Grammar book final
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This document is a grammar book for the second semester of Spanish. It contains a table of contents outlining the topics to be covered, including the subjunctive in adjective clauses, commands using tú and nosotros, past participles used as adjectives, the present perfect, past perfect, future, conditional, and past subjunctive tenses. Each topic provides explanations and examples of how to conjugate and use the grammar structures in Spanish sentences.
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This document provides information about Spanish preterite verbs (past tense verbs ending in -AR, -ER, -IR). It explains that preterite verbs refer to completed past actions and that the verb endings indicate who performed the action. It gives the preterite endings for -AR verbs and provides examples of conjugating regular -AR, -ER, -IR verbs as well as irregular -CAR, -GAR, -ZAR verbs in the preterite tense. It also lists words that indicate the past and includes an exercise to practice using preterite verbs.
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This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar topics including: que vs cual, uses of ser and estar, gustar verbs, imperfect tense, reflexive verbs, commands, and placement of direct object pronouns. It covers key concepts for each topic in brief paragraphs and charts.
Grammar book (2)
This document provides a table of contents and overview for a Spanish grammar book. It covers topics such as the present tense, stem changing verbs, ser vs estar, gustar and similar verbs, nouns and articles, preterite vs imperfect, the subjunctive, commands, object pronouns, possessive adjectives and pronouns, demonstrative adjectives and pronouns, reflexive verbs, por vs para, and verbs to express becoming something. The document provides conjugation charts and explanations of grammar concepts.
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Grammar book final
- 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS • 1. Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses • 2. Tú Commands • 3. Nosotros Commands • 4. Past Participles Used as Adjectives • 5. Present Perfect • 6. Past Perfect • 7. Future Tense • 8. Conditional Tense • 9. Past Subjunctive
- 3. SUBJUNCTIVE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES • Phrases used to key the subjunctive • Es necesario que… • Es interestante que… • Verbs that key subjunctive clauses • Creer (to believe) • Dudar (to doubt)
- 4. TU COMMANDS • Irregulars – pon, ten, ven, sal, haz, se, di, ve • Positive commands – change the verb to second person and drop the “s” (cantar – canta) • Negative commands – change the verb to the second person and change the last vowel to the opposite (cantar – no cantes)
- 5. NOSOTROS COMMANDS • Ar verbs – add –amos to the ending (cantar – cantaramos) • Er verbs- add –emos to the ending (aprender – aprenderemos) • Ir verbs – add –imos to the ending (recibir - recibimos) And add an accent over the vowel before the ending when nosotros commands are present
- 6. PAST PARTICIPLES USED AS ADJECTIVES • The past participle used as an adjective must agree in number and gender to the noun • Create a past participle by adding a, as, o, os to the end of a verb as it agrees with the noun • La puerta esta cerrada. • Las puertas estan cerradas.
- 7. PRESENT PERFECT • Conjugate the verb “haber” to he, has, ha, hamos, han coupled with your participle • The participle stays constant and does not change • He comido los chicharones. (I have eaten the pork rinds)
- 8. PAST PERFECT • This is the same as present perfect but the verb “haber” changes form to habia, habias, habia, habiamos, habian • Habia vivido un vida buena. (I had lived a good life.)
- 9. FUTURE TENSE • These verbs translate to “I will…” in English • The verb conjugation occurs at the end of the verb and does not change the rest of the verb except in irregulars • E, as, a, emos, an (with accents) • Tendre un millon dolares. (I will have one million dollars.)
- 10. CONDITIONAL TENSE • These verbs translate to “should, could, would” in English and represent possibilities • The conjugation also comes at the end of the verb with ia, ias, ia, iamos, ian (with accents on the “i”) • Jugaria baloncesto hoy. (I should play basketball today.)
- 11. PAST SUBJUNCTIVE • These verbs represent that if something had happened in the past, then… • The conjugation occurs at the end of the verb • Ra, ras, ra, ramos, ran • Si pudiera vivir nuevamente mi vida (If I could live a new life)