Gastrolearning II modulo/8a lezione
Il trattamento chirurgico del colangiocarcinoma
Prof. Gian Luca Grazi - Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Roma
Cholangiocarcinoma: Pathology, diagnosis and treatment.Marco Castillo
A brief description with many abdominal imaging of the Cholangiocarcinoma.
Includes definition, epidemiology, pathology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging and treatment.
Cholangiocarcinoma: Pathology, diagnosis and treatment.Marco Castillo
A brief description with many abdominal imaging of the Cholangiocarcinoma.
Includes definition, epidemiology, pathology, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging and treatment.
Model relacional i comprovació de la 1era , 2ona, 3era forma normal i la fòrmula normal Boyce-Codd. Transformació del model entitat relació al model relacional.
Il colangiocarcinoma: Presentazione Clinica, Diagnosi e Trattamento - Gastrol...Gastrolearning
Gastrolearning II modulo/8a lezione
Il colangiocarcinoma: Presentazione Clinica, Diagnosi e Trattamento
Prof. D. Alvaro - Università di Roma La Sapienza
What is MIS?
A minimally invasive medical procedure is defined as one that is carried out by entering the body through the skin or through a body cavity or anatomical opening, but with the smallest damage possible to these struct uresIncludes laparoscopic, endoscopic, and other approaches.
Why MIS?
Decreased patient pain
Decreased patient recovery period
Possible decrease in inflammatory response in the patient which may prove to have a better outcome in oncologic operations.
Distant future
In the distant future, there will be a para- digm shift with the development of non-inva- sive surgical techniques in combination with nanotechnologies and a new era in the devel- opment of surgery, and subsequently in surgi- cal techniques, will be opened.
Nanotechnology is an umbrella term for materials and devices that operate at the nanoskill (1 billionth of a meter). In terms of scale, a nanometer is approximately one 1/8000 of a human hair or 10 times the diam- eter of a hydrogen atom. The size of the device can vary but starts from a ten thou- sand-logic element system that will occupy a cube of no more than one hundred nanome- ters. This is a volume slightly larger than 0.001 cubic microns. This would be sufficient to hold a small computer. For example, if red blood cells are approximately eight microns in diameter, the 100 nanomicroprocessor will be 80 times smaller than a red blood cell. Devices this size could easily fit into the circulatory system and could even conceivably enter indi- vidual cells.
Comments Excellent paper. It’s obvious that you put quite a bit of .docxdrandy1
Comments: Excellent paper. It’s obvious that you put quite a bit of work into this. Unfortunately, your paper needs adequate citations in the body of the text to meet our standards on plagiarism. You need to cite each textbook from your bibliography whenever you quote or use some information from the textbook or other resource. For example, writing (Jones 285) after the quote or information used means that you got it from the book whose author was Jones and the info came from page 285.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a procedure in which laparoscopic techniques remove the gallbladder. It is the standard of care for symptomatic gallbladder disease, of which most are performed for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Other indications include acute cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia, and gallstone pancreatitis.
Describe the reasons a patient might have the selected surgical procedure
The typical reason a cholecystectomy is a treatment of choice is inflammatory changes of gallbladder or blockage of bile flow by gallstones. Symptomatic cholelithiasis is the most common reason where gallstones in the gallbladder are blocking the bile flow and cause inflammation. The patient usually complains of episodic epigastric pain and right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the right shoulder. This pain is found to occur several hours after heavy meals and the patient experiences nausea, vomiting, bloating, fever, and right upper quadrant tenderness. Another condition is acute cholecystitis, where inflammation and symptoms are more prominent. The patient may have a fever, constant pain, positive Murphy's sign, or leukocytosis. Acute cholecystitis may be caused by calculous biliary tract disease with confirmed gallstones in the abdominal US. Acute acalculous cholecystitis usually occurs in critically ill patients, those with prolonged total parenteral nutrition, and some immunosuppressed patients. Patients with episodes of right upper quadrant pain (which are ‘classic' for biliary pain without evidence of cholelithiasis of US or ERCP) may also be referred for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gallstone pancreatitis (when small stones pass through the cystic duct) confirmed by cholangiography is another indication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Describe the reasons a patient might be disqualified for this surgery and the options for the patient if any
A patient might be excluded for laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to acute general conditions that are a contraindication for any surgery such as an acute cardiac failure, uncontrolled hypertension, acute renal failure, pneumonia, etc. The condition should be treated by a primary care provider or specialist and the patient should be stable prior surgery. Additional contraindications may include the inability to tolerate general anesthesia, significant portal hypertension, uncorrectable coagulopathy, and multiple prior operations.
List the diagnostic tests and lab work that an attending surgeon might order and desc.
Comments Excellent paper. It’s obvious that you put quite a bit of .docxcargillfilberto
Comments: Excellent paper. It’s obvious that you put quite a bit of work into this. Unfortunately, your paper needs adequate citations in the body of the text to meet our standards on plagiarism. You need to cite each textbook from your bibliography whenever you quote or use some information from the textbook or other resource. For example, writing (Jones 285) after the quote or information used means that you got it from the book whose author was Jones and the info came from page 285.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a procedure in which laparoscopic techniques remove the gallbladder. It is the standard of care for symptomatic gallbladder disease, of which most are performed for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Other indications include acute cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia, and gallstone pancreatitis.
