The document provides information about different types of protozoa including their structures and characteristics. It discusses the structures of three protozoa - Amoeba, Euglena, and Paramecium. Amoeba is a unicellular, freshwater organism that feeds through intracellular digestion and absorbs food through its general body surface and pseudopods. Euglena is a single-celled flagellated microorganism that has characteristics of both plants and animals, containing chloroplasts. Paramecium is a free-living, ciliated protozoan commonly found in stagnant freshwater with a slipper-shaped body surrounded by a pellicle.
This is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester I.
For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
1) Strategies and structuresIn Protozoans the method of movement .pdfaptelecom16999
1) Strategies and structures:
In Protozoans the method of movement is determined by the type of organism and the
surrounding environment. Protozoans mainly move by cell extension, flagella or pseudopodia
and cilia, the movement as per the presence of structure can be classified as ciliary, flagellar and
amoeboid movement.
Ciliates : Ciliates form the largest group of protozoa. These organisms vary in size and often live
in watery environments, including oceans, marshes, bays and streams. Ciliates move using tiny
cilia, which are hair-like strands that act as sensors and tiny limbs.
Flagella are longer and less numerous that cilia, they use their long tail like flagella to move.
Amoebas : In these two cytoskeleton get polymerized . This creates a vacancy and cytoplasmice
material flow to cover the vacancy created. When amoeba moves cytoplasm moves to the arm
like extension called pseudopodium. This pseudopodium extends and enlarge and hence this
push the animal body towards that respective direction.
2) A) Flagellates can live as single cells, in colonies, or as parasites.
Commonly live in niche\'s of water.
They conduct photosynthesis and have a cell wall.
They contain flagella for propulsion or to create a current to bring in food.
They can inhabit the reproductive tract, alimentary canal, tissue sites and also the blood stream,
lymph vessels and cerebrospinal canal.
B) Pseudopods : Also called as false feet , are projections that can appear and disappear from the
organism\'s body. These are used for movement and to engulf prey and digest them using
enzymes.
C) Apicomplexa : Unicellular and spore forming, most of them possess a unique form of
organelle that comprises a type of plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure.
They have apicoplast(non photosynthetic plastid) , mitochondria and nuclear genomes.
Lack of cilia, sexual reproduction, use micropores for feeding, and the production of oocysts
containing sporozoites as the infective form.
They have unique gliding capability which enables them to cross through tissues and enter and
leave their host cells. This gliding ability is made possible by the use of adhesions and small
static myosin motors.
3) Key characteristics of fungi :
Fungi are unicellular or multicellular.
Most of the fungi grow as tubular filaments called hyphae
They are haploid.
Fungus are heterotrophs (they can obtain nutrients by absorption) . They absorb food and secrete
enzymes to digest complex molecules
Propogate by spores
Asexual or sexual reproduction
They can be multinucleated
Fungi are achlorophyllous (lack of cholorphyll pigment)
Both Fungi and protists belong to same kingdom but fungi is different from protist, protists are
able to live in an anaerobic environment without oxygen but fungi need aerobic respiration to
survive.
Protists are unicellular but fungi are multicellular. Protists are autotrophic (make their own
energy) and heterotrophic (rely on outside source to get energy), but fungi a.
This is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester I.
For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
1) Strategies and structuresIn Protozoans the method of movement .pdfaptelecom16999
1) Strategies and structures:
In Protozoans the method of movement is determined by the type of organism and the
surrounding environment. Protozoans mainly move by cell extension, flagella or pseudopodia
and cilia, the movement as per the presence of structure can be classified as ciliary, flagellar and
amoeboid movement.
Ciliates : Ciliates form the largest group of protozoa. These organisms vary in size and often live
in watery environments, including oceans, marshes, bays and streams. Ciliates move using tiny
cilia, which are hair-like strands that act as sensors and tiny limbs.
Flagella are longer and less numerous that cilia, they use their long tail like flagella to move.
Amoebas : In these two cytoskeleton get polymerized . This creates a vacancy and cytoplasmice
material flow to cover the vacancy created. When amoeba moves cytoplasm moves to the arm
like extension called pseudopodium. This pseudopodium extends and enlarge and hence this
push the animal body towards that respective direction.
2) A) Flagellates can live as single cells, in colonies, or as parasites.
Commonly live in niche\'s of water.
They conduct photosynthesis and have a cell wall.
They contain flagella for propulsion or to create a current to bring in food.
They can inhabit the reproductive tract, alimentary canal, tissue sites and also the blood stream,
lymph vessels and cerebrospinal canal.
B) Pseudopods : Also called as false feet , are projections that can appear and disappear from the
organism\'s body. These are used for movement and to engulf prey and digest them using
enzymes.
C) Apicomplexa : Unicellular and spore forming, most of them possess a unique form of
organelle that comprises a type of plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure.
They have apicoplast(non photosynthetic plastid) , mitochondria and nuclear genomes.
Lack of cilia, sexual reproduction, use micropores for feeding, and the production of oocysts
containing sporozoites as the infective form.
They have unique gliding capability which enables them to cross through tissues and enter and
leave their host cells. This gliding ability is made possible by the use of adhesions and small
static myosin motors.
3) Key characteristics of fungi :
Fungi are unicellular or multicellular.
Most of the fungi grow as tubular filaments called hyphae
They are haploid.
Fungus are heterotrophs (they can obtain nutrients by absorption) . They absorb food and secrete
enzymes to digest complex molecules
Propogate by spores
Asexual or sexual reproduction
They can be multinucleated
Fungi are achlorophyllous (lack of cholorphyll pigment)
Both Fungi and protists belong to same kingdom but fungi is different from protist, protists are
able to live in an anaerobic environment without oxygen but fungi need aerobic respiration to
survive.
Protists are unicellular but fungi are multicellular. Protists are autotrophic (make their own
energy) and heterotrophic (rely on outside source to get energy), but fungi a.
A presentation for BSC biology semester 1 students. This rich presentation is about major phylum in animal kingdom, each phylum is explained in detail with their general characterstics. Can be used for presenting in college or school, teaching, learning, etc.
Microbiology - Algae
Algae is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades.
Algae are sometimes considered plants and sometimