The document discusses the concept of development, highlighting that it can vary based on individual goals and societal contexts, using examples from India and personal job decisions. It outlines national development, comparing social welfare metrics across countries, and introduces the Human Development Index (HDI) as a measure of social and economic achievement. It emphasizes sustainability in development, urging efficient resource use and the importance of maintaining ecological balance for future generations.

1. GRADE 10 - SOCIAL SCIENCE
ECONOMICS CHAPTER NO. 1.
DEVELOPMENT
Prepared By: Navya Rai

2. What is Development ?
• The process in which someone or something
grows, progress or changes and becomes more
advance is called development.
Characteristics
of
Development
Different people may
have different
developmental goals
Development for one
may not be the
development for other
People tend to look at
the mix of goals for their
development
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3. Develop-
mental
Goals
Income
Respect
Opport-
unity
Satisfac-
tion
Security
Equal
Treatme-
nt
Freedom
Standard
of Living
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4. Development for one may not be the
development for other
Example :- Government of India is planning for bullet train from
Ahmadabad to Mumbai which is a development for India but not
for the local peoples. Mangrove forest will be totally destroyed
which is not acceptable by the localities and even not appropriate
for the environment.
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5. People tend to look at the mix of goals for
their development
Example:- If you get a job
in a far of place, before
accepting it you would try
to consider many factors
apart from income such as
facilities for your family
working atmosphere or
opportunity to learn .
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6. National Development
• National development refers to the ability of a country
to improve the social welfare of the people.
• For example providing social amenities such as
National
Development
Quality
Education
Potable Water
Infrastructure
Medical Care
Transportation
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7. Comparing Different Countries
• For comparing countries, their income is
consider to be one of the most important
attributes .
• T Total income- not a useful measure ,such
countries have different population.
 √ Average income/per capita income
= Total national income
Total population
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8. Classifying Countries
(Per capita income Criteria – World
Development Reports brought out by World
Bank)
US$ 12736 Per
annum and above
US$1840 Per
annum or more
US$ 1045 Per
annum and lessNavya Rai

9. Human Development Index
• The human development index (HDI) is a
statistical tool used to measure a country’s
overall achievement in its social and economic
dimensions.
• The social and economics dimensions of a
country are based on the health of people,
their level of education attainment and their
standard of living .
• Every year UNDP ranks countries based on
HDI reports released in their annual report.
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10. COMPARATIVE DATA ON HARYANA,KERALA
AND BIHAR
STATE Infant Mortality
Rate (2015-16)
Literacy Rate
% 2011
Net Attendance
Ratio (2013-14)
Haryana
Kerala
Bihar
36
12
42
82
94
62
61
83
43
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11. • Infant Mortality Rate:- The number of children that die
before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children
born in that particular year.
• Literacy Rate: It measures the proportion of literate
population in the seven and above age group.
• Net Attendance Ratio:- It is a total number of children of
age group fourteen and fifteen years attending school as a
percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
• Body Mass Index. (BMI) one way to find out if adults are
undernourished is to calculate Body Mass Index. Divide the
weight of a person (in kg) by the square of the height (in metres).
If this figure is less than 18.5 then the person would be
considered undernourished. If this BMI is more than 25, then a
person is overweight.
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12. Parameters of Human Development Index
(HDI)
Literacy Rate
Infant Mortality Rate
Access to Clean drinking
water
Standard of living
Body mass Index
Life Expectancy
Health Facilities
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13. • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
has used the criterion of Human Development
Index to measure the development of countries.
• HDI is calculated on the basis of:
1. Per capita income : When the total national income
of the country is divided by its population, we get
the per capita income.
2. Life expectancy: It measures the average age of a
person in a country. It helps us to know the health
facilities of the country.
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14. Conti….
3. Health Status : Average number of years that
a person can expect to live in "full health" by
taking into account years lived in less than
full health due to disease and/or injury.
4. Literacy rate: Education is also one of the
most important criteria for the development
of a country.
• For World Bank comparing countries, their
income is considered to be one of the most
important attributes. Countries with higher
income are more developed than others with
less income.
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15. Public Facilities: These
are the services provided
by the government to its
citizens. Some of the
Public Facilities are as
follows
Public
Facilities
Water
Infrastruc-
-ture
Health
Care
Public
Transport
Sanitization
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16. Sustainability of Development
• As more and more development happens, more and
more resources get used up.
• The resources used for development may be
renewable resources or nonrenewable resources .
• We have limited stocks of nonrenewable resources
that are lost forever once used.
• Use of renewable resources like ground water faster
than what nature can restore can lead to their scarcity.
• Sustainable development means the development
which does not harm the environment and the
recent development does not overlook the needs
and requirement of the future generations.
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17. Sustainability of Development
would involve:
• More efficient use of our existing
resources.
• Finding fresh reserves of resources.
• And coming up with innovative ideas and
technology to use new resources in
place of conventional ones.
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18. Thank You
By : Navya Rai