Nilofar Loladiya
MSN: OBGY
Group Dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group or between social groups.
It is one of the important topics in nursing service and management.
For the nurse to be effective in the dynamic complex health care system and to help client to achieve the outcome , nurses need to be knowledgeable , resourceful and able to work well with other health care practioners.
For the nurse to be effective in the dynamic complex health care system and to help client to achieve the outcome , nurses need to be knowledgeable , resourceful and able to work well with other health care practioners.
In organizational development(OD), group dynamics or group process‖ refers to the understanding of the behavior of people in groups, such as task groups, that are trying to solve a problem or make a decision.
2nd year B.Sc Nursing
communication and educational technology
unit-3 Human Relations
group dynamics about types of groups ,group formation , process of group development, stages of group development ,and Group Norms.
Mrs. Nilofar Loladiya
Asst Professor
OBGY Dept
Dive into the world of nursing research with our comprehensive presentation on various types of research designs. This informative PPT delves into the intricacies of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research, highlighting their unique designs, applications, and implications in the nursing field. Understand the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and gain insights into how they contribute to evidence-based nursing practices. Whether you're a seasoned nurse or a nursing student, this presentation will provide valuable insights to enhance your research knowledge.
Comprehensive exploration of the diverse landscape of research designs within the nursing field. This presentation serves as a valuable resource for nurses, healthcare professionals, and students keen on understanding the nuances of various research methodologies and their impact on evidence-based nursing practices. With a focus on types of research designs, their advantages, and disadvantages, this presentation offers an in-depth journey into the world of nursing research.
In the dynamic realm of healthcare, research plays a pivotal role in shaping clinical practices and enhancing patient outcomes. This presentation begins by elucidating the fundamental categories of research designs: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods. Each design is dissected to provide a clear understanding of its core principles, methodologies, and applications in nursing contexts.
Quantitative research, known for its structured and numerical approach, is explored with a spotlight on its ability to yield statistically significant results. The presentation delves into the process of hypothesis formulation, data collection through surveys or experiments, and the subsequent analysis methods. However, the presentation also acknowledges the challenges of quantitative research, such as potential bias and limited exploration of complex phenomena.
In contrast, qualitative research is presented as a qualitative exploration of experiences, beliefs, and motivations. The presentation explains the various techniques for data collection, including interviews, focus groups, and observations. It underscores the value of capturing rich, contextual insights that quantitative methods might overlook. Yet, qualitative research is not without its limitations, including potential subjectivity and difficulty in generalizing findings.
To bridge the gap between these two approaches, the presentation introduces mixed-methods research as a harmonious fusion of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. This section outlines the benefits of triangulating data, providing a more comprehensive understanding of research questions. However, it also acknowledges the challenges of managing the intricacies of both approaches within a single study.
Nilofar Loladiya
Assistant professor
nilofarlsalim@gmail.com
The Ethics are the moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour. Research ethics may be referred to as doing what is mostly and legally right in research.
Slides on the famous medical experiments, exploitation in research and development of ethical codes in research.
Major agencies and principles given by them on ethical standards in conducting research.
Details about ANA and INC ethical principles in nursing research.
How to write informed consent? What is ethical committee?
What is risk benefit ratio?
Nilofar Loladiya
MSN OBG
Simulation has been used widely in the clinical training of health-care students and
professionals. It is a valuable strategy for teaching, learning and evaluating clinical skills
at different levels of nursing and midwifery education: undergraduate, postgraduate and
lifelong education (Park et al., 2016; Martins, 2017).
Simulation has a positive impact on students, educators, and the individuals, groups
and communities they care for, as well as on education and health organizations. The
principal aims of simulation as a teaching method are to improve quality of care and
ensure patient safety.
The WHO document Transforming and scaling up health professionals’ education and training (WHO,
2013) strongly recommends the use of simulation. Recommendation 5 states:
Health professionals’ education and training institutions should use simulation methods
(high fidelity methods in settings with appropriate resources and lower fidelity methods in
resource limited settings) of contextually appropriate fidelity levels in the education of health
professionals.
A large proportion of nursing and midwifery education curricula worldwide is dedicated
to the acquisition of clinical skills. At the beginning of the learning period in clinical
settings, students should be able to develop safe and timely evidence-based interventions
without being interrupted by supervisors due to technical errors that may jeopardize
patients’ and students’ safety. In clinical practice with actual patients, students should
be self-confident and feel that others trust them; they should feel capable of performing
tasks without errors and be confident that the supervisor and other team members
believe in their abilities.
From an ethical perspective, invasive procedures should not be taught or practised on
real people; instead, trainees should be able to train in simulated, controlled and safe
environments, allowing them to make errors and learn from them with no harmful
consequences to any person. This ensures absolute respect for human rights by protecting
patients’ dignity and guarantees the quality of nursing care, even during health
professionals’ learning processes.
NILOFAR LOLADIYA
MSN: OBGY
Labor consists of a series of rhythmic, involuntary or medically induced contractions of the uterus that result in effacement (thinning and shortening) and dilation of the uterine cervix. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines normal birth as follows:
The birth is spontaneous in onset and low risk at the start of labor and remains so throughout labor and delivery.
