causes identification and their reproduction

1. A PRESENTATION
ON
POWDERY MILDEW
By
Saisikan Patra

2. Powdery mildew
Introduction:-
 It is a fungal disease
Affects a wide variety of plants and takes away
plant’s nutrients.
This causes the plant to bloom less and
become weaker.
 Its symptoms are quite distinctive & easy to identify
Powdery mildew grows well in environments with
high humidity and moderate temperatures
The powdery growth is a mass of conidia borne
on conidiophores.

3. Causes Of Powdery Mildew:-
The overwinter in plant debris begin producing
spores in the spring. These spores are carried to
your plants via wind, insects, and splashing water.
Conditions that encourage the growth and spread
of powdery mildew include:
Dampness or high humidity
Crowded plantings
Poor air circulation
(Powdery mildew on Mapple)

4. Is Powdery Mildew Dangerous?
In many cases, powdery mildew is not fatal to the
plant; instead, it’s more of an aesthetic issue.
However, if left untreated, powdery mildew can
leech nutrients from the plant, eventually causing
leaves to wither and yellow.
This can make blooms unsightly and leave
vegetables and fruits particularly vulnerable to
sunburn.
Powdery mildew can eventually reduce the
plant’s producing capacity and affect the flavors of
fruits

5. Identification:-
Plants infected with powdery mildew look as if
they have been dusted with flour
Powdery mildew usually starts off as circular,
white spots, which can appear on leaves, stems,
and sometimes fruit.
Powdery mildew usually covers the upper part of
the leaves and affects the older leaves first; the
leaves turn yellow and dry out.
The fungus might cause some leaves to twist,
break, or become distorted.
These symptoms usually appear late in the
growing season.

6. Steps involved in powdery mildew affected trees:-

7. Reproduction:-
Powdery mildew fungi reproduce both sexually and
asexually.
Sexual reproduction is via chasmothecia a type
of ascocarp, Within each ascocarp are several asci.
Over time, ascospores mature and are released to initiate
new infections.
 Conditions necessary for spore maturation differ among
species
Wooly aphids (Eriosomatinae) and other sucking insects
are often vectors of transmission for powdery mildew
Aphids penetrate plant surfaces where they often reside
and provide a host of potential inoculants through physical,
digestive or fecal secretions

8. Which Plants And Vegetables Are Most Susceptible?
There is a variety of powdery mildew species and they can affect different types
of plants. While no plant is 100% immune, here are some plants that tend to
be particularly susceptible.

9. Prevention of Powdery Mildew
Plant mildew-resistant plant varieties
Ensure there is enough spacing between your plants to provide
enough airflow around all parts of the plant.
Don’t over fertilize your plants. New growth tends to be very
susceptible to powdery mildew development.
Put plants where they will get enough light and avoid overly
shady locations.
Make sure the soil can drain properly. Inadequate drainage can
make soil a breeding ground for disease-causing organisms.
Use compost to boost the nutrient levels in the soil, which will
in turn increase beneficial microorganism populations.
Keep plants properly maintained by removing any dead or
diseased foliage and stems.
Use preventative treatment options, like a sulfur fungicide,
before powdery mildew even forms.

10. How To Control Powdery Mildew
Rubbing the infected leaves together can help partially
remove the disease from plants.
Remove all the infected plant parts and destroy them.
 Do not compost any infected plant, as the disease can still
be spread by the wind.
Spray infected plants with fungicides. Effective fungicides
for powdery mildew treatments or cures include sulfur, lime-
sulfur,
neemoil,&potassium bicarbonate as triadimefon and propi
conazole., Bavistin
Another chemical treatment involves treating with
a silicon solution or calcium silicate slag
Sulfur and Fish Oil + Sesame Oil are effective bio
fungicides that act against powdery mildew

11. Baking soda combined with liquid soap and water, can
be a powerful weapon. It’s normally most beneficial if used
as a preventative measure rather than a treatment.
Since dry conditions coupled with high humidity are often
the culprits behind powdery mildew growth, watering
plants overhead and getting the entire plant wet can help.
Hyperparasites of powdery mildew
Ampelomyces quisqualis is an anamorphic fungus is
a hyperparasite of powdery mildews.
In the family Sphaeropsidaceae of
the Sphaeropsidales fungi, species of the
genus Cicinnobolus are hyperparasites of powdery mildew.
This parasitism reduces growth and may eventually kill
the mildew.