Describe the reasons a patient might have the selected surgical procedure
The typical reason a cholecystectomy is a treatment of choice is inflammatory changes of gallbladder or blockage of bile flow by gallstones. Symptomatic cholelithiasis is the most common reason where gallstones in the gallbladder are blocking the bile flow and cause inflammation. The patient usually complains of episodic epigastric pain and right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the right shoulder. This pain is found to occur several hours after heavy meals and the patient experiences nausea, vomiting, bloating, fever, and right upper quadrant tenderness. Another condition is acute cholecystitis, where inflammation and symptoms are more prominent. The patient may have a fever, constant pain, positive Murphy's sign, or leukocytosis. Acute cholecystitis may be caused by calculous biliary tract disease with confirmed gallstones in the abdominal US. Acute acalculous cholecystitis usually occurs in critically ill patients, those with prolonged total parenteral nutrition, and some immunosuppressed patients. Patients with episodes of right upper quadrant pain (which are ‘classic' for biliary pain without evidence of cholelithiasis of US or ERCP) may also be referred for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gallstone pancreatitis (when small stones pass through the cystic duct) confirmed by cholangiography is another indication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Describe the reasons a patient might be disqualified for this surgery and the options for the patient if any
A patient might be excluded for laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to acute general conditions that are a contraindication for any surgery such as an acute cardiac failure, uncontrolled hypertension, acute renal failure, pneumonia, etc. The condition should be treated by a primary care provider or specialist and the patient should be stable prior surgery. Additional contraindications may include the inability to tolerate general anesthesia, significant portal hypertension, uncorrectable coagulopathy, and multiple prior operations.
List the diagnostic tests and lab work that an attending surgeon might order and desc.
Presentation on New Advances in the Treatment of Liver Tumors (Laparoscopic Resections) by Dr. Kimberly Moore Dalal, Surgical Oncology & General Surgery, Peninsula Medical Center.
Benign Biliary Stricture is a common condition which we encounter during gastro practice. Here we discuss in detail about its diagnosis and management.
Gall bladder carcinoma seen in Indian popluation most common in women and presents at a very late stage .Survival is in months hence palliative treatment is being preferred .
La terapia medica e chirurgica della malattia perianale di Crohn - Gastrolear...Gastrolearning
Gastrolearning II modulo/21a lezione
La terapia medica e chirurgica della malattia perianale di Crohn
Relatore: Prof. Paolo Gionchetti (Università di Bologna)
Epatocarcinoma: nulla di nuovo sotto il sole - Gastrolearning®Gastrolearning
Gastrolearning II modulo/13a lezione
Epatocarcinoma: nulla di nuovo sotto il sole
Relatore: Prof. Massimo Colombo (Milano)
Discussants: Prof. F. Farinati (Padova), Prof.ssa E. Villa (Modena), Prof. A. Grieco (Roma).
Il colangiocarcinoma: Epidemiologia, Fattori di rischio e patogenesi - Gastro...Gastrolearning
Gastrolearning II modulo/7a lezione
Il colangiocarcinoma: Epidemiologia, Fattori di rischio e patogenesi
Prof. D. Alvaro - Università di Roma La Sapienza
Il ruolo dell'ecoendoscopia nella diagnosi delle lesioni solide pancreatiche ...Gastrolearning
Gastrolearning II modulo/4a lezione
Il ruolo dell'ecoendoscopia nella diagnosi delle lesioni solide pancreatiche
Prof. A. Larghi - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore (Roma).
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
7. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
Assenza di problemi medici maggiori
Anamnesi e visita medica
Esami di laboratorio e di funzionalità
Assenza di metastasi a distanza
Studio del torace e dell’addome
Altre indagini volte allo studio di sintomi
Periferico – stadiazione locale
Valutazione dei peduncoli glissoniani
Valutazione delle vene sovraepatiche
Coinvolgimento del parenchima
Studio della via biliare
Distale – stadiazione locale
Valutazione della vena porta
Valutazione della v. mesenterica superiore
Valutazione delle vene sovraepatiche
Valutazione dell’arteria epatica
Studio della via biliare
TAC con
ricostruzione
vascolare
(laparoscopia?)
TAC con
ricostruzione
vascolare ±
Colangio RM
(laparoscopia?)
Colangio RM
ERCP
PTC
TAC total body ± PET / laparoscopia
8. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
The major determinants of resectability are
•the extent of tumor within the biliary tree,
•the amount of hepatic parenchyma involved,
•vascular invasion,
•hepatic lobar atrophy, and
•metastatic disease.
Assessment of resectability
9. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
Patient to be resected
•Non cirrhotic
•No pre-op CHT
Major resection
planned
Minor resection
planned
•Cirrhotic
•Pre-op CHT
Major resection
planned
Minor resection
planned
Maybe nothing
IGR ??
