This document discusses downy mildew, a fungal disease that affects grapevines. It is caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola. Downy mildew causes yellow spots on leaves and white fungal growth on the underside of leaves. It can also infect and kill young grape berries. The pathogen overwinters as oospores in plant debris and spreads via airborne sporangia. Downy mildew favors temperatures between 18-25°C and high humidity. Management includes cultural practices like pruning and fungicide application, especially copper-based products and products containing cymoxanil, fosetyl-al, or metalaxyl.
Downy mildew of grapes refers to any of several types of oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants. Downy mildews exclusively belong to Peronosporaceae. In commercial agriculture, they are a particular problem for growers of crucifers, grapes and vegetables that grow on vines. slide contains vivid descrition of the plant pathogen.
Downy mildew of grapes refers to any of several types of oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants. Downy mildews exclusively belong to Peronosporaceae. In commercial agriculture, they are a particular problem for growers of crucifers, grapes and vegetables that grow on vines. slide contains vivid descrition of the plant pathogen.
Plant nematology is the study of nematodes, or roundworms, that are parasites of plants. These plant-parasitic nematodes can cause significant damage to crops, resulting in billions of dollars in losses worldwide ⁵. There is a lot of research being done to understand the interactions between parasitic nematodes and their plant hosts, and to develop new ways to control these pests ⁴. Is there anything specific you would like to know about plant nematology?
Source: Conversation with Bing, 13/7/2023
(1) (PDF) INTRODUCTORY-NEMOTOLOGY | ashish chaudhary - Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/34273375/INTRODUCTORY_NEMOTOLOGY.
(2) Plant Nematology Lab - University of Leeds. http://www.fbs.leeds.ac.uk/nem/.
(3) Plant Nematology: , 2nd Edition - Google Books. https://books.google.com/books/about/Plant_Nematology.html?id=LTv7AgAAQBAJ.
(4) Nematology - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematology.
(5) Plant Nematology | NHBS Academic & Professional Books. https://www.nhbs.com/plant-nematology-book.
Plant nematology is the study of nematodes, or roundworms, that are parasites of plants. These plant-parasitic nematodes can cause significant damage to crops, resulting in billions of dollars in losses worldwide ⁵. There is a lot of research being done to understand the interactions between parasitic nematodes and their plant hosts, and to develop new ways to control these pests ⁴. Is there anything specific you would like to know about plant nematology?
Source: Conversation with Bing, 13/7/2023
(1) (PDF) INTRODUCTORY-NEMOTOLOGY | ashish chaudhary - Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/34273375/INTRODUCTORY_NEMOTOLOGY.
(2) Plant Nematology Lab - University of Leeds. http://www.fbs.leeds.ac.uk/nem/.
(3) Plant Nematology: , 2nd Edition - Google Books. https://books.google.com/books/about/Plant_Nematology.html?id=LTv7AgAAQBAJ.
(4) Nematology - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematology.
(5) Plant Nematology | NHBS Academic & Professional Books. https://www.nhbs.com/plant-nematology-book.
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1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3)
Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai D
Downy mildew of grapes
Plasmopara viticola
STUDENT
Miss. DIBIYA JOSE.L
ID. No. 2015021032
COURSE TEACHER
Dr. PARTHASARATHY S
Asst. Professor (Plant Pathology)
2. Introduction
Downy mildew is a highly destructive disease of
grapevines in all grape-growing areas of the world
where there is spring and summer rainfall at
temperatures above 10ºC (50ºF).
4. Occurrence and distribution
• France, Europe, North America, Algeria, Australia
and all over grapes growing areas in World.
5. Symptoms on leaves
• Foliar symptoms appear as yellow circular spots with an oily
appearance (oilspots) on leaves.
• Young oilspots on young leaves are surrounded by a brownish-
yellow halo. This halo fades as the oilspot matures.
• Under favorable weather conditions, large numbers of oilspots
may develop and coalesce to cover most of the leaf surface.
6. • After suitably warm, humid nights, a white downy
fungal growth (sporangia) will appear on the underside
of the leaves and other infected plant parts.
• The disease gets its name "downy mildew" from the
presence of this downy growth.
• In late summer and early fall, the diseased leaves take
on a tapestry-like appearance when the growth of the
pathogen is restricted by the veinlets.
7. On berries
• White downy sporulation beneath suspect oilspots or on
shoots or fruit bunches.
• Infected parts of young fruit bunches turn brown,
wither, and die rapidly. If infections occur on the young
bunch stalk, the entire inflorescence may die.
• Developing young berries will either die or, if between
3 and 5 mm in diameter, become discolored.
11. Pathogen
• Plasmopara viticola- asexual, biflagellate zoospores, sexual
oospores is a resting stage.
• Mycelium is aseptate.
• It is an obligate parasite, and it absorbs nutrients from the
living host tissue via globose haustoria
• Sexual reproduction occurs through the fusion of antheridia
and oogonia within the host tissue. Plasmopara viticola has
only recently been shown to be heterothallic.
12. • Oospores form a single germ tube terminating in a
sporangium.
• Zoospores form within the sporangia and are then released.
• Zoospores germinate and penetrate the plant only through
functioning stomata.
• Sporangia – Tree like sporangiophores, bearing white, lemon-
shaped sporangia.
15. Taxonomic classification
Kingdom : Fungi
Superphylum : Heterokonta
Class :Oomycota
Order : Peronosporales
Family : Peronosporaceae
Genus :Plasmopara
Species : P. viticola
17. Mode of spread
• Primary spread : Oospores on plant debris
• Secondary spread : Air borne sporangia
18. Management
Cultural practices:
• Well-drained sites with good air movement.
• Trellising systems and pruning can be used to
manage the leaf canopy to minimize leaf wetness
• Sanitation is important. Remove dead leaves and
berries from vines and the ground after leaf drop.
19. Chemical management
• Pre-infection fungicides include the copper-based
fungicides, such as Bordeaux mixture and the
Dithiocarbamates.
• Specific control for grapes downy mildew Cymoxanil,
fosetyl-al, metalaxyl, fenamidone, Sulfamide,
Mancozeb, Phosphonate, Azoxystrobin
21. Reference
• Saha L.R,Handbook of Plant diseases,2002,Kalyani
Publishers,New Delhi.
• T.S.Thind,Diseases of fruits and vegetables and their
managemnet,Kalyani publishers ,New Delhi.
• https://www.apsnet.org/educenter/introp/lessons/fungi
/Oomycetes/Pages/DownyMildewGrape.aspx.