The infant is born spontaneously in the vertex position between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy.
After birth, mother and infant are in good condition (1).
The stimulus for labor is unknown, but digitally manipulating or mechanically stretching the cervix during examination enhances uterine contractile activity, most likely by stimulating release of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary gland.
Normal labor usually begins within 2 weeks (before or after) the estimated delivery date. In a first pregnancy, labor usually lasts 12 to 18 hours on average; subsequent labors are often shorter, averaging 6 to 8 hours.
Labor begins with irregular uterine contractions of varying intensity; they apparently soften (ripen) the cervix, which begins to efface and dilate. As labor progresses, contractions increase in duration, intensity, and frequency.
Stages of labor
There are 3 stages of labor.
The 1st stage—from onset of labor to full dilation of the cervix (about 10 cm)—has 2 phases, latent and active.
During the latent phase, irregular contractions become progressively coordinated, discomfort is minimal, and the cervix effaces and dilates to 4 cm. The latent phase is difficult to time precisely, and duration varies, averaging 8 hours in nulliparas and 5 hours in multiparas; duration is considered abnormal if it lasts > 20 hours in nulliparas or > 12 hours in multiparas.
During the active phase, the cervix becomes fully dilated, and the presenting part descends well into the midpelvis. On average, the active phase lasts 5 to 7 hours in nulliparas and 2 to 4 hours in multiparas. Traditionally, the cervix was expected to dilate about 1.2 cm/hour in nulliparas and 1.5 cm/hour in multiparas. However, recent data suggest that slower progression of cervical dilation from 4 to 6 cm may be normal (1). Pelvic examinations are done every 2 to 3 hours to evaluate labor progress. Lack of progress in dilation and descent of the presenting part may indicate dystocia (fetopelvic disproportion).
Standing and walking shorten the first stage of labor by > 1 hour and reduce the rate of cesarean delivery
NILOFAR LOLADIYA
MSN: OBGY
The common thread uniting different types of nurses who work in varied areas is the nursing process—the essential core of practice for the registered nurse to deliver holistic, patient-focused care
One of the most important tools a nurse can use in practice is the nursing process. Although nursing schools teach first-year students about the nursing process, some nurses fail to grasp the impact its proper use can have on patient care. In this article, I will share information about the nursing process, its history, its purpose, its main characteristics, and the 5 steps involved in carrying out the nursing process.
• Establishes plans to meet patient needs
• Guides nurses in the delivery of high-quality evidence-based care
• Protects nurses against potential legal problems
• Promotes a systematic approach to patient care that all members of the nursing team can follow
The nursing process consists of five steps which encompass the care provided. The five nursing process steps are:
1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
NILOFAR LOLADIYA
MSN: OBGY
Pressure ulcers (also known as pressure sores or bedsores) are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue, primarily caused by prolonged pressure on the skin. They can happen to anyone, but usually affect people confined to bed or who sit in a chair or wheelchair for long periods of time.
t is widely believed that other factors can influence the tolerance of skin for pressure and shear, thereby increasing the risk of pressure ulcer development. These factors are protein-calorie malnutrition, microclimate (skin wetness caused by sweating or incontinence), diseases that reduce blood flow to the skin, such as arteriosclerosis, or diseases that reduce the sensation in the skin, such as paralysis or neuropathy. The healing of pressure ulcers may be slowed by the age of the person, medical conditions (such as arteriosclerosis, diabetes or infection), smoking or medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. 2
A group consists of a number of individuals
working together for a common objective.
WHAT IS A GROUP?
Group is a number of persons bound together
by common social standards, interest etc.
Team is a group of people organized to work
together.
-Collins dictionary
Groups are units composed of two or more
persons who come into contact for a purpose
and who consider the contact meaningful.
-Theodore M. Mills(1967)
3. 3
CRITERIA FOR A GROUP
COMMON
IDENTITY
COLLECTIVE
GOALS
COLLECTIVE
NORMS
INTERACTING
INDIVIDUALS
4. 4
The word Dynamics is the flow of, coherent activities which as
envisaged, will lead the group towards the establishment of its set
goals.
WHAT IS GROUP DYNAMICS?
GROUP + DYNAMICS
The word 'dynamics' is Greek word which means study of 'force'.
Thus the term group dynamics refers to the forces operating
wide in groups for social interaction and interest.
5. 5
It is the interactions between people who are talking together in a
group setting.
The structures and processes by which groups form and function.
Attitudinal and behavioural characteristics of a group.
It may be defined as the social process by which people interact face
to face in small groups
WHAT IS GROUP DYNAMICS?
6. 6
Group Communication
Group Conflicts
Group Decision Making
Group Morale
GROUP DYNAMICS: FOCUS AREAS
Group Problem Solving
Group Leadership
Group Norms And Values
Group Process
7. 7
1. Goal oriented activities
2. Well organized
3. Interdependency
4. Power structure
5. Group structure
6. Size of the group
7. Group functions
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GROUP
8. 8
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EFFECTIVE GROUP
1. Democratic atmosphere.
2. Involved and interested group members.
3. Consensus in decision making.
4. Clarity in task, roles and assignments.
5. There is emotional stability.
6. Regular assessment of performance, purpose and
process.
