work place in the form of associations, unions etc. and not
designed, planned or specified in the blue-print of the formal organization.
• Formed by the employees themselves at the workplace while working together.
• The organization does not take any active interest in their formation. The coordination of
work is observed through group norms.
• Very effective and powerful. These groups work as an informal communication network
forming a part of the grapevine to the organization
TYPES OF GROUPS

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INTEREST GROUP:
Interest groups are the groups formed to attain a common purpose. Employees coming
together for payment of bonus, increase in salary, medical benefit and other facilities are
the examples of interest groups
TYPES OF GROUPS
MEMBERSHIP GROUP:
Membership groups are the groups of individuals' belonging to the same profession and
knowing each other. For example, teachers of the same faculty in a university.

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FRIENDSHIP GROUP:
Friendship groups are the groups of individuals belonging to same age group, having
similar views, tastes and opinions. These groups can be in the form of clubs and
associations.
TYPES OF GROUPS
REFERENCE GROUP:
Reference groups are the group where individuals shape their ideas, beliefs, values
etc. They want support from the group.

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o Smaller groups
o Special norms and practices designed to built members commitment to the
group
o Interpersonal attraction among the members
o Social structure and leadership style of the group
o Type of interdependence among the group members
o Mutual understanding and support
o Improvement is self esteem
o Frequent interaction
o Attractiveness of the group's goals and activity
o Group's relationship to its outside environment Intense competition with
other groups
FACTORS AFFECTING GROUP DYNAMICS

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POSITIVE EFFECTS
 Employees' satisfaction
 Low turnover and absenteeism
 Higher empowerment and
productivity
 More participation in decision-
making
 Easy problem-solving activities
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
× Detrimental organizational performance
if their goals are Misaligned
× Poor assessments of the problem
× Incomplete information search
× Biased in processing information
× Poor decision making
× Failure to examine the reality.
EFFECTS OF GROUP DYNAMICS

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• Respond with a positive
comment
• Refrain from negative
comments about member's
contributions.
ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS
QUESTIONS:
• Open-ended
• Encourage all members to
ask
• Avoid frequent questioning.
• Actively listen to all
members.
• Full attention to each
person's contribution
• Don't take sides, instead summarize
opinion differences.
• State those issues can be viewed
from different perspectives.
• Seek equal input from all members.

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• Focus discussion on the purpose/Goal
• Clarify statements.
• Sort out the confusions and conflicts.
• Summarize points of opinion differences among team
members.
ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS
• Restate and summarize major ideas and feelings.
• Encourage open expression
• Emphasize the facts and encourage further discussion
• Convey the meaning of what a team member has said

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• Promote problem solving
and acceptance of
responsibility
• Needs to know how groups
function to facilitate
effectiveness.
Promote healthy informal groups to inculcate
morale since the accomplishment of
organizational goals and productivity depends
on the morale of the employees
• Each member of group plays an
important role in achieving the
work of the group
• Each member is different in
his/her personality, have
different way of doing the work.
ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS

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ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS

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Group members perform task roles, group building
and maintenance roles and individual roles.
• To assemble groups.
• Important in selection of chair of committees, task
forces, and other groups of clinical nurses.
• Selecting nurses for organizational committees
• Improve leadership competencies and to facilitate
group discussions and communication.
ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS

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ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS

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• Group training gives members aware of the roles they play
and opportunity to manage them so that they become
productive.
• Self analysis, self evaluation and development of sensitivity
to others to make one productive within the group
• In continuing education and in-service education.
• Role Plays And Case Studies.
• Outcome Management, Team Coordination And
Teaching Of Students, Patients And Family.
ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS

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THEORIES OF GROUP FORMATION.

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https://blog.vantagecircle.com/team-building-
activities-for-work/