Volumetry
IGR ??
MELD
IGR Useful
MELD
IGR
Volumetry
Biopsy ??
10. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
• Normal underlying liver
FLR should be 20-25% of total liver volume (TLV)
• Chemotherapy induced liver injury
FLR should be >30% of TLV
• Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or severe
fibrosis)
FLR should be >40%
Future Remnant Liver
15. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
de Jong MC, J Clin Oncol 2011, 29: 3140-3145
• Although tumor size provides no prognostic
information, tumor number, vascular invasion,
and LN metastasis are associated with survival.
• N1 status adversely affected overall survival and
also influenced the relative effect of tumor
number and vascular invasion on prognosis.
• Lymphadenectomy should be strongly considered
for ICC, because up to 30% of patients will have
LN metastasis.
20. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
• The preoperative clinical T staging system as proposed by Jarnagin
and Blumgart defines both the radial and longitudinal extension of
hilar cholangiocarcinoma, which are critical factors in the
determination of resectability.
• This Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) staging system
incorporates 3 factors based on preoperative imaging studies:
(1) location and extent of ductal involvement;
(2) presence or absence of portal vein invasion, and;
(3) presence or absence of hepatic lobar atrophy.
27. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
Pro Cons
PTBD provides precise preoperative
staging of the disease
Increases the risk of cholangitis
Contributes to improved surgical
outcome
Possibly increases tumor seeding
Definitive role when portal vein
embolization is needed
Could be omitted:
•recent onset jaundice (<2-3 weeks),
total bilirubin <200 μmol/l,
•absence of sepsis,
•future liver remnant 40%.
It should not be performed systematically and specialized surgical
evaluation should be performed before any type of direct
cholangiography or PBD is performed.
Consensus Conference on Cholangiocarcinoma, HPB, 2008; 10
Biliary stenting
33. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
Definition of Surgical Strategy
Definition of the extention
of the tumor in the left and
in the right ducts
Volumetry
left lobe – S2+S3
left hemiliver – S2+S3+S4
right lobe – S5+S6+S7+S8
caudate lobe
34. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
The Bismuth classification takes into account tumour
extension into the right and left biliary system; but, tumour
extension anteriorly to the quadrate lobe (segment 4) and
posteriorly to the caudate lobe (segment 1) is equally
important.
Surgical treatment, therefore, should include resection of
segments 4 and 1 which in the case of right-sided tumours
(type IIIa) comes down to extended right hemihepatectomy
en bloc with segment 1.
In conjunction with any resection, complete
lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament is carried
out.
Van Gulik TM, 2007; 26 (Suppl 2), 127–132
35. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
Changes in pre-, intra-, and postoperative management over the course of the study
period. ENBD indicates endoscopic naso-biliary drainage; MDCT,multidetector-row
computed tomography; PTBD, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage; PTCS,
percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.
Nagino M, Ann Surg 2013;258: 129–140
38. Cholangiocarcinoma - Treatment
Left Hepatectomy +
caudate lobe
Right Hepatectomy +
caudate lobe
Pro Cons Pro Cons
Smaller procedure Greater procedure
Greater liver
remnant volume
Smaller liver
remnant volume
No need for PVE Needs PVE
Right duct shorter Left duct longer
(usually available)
Often double (triple)
duct anastomosis
Often one single
duct anastomosis
Quickly available Longer “evaluation
to surgery” time
54. The role of Portal Vein Embolization
colangiocarcinomacolangiocarcinoma:
3 % tumori dell’apparato digerente
età > 65 anni 2/3 dei casi
> frequenza nei paesi asiatici
COLECISTI 2/3
15% VB intraepatiche
VB 1/3 60 % ilari (tumori di Klatskin)
25 % VB extraepatica
55. The role of Portal Vein Embolization
- fattori di rischio: 2 volte più frequente nella donna
correlazione con litiasi colecisti non dimostrata
- stadio iniziale: reperto fortuito dopo colecistectomia per calcoli
- stadio avanzato: massa epatica del IV-V segm, ittero, cattiva prognosi
COLECISTI 2/3
15% VB intraepatiche
VB 1/3 60 % ilari (tumori di Klatskin)
25 % VB extraepatica
56. The role of Portal Vein Embolization
- fattori di rischio: leggera prevalenza nel maschio
età > 50 anni, colangite sclerosante primitiva
- clinica: ittero ostruttivoittero ostruttivo con epatomegalia, urine ipercromiche, feci
ipocoliche, prurito, colecisti distesa (se tumore del coledoco), colangite
(rara), calo PT (malassorbimento vit. K)
COLECISTI 2/3
15% VB intraepatiche
VB 1/3 60 % ilari (tumori di Klatskin)
25 % VB extraepatica
58. Gian Luca Grazi
Hepato Biliary Pancreatic Surgery
National Cancer Institute “Regina Elena”, Rome, Italy
grazi@ifo.it
www.chirurgiadelfegato.it
Follow us on Twitter @Chirurgiafegato
The role of Portal Vein Embolization