7. Constructive criticism.
9. 9
FORMAL GROUPS
• Established to achieve organizational goals and overall organizational mission.
• Designed and planned by top management
• Focus: Job performance, coordination of members are controlled through process,
procedures etc.
• Permanent in nature.
• Follow rules, regulations and policy of the organization.
• May take the form of command groups, task groups, and functional groups.
• Includes departments: HR, personnel department, QC department, nursing
TYPES OF GROUPS
10. 10
TYPES OF GROUPS
TASK GROUPS
• Established to accomplish a narrow range of purposes within a specified time.
• Temporary in nature.
• Develop a solution to a problem or complete its purpose.
• Informal committees, task forces and work teams are included in task groups.
• The organization after specifying a group membership, assigns a narrow set of
purposes such as developing a new product, evaluating a proposed grievance
procedure, etc.
11. GROUP DYNAMICS: NILOFAR LOLADIYA 11
INFORMAL GROUPS
• Established because of social and psychological forces operating at the workplace.
• Natural outcome at the work place in the form of associations, unions etc. and not
designed, planned or specified in the blue-print of the formal organization.
• Formed by the employees themselves at the workplace while working together.
• The organization does not take any active interest in their formation. The coordination of
work is observed through group norms.
• Very effective and powerful. These groups work as an informal communication network
forming a part of the grapevine to the organization
TYPES OF GROUPS
12. 12
INTEREST GROUP:
Interest groups are the groups formed to attain a common purpose. Employees coming
together for payment of bonus, increase in salary, medical benefit and other facilities are
the examples of interest groups
TYPES OF GROUPS
MEMBERSHIP GROUP:
Membership groups are the groups of individuals' belonging to the same profession and
knowing each other. For example, teachers of the same faculty in a university.
13. GROUP DYNAMICS: NILOFAR LOLADIYA 13
FRIENDSHIP GROUP:
Friendship groups are the groups of individuals belonging to same age group, having
similar views, tastes and opinions. These groups can be in the form of clubs and
associations.
TYPES OF GROUPS
REFERENCE GROUP:
Reference groups are the group where individuals shape their ideas, beliefs, values
etc. They want support from the group.
14. 14
o Smaller groups
o Special norms and practices designed to built members commitment to the
group
o Interpersonal attraction among the members
o Social structure and leadership style of the group
o Type of interdependence among the group members
o Mutual understanding and support
o Improvement is self esteem
o Frequent interaction
o Attractiveness of the group's goals and activity
o Group's relationship to its outside environment Intense competition with
other groups
FACTORS AFFECTING GROUP DYNAMICS
15. 15
POSITIVE EFFECTS
Employees' satisfaction
Low turnover and absenteeism
Higher empowerment and
productivity
More participation in decision-
making
Easy problem-solving activities
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
× Detrimental organizational performance
if their goals are Misaligned
× Poor assessments of the problem
× Incomplete information search
× Biased in processing information
× Poor decision making
× Failure to examine the reality.
EFFECTS OF GROUP DYNAMICS
16. 16
• Respond with a positive
comment
• Refrain from negative
comments about member's
contributions.
ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS
QUESTIONS:
• Open-ended
• Encourage all members to
ask
• Avoid frequent questioning.
• Actively listen to all
members.
• Full attention to each
person's contribution
• Don't take sides, instead summarize
opinion differences.
• State those issues can be viewed
from different perspectives.
• Seek equal input from all members.
17. 17
• Focus discussion on the purpose/Goal
• Clarify statements.
• Sort out the confusions and conflicts.
• Summarize points of opinion differences among team
members.
ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS
• Restate and summarize major ideas and feelings.
• Encourage open expression
• Emphasize the facts and encourage further discussion
• Convey the meaning of what a team member has said
18. 18
• Promote problem solving
and acceptance of
responsibility
• Needs to know how groups
function to facilitate
effectiveness.
Promote healthy informal groups to inculcate
morale since the accomplishment of
organizational goals and productivity depends
on the morale of the employees
• Each member of group plays an
important role in achieving the
work of the group
• Each member is different in
his/her personality, have
different way of doing the work.
ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS
20. 20
Group members perform task roles, group building
and maintenance roles and individual roles.
• To assemble groups.
• Important in selection of chair of committees, task
forces, and other groups of clinical nurses.
• Selecting nurses for organizational committees
• Improve leadership competencies and to facilitate
group discussions and communication.
ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS
22. 22
• Group training gives members aware of the roles they play
and opportunity to manage them so that they become
productive.
• Self analysis, self evaluation and development of sensitivity
to others to make one productive within the group
• In continuing education and in-service education.
• Role Plays And Case Studies.
• Outcome Management, Team Coordination And
Teaching Of Students, Patients And Family.
ROLE OF NURSE MANAGER IN GROUP DYNAMICS