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Loose smut of wheat
This document provides information about loose smut of wheat, a fungal disease caused by Ustilago segetum and Ustilago tritici. Loose smut infects wheat plants systemically and symptoms appear after the ears emerge. The entire ear, except for the awns, becomes converted into black powdery spores covered by a silvery membrane. Management strategies include using healthy seed for sowing, seed treatment with fungicides, and growing resistant wheat varieties. The pathogen can survive in the seed embryo and is spread through infected seed.
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Loose smut of wheat
- 1. LOOSE SMUT OFWHEAT DR. RAJBIR SINGH Assistant Professor Department of Plant Pathology Gochar Mahavidyalaya, Rampur Maniharan, Saharanpur (UP), India Affiliated to Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut (UP), India Email: rajbir25805@yahoo.com, rajbirsingh2810@gmail.com Cell No. 91-9456613374
- 2. Loose Smut ofWheat • All wheat growing regions of India • Loss – 30% • Symptoms: • Symptoms appear after ear emergence • Diseased ear emerged first than normal in some varieties • Mostly all ears in a stool affected • Less tillering
- 3. • Except awnsall parts of ear converted into smut spore • Black powder in ear – covered by slivery membrane • Membrane burst later & smut spore release • Rachis • Group of smut spore called - sorus • ↑ Respiration • ↓ Dry weight of plant
- 4. Pathogen – Ustilagosegetum Ustilago tritici • Disease is internally seed borne • Pathogen survive in embryo as secondary mycelium • Infection – systemic • Tem. – 23° C • Smut spore – 18 - 20° C • R. H. – 60 - 85%
- 5. Systemic Position Kingdom –Mycota/ Fungi Division – Eumycota Sub division – Basidiomycotina Class – Teliomycetes Order – Ustilaginales Family – Ustilaginaceae Genus – Ustilago Species - segetum Fungi Species- tritici
- 6. Spores of Ustilagosegatum
- 8. Disease Management • Useof healthy Seed for sowing. • Seed treatment – Vitavax @ 2.5 gm/ kg seed. • Hot water treatment- (1). Seed dip in cold water – 4 hrs – 64-85° F (2). Seed dip in hot water –132° F-10 minutes (3). Drying of seed • Solar treatment- by Luthra, 1953 In May- June- seed dip in cold water – 8-12 O’clock - 4 hrs seed drying in sun light – 12- 4 O’ clock- 4 hrs • Dis. Res. Var.- DWR-59, PBW- 213, HD- 2221, HD- 2203, Kalyan
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