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Lesson 5
Electromagnets and
the Direct Current (DC) Motor
Nelson Reference Pages: 560, 567-Nelson Reference Pages: 560, 567-
570570
McGraw-Hill Reference Pages:McGraw-Hill Reference Pages:
698, 710 - 711698, 710 - 711
AnAn electromagnet is created by wrapping wire aroundis created by wrapping wire around
a ferromagnetic core (such as iron). The wrappeda ferromagnetic core (such as iron). The wrapped
wire is essentially a solenoid, and we can use RHRwire is essentially a solenoid, and we can use RHR
#2 to find the North end – as in the diagram. The#2 to find the North end – as in the diagram. The
ferromagnetic core greatly increases the strength offerromagnetic core greatly increases the strength of
the electromagnet in comparison to an air core.the electromagnet in comparison to an air core.
Why?Why?
Ans. The magnetic field from the coil aligns theThe magnetic field from the coil aligns the
domains in the iron. This increases the number ofdomains in the iron. This increases the number of
field lines inside the coil which is an increase in thefield lines inside the coil which is an increase in the
magnet field strength.magnet field strength.
Electromagnetic Design
1. If the current in the coil is doubled, the strength of the
magnetic field will also be doubled.
2. If the number of turns on the coil is doubled, the strength of
the electromagnet will also be doubled.
3. Using a ferromagnetic core material will greatly increase
the strength of the EM. The Nelson 11 (old version)
textbook states that the strength can increase by 1000
times!
Question: What happens if a non-ferromagnetic material is
used for the core?
Ans. Non-ferromagnetic materials can not increase the field
strength as they do not have domains. It has been found
an aluminum core will have no effect and copper actually
causes a decrease in field strength (compared to an air
core).
The Motor Principle
The coil, in the diagram,
experiences a force
which causes a CW
rotation. The direction
is found by using RHR
#____ .
Now, consider what
happens when the coil
turns 900
CW. If the
current direction does
not change, the top of
the coil would
experience an ___ward
force and the bottom of
the coil would
experience a ___ ward
force. This would
cause the rotation to
_______ .
I
I
+-
U p
All direct current (DC) motors have aAll direct current (DC) motors have a split ring commutator
which allows the current to reverse direction. This in turnwhich allows the current to reverse direction. This in turn
causes the direction of the force on the edges of the coil tocauses the direction of the force on the edges of the coil to
also _______ . In doing so, the coil will continuouslyalso _______ . In doing so, the coil will continuously
_______ . The_______ . The diagrams above show the typical setup of ashow the typical setup of a
small dc motor. The parts of the motor are listed in thesmall dc motor. The parts of the motor are listed in the
second diagram:second diagram: brushes, split ring commutator, rotor (or
armature), windings (wrapped on an iron core), stator.
Practice Questions
(Note: Use CW for clockwise and CCW for counter
CW when describing observed rotations of a coil
or motor armature)
Electromagnet
Workbook
Page 67 (old 61b) #1–5 (right side)Page 67 (old 61b) #1–5 (right side)
DC Motor
Nelson Textbook
Page 571 #1, 2Page 571 #1, 2
Page 584 # 10Page 584 # 10
Teacher Notes OnlyTeacher Notes Only
Previously used questionsPreviously used questions
McGraw-Hill TBMcGraw-Hill TB
page 699 #2page 699 #2
Textbook page: 712 # 2-4page: 712 # 2-4
page: 715 # 21, 22page: 715 # 21, 22

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Grade 11, U5 L5-Electromagnets & DC motor

  • 1. Lesson 5 Electromagnets and the Direct Current (DC) Motor Nelson Reference Pages: 560, 567-Nelson Reference Pages: 560, 567- 570570 McGraw-Hill Reference Pages:McGraw-Hill Reference Pages: 698, 710 - 711698, 710 - 711
  • 2. AnAn electromagnet is created by wrapping wire aroundis created by wrapping wire around a ferromagnetic core (such as iron). The wrappeda ferromagnetic core (such as iron). The wrapped wire is essentially a solenoid, and we can use RHRwire is essentially a solenoid, and we can use RHR #2 to find the North end – as in the diagram. The#2 to find the North end – as in the diagram. The ferromagnetic core greatly increases the strength offerromagnetic core greatly increases the strength of the electromagnet in comparison to an air core.the electromagnet in comparison to an air core. Why?Why? Ans. The magnetic field from the coil aligns theThe magnetic field from the coil aligns the domains in the iron. This increases the number ofdomains in the iron. This increases the number of field lines inside the coil which is an increase in thefield lines inside the coil which is an increase in the magnet field strength.magnet field strength.
  • 3. Electromagnetic Design 1. If the current in the coil is doubled, the strength of the magnetic field will also be doubled. 2. If the number of turns on the coil is doubled, the strength of the electromagnet will also be doubled. 3. Using a ferromagnetic core material will greatly increase the strength of the EM. The Nelson 11 (old version) textbook states that the strength can increase by 1000 times! Question: What happens if a non-ferromagnetic material is used for the core? Ans. Non-ferromagnetic materials can not increase the field strength as they do not have domains. It has been found an aluminum core will have no effect and copper actually causes a decrease in field strength (compared to an air core).
  • 4. The Motor Principle The coil, in the diagram, experiences a force which causes a CW rotation. The direction is found by using RHR #____ . Now, consider what happens when the coil turns 900 CW. If the current direction does not change, the top of the coil would experience an ___ward force and the bottom of the coil would experience a ___ ward force. This would cause the rotation to _______ . I I +- U p
  • 5. All direct current (DC) motors have aAll direct current (DC) motors have a split ring commutator which allows the current to reverse direction. This in turnwhich allows the current to reverse direction. This in turn causes the direction of the force on the edges of the coil tocauses the direction of the force on the edges of the coil to also _______ . In doing so, the coil will continuouslyalso _______ . In doing so, the coil will continuously _______ . The_______ . The diagrams above show the typical setup of ashow the typical setup of a small dc motor. The parts of the motor are listed in thesmall dc motor. The parts of the motor are listed in the second diagram:second diagram: brushes, split ring commutator, rotor (or armature), windings (wrapped on an iron core), stator.
  • 6. Practice Questions (Note: Use CW for clockwise and CCW for counter CW when describing observed rotations of a coil or motor armature) Electromagnet Workbook Page 67 (old 61b) #1–5 (right side)Page 67 (old 61b) #1–5 (right side) DC Motor Nelson Textbook Page 571 #1, 2Page 571 #1, 2 Page 584 # 10Page 584 # 10
  • 7. Teacher Notes OnlyTeacher Notes Only Previously used questionsPreviously used questions McGraw-Hill TBMcGraw-Hill TB page 699 #2page 699 #2 Textbook page: 712 # 2-4page: 712 # 2-4 page: 715 # 21, 22page: 715 # 21, 22