Green buildings are structures that ensure efficient use of natural resources like materials, water, and energy with minimal waste generation. They incorporate features like efficient cooling, lighting and water systems to reduce consumption. India needs to promote green buildings to address issues like global climate change, resource depletion, and its high carbon dioxide emissions from the construction industry. Certification systems like GRIHA and LEED evaluate buildings based on criteria like energy efficiency, water conservation, and indoor air quality. Some exemplary green buildings in India include the CII-Godrej Centre, the first LEED Platinum rated building outside the US, and buildings by Infosys and ITC that incorporate sustainable design and technologies.

1. GREEN
CONSTRUCTION
Dr.S.HEMA
Associate Professor/Civil,
Sri Krishna College of Technology,
Coimbatore-42

2. WHAT IS GREEN BUILDING?
Green Buildings are structures that ensure
efficient use of natural resources like building
materials, water, energy & other resources with
minimum generation of waste

3. “Sustainability is nothing adding to a
conventional building but it lies in the
approach of designing and constructing”

4. Efficient cooling systems – sensors

5. Vacuum flushing in toilets – water free

6. Smarter lighting system
Energy efficient
lighting systems

7.  Global climate change
 Carbon-di-oxide emissions
 Resource depletion
 Green house gases
India is FIFTH largest producing GHG
(World average 0.6 tonnes/year/per capita CO2 )
Construction industry is the second largest
producer of demolition waste and
green house gases (40 %)
Buildings are the major energy consumers
(30 % to 40 % during construction)
NEED FOR GREEN BUILDINGS

8. WHY GO GREEN FOR INDIA?
 According to TERI, if all urban buildings are
made green, savings in power would be 8400 MW
(enough to light half if Delhi / 5.5 lakh homes a
year)
 Use very little natural resources
 Non-renewable resources
 Green building doubles once in 3 years
 Expected 20 % growth of green construction by 3
years
 Green building market –Trillion dollar industry

9. VEGITECTURE
 Integrating living & vegetation with architecture
 Reduced maintenance costs
 Energy conservation
 Improved Occupant health & productivity
 Lifecycle cost savings
 Greater design flexibility
14 % savings in OP Cost over 5 yr for NEW buildings
13 % savings in OP Cost over 5 yr for retrofit buildings
7 % increase in asset value of green buildings
(DODGE & DATA ANALYTICS REPORT)
Expected 20 % market growth by 2018 with New, High-
rise and mixed use buildings being the top 3 sectors

10. GREEN BUILDING POLICY IN INDIA
 Green building movement in India -2003
 CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre in
Hyderabad– FIRST green building in India

11. CONCRETE IN GREEN BUILDING
 Emission of co2 during cement production
 (0.9 tonnes of CO2 / tonne of clinker)
 Concrete industry consume 3.5 billion tonnes of
cement worldwide)
 Minimize concrete consumption
 Smart concrete mixes or i-crete
 Consume less cement in concrete/mortar mixes
 Consume less clinker in cement manufacture

12. CHARATERISTICS OF GREEN
BUILDING
 Resource efficient
 Resource efficient manufacturing process
 Locally available materials
 Salvaged, refurbished or manufactured
 Durable
 LCA (BEES Software)

13.  Energy efficiency ( 40% energy)
 Affordability
 Recycling of materials & Waste generation
 Water conservation
 Indoor air quality
 Non-toxic materials
 Minimal chemical emissions (VOC)

14.  Orientation towards sunlight (Planning)
Oriented with longer facades facing north
and south
Window to wall ratio not more than 60 %
 Climate responsive framework
 Preservation of existing vegetation
 Preserving natural features
Avoiding excavation during monsoon
Preserving top soil
Proper staging while construction
3 m high barricading all around
Wheel washing facility
Sprinkling of water on loose soil

15.  High efficiency insulated glass windows
 Insulated walls –thermal comfort
 Efficient lighting – Utilize day light

16. DOUBLE GLASS
SYSTEM
These bioclimatic greenhouses
perform two main functions:
thermoregulation of the
building
Outside extension of the
living space.
 The double glass of the
greenhouses, two tempered
glass separated by an aerated
cavity, slide on rails and can
be packaged at the
extremities.
 The internal glass, towards
the apartment, also presents
a hype of double glazing
separated by air chamber,
placed in a frame of thermal-
cut-aluminum windows.
 A roller blind concealed in the
ceiling regulates shading and
privacy.

17.  Hollow
 fly ash bricks

18.  Light pipes can be incorporated into architecture
for transporting or distributing daylight or
artificial light, minimising the loss of light.
Daylight harvesting reduces the use of artificial
light inside a building when natural daylight is
available, helping cut down on energy
consumption.

19.  Some of the features of green buildings include the use of a high-
performance envelope, energy-efficient air-conditioning
and lighting systems, local materials and 100 per cent onsite
treatment of waste water.
 CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, India’s first
LEED Platinum rated green building, became functional in
2004. It incorporates green features like the right orientation,
wind towers, solar PV, intelligent building management system,
CO2 sensors and Occulux.
 This year, the Infosys Campus located in Hyderabad and Bayer’s
eco-commercial building in Noida have incorporated unique green
features such as chilled beams for air-conditioning, solar PVs and
enhanced lighting controls.
 Further, green buildings by Suzlon, One Earth, Turbo
Energy, Delta Power and many other firms have installed
technologies such as solar PV and building-integrated solar
photovoltaics, which have become an integral part of the building
envelope.
 Building-integrated photovoltaic's are literally part of the
structure of a building

20.  Wind tower. Wind tower is a traditional architectural element
used to pre-cool the air and direct it into interiors of a building.
MERV filters. Minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) is a
number from 1 to 16 that is relative to an air filter’s efficiency. The
higher the MERV, the more efficient the air filter is at removing
particles from the outside air.
Geothermal systems. A geothermal system is a non-conventional
heating and/or cooling system that pumps heat to or from the
ground crust. This system takes advantage of the moderate
temperatures in the ground to boost efficiency and reduce the
operational costs of heating and cooling systems.
 High-performance glass. High-performance glass reduces the
entry of heat while allowing the penetration of sunlight
simultaneously. The glass comes in three types: insulated (double-
or triple-glazed) glass, inert-gas-filled glazing and low-emissivity
glass.

Wall and roof insulation. The heat balance of a building reveals
that at least 15 to 20 per cent of the heat ingress into a building
can be through walls and roof. Hence insulating walls and roof is
extremely critical in the energy performance of a building.

21.  Minimize cement-concrete consumption
 Maximize use of recyclable/waste materials
 Non-toxic paints
 Sewage treatment (recycled water for flushing)
 Biogas generation/compost
 Rainwater harvesting systems
 Solar panels
 Small wind turbines on rooftop
 Drip irrigation
 Water efficient fixtures

22.  Advanced online energy and water monitoring
systems can be used to monitor the efficient use
of various systems that consume, distribute or
generate energy and water.

23. GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION
 GRIHA
 IGBC
 BEE

24. GRIHA-GREEN RATING SYSTEM FOR
INTEGRATED HABITAT ASSESSMENT
 TERI & Ministry of New and Renewable energy
 Three tier process
 34 criteria
1. Site selection & Planning
2. Conservation and efficient utilization of
resources
3. Building operation & Maintenance
4. Innovation
 Common wealth games village, Fortis hospital,
NewDelhi, CESE, IIT Kanpur, Suzlon One earth,
Pune

25. IGBC-INDIAN GREEN BUILDING
COUNCIL
 LEED- Leadership in Energy & Environmental
Design (US Green Building Council)
 Confideration of Indian Industry (CII) formed
IGBC in 2001.
 Green rating systems by IGBC
1. LEED India for New Construction
2. LEED India for Core and Shell
3. IGBC Green Homes
4. IGBC Green Factory Building
5. IGBC Green SEZ
6. IGBC Green townships

26. LEED RATED BUILDINGS IN INDIA
 India ranks THIRD among the top 10 countries
for LEED Certified buildings

27. TOP ENERGY EFFICIENT GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA
CII-SOHRABJI GODREJ GREEN BUSINESS CENTRE,
HYDERABAD
 This building is one of the world’s
best example of passive architectural
design.
 At the time of inauguration it was
the first building outside of the US
to be awarded LEED platinum
rating.
 The building is literally made
completely out of recycled material.
 The building does not discharge any
waste water and recycles all the
used water.
 The building design comprises of two
air conditioning towers where the
incoming air is cooled 7 to 8 degrees
by spraying water thereby reducing
the load on air conditioning energy
consumption.
 The roof is covered with roof garden
as well as solar photovoltaic thereby
reducing the energy consumption by
almost 60% against a comparable
conventional building.

28. CRISIL HOUSE, HIRANANDANI GARDENS,
MUMBAI
 Often dubbed the greenest
commercial complex in India,
this headquarters of the
leading rating agency has 14
gardens inside the building.
 70 % of the work area does not
require any artificial lighting
during the day, which is very
rare for commercial building in
India.
 All the interiors are made up
of recycled construction
material, at the center of
the building is an atrium that
allows natural light to seep in
even the interior parts of the
building.
 Only energy efficient artificial
lighting is used in the building
that ensures reduced carbon
footprint.

29. INFOSYS LIMITED, MYSORE BUILDING
 The overall water consumption of the
building is 58% less as compared to other
buildings of similar capacity.
 Most of the waste water is recycled and
used for irrigation.
 Insulated walls and roof, along with
spectrally selective double glazed
windows.
 Efficient equipment and smart
automation is used across the building
that leads to a 40% reduction in energy
costs.
 Almost 90% of the work spaces inside the
building harvests natural light, the
design of the building includes light
shelves that ensures that natural light
travels as deep as possible inside the
building.
 Almost 100% of the building’s energy
consumption is met with green power.
 Infosys also ensured manufacturing of
most of the building material locally to
ensure reduced pollution due to transport.

30. ITC GREEN CENTER, GURGAON & ITC
HOTELS – LUXURY COLLECTION
 ITC Hotels the greenest luxury hotel chain in the world
with all its ten premium luxury hotels LEED (Leadership
in Energy and Environmental Design) Platinum certified.
 The headquarters of the ITC’s hotel business in ITC Green
Center, Gurgaon as of 2004 statistics was world’s largest
LEED platinum rated office space. ITC Gardenia,
Bengaluru is the first Indian Hotel and world’s largest, to
get the LEED Platinum rating.

31. INFINITY BENCHMARK, SALT LAKE CITY,
KOLKATA
 Inaugurated in 2009, this
5,60,000 sq. feet of space
spread over 20 floors was
then only the 2ndbuilding
outside the US and the
7th in the world to receive
a LEED Platinum rating.
 This building is equipped
with CO2 monitoring
sensors, intelligent
humidification controls,
rainwater harvesting &
waste water recycling
systems.
 The building design
reduces the overall
energy costs by 30% .

32. SUZLON ONE EARTH, PUNE
 This headquarters of India’s largest green
energy company truly lives up to the
expectations.
 The campus has 18 hybrid wind turbines that
fulfil 7% of the total energy consumption, the
rest of energy demand is met from offsite wind
turbines.
 90% of the occupied spaces in the campus have
daylight exposure, all the lighting used is also
LED that reduces the overall consumption.
 Daylight sensors & occupancy sensors are
installed across the building that
automatically controls the artificial lighting
and turn off the lights when no one is around.
 More than 70% of the building material used
has a reduced carbon footprint.
 Jet fans are installed in the basements that
push out stale air and bring in fresh air and
consumes 50% less energy as compared to
conventional ducted basement ventilation.
 Even the pavements and roads within the
campus are designed to enable water
percolation and thereby control storm water
runoff thus, contributing towards an increased
water table level.

33. PATNI (I-GATE) KNOWLEDGE CENTER, NOIDA
 This Noida office of Patni (now
i-gate) is one of India’s largest
LEED Platinum certified office
space.
 The building design utilizes
passive (architectural) and
active (mechanical/ electrical)
strategies to minimize energy
consumption.
 The building depth has been
optimally designed to capture
daylight for more than 75% of
the occupied interiors.
 More than 95% of the occupied
workspace in the building
receives outdoor view.
 Almost 50% of the land cover
is green area and the building
does not discharge any waste
recycling all its sewage water.

34. GREAT LAKES INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT,
CHENNAI
 Located at the scenic Chennai Pondicherry highway,
the campus of this b-school lives up to its name.
 The institute is of the few LEED Platinum certified
educational institutions in the world.
 Spread over 27 acres it certainly is the most energy
efficient academic centre in India.

35. BEE-BUREAU OF ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
 5 STAR RATING
 ENERGY PERFORMANCE INDEX
 RESERVE BANK OF INDIA BUILDINGS,
DELHI & CII SOHRABJI GODREJ GBC – 5
STAR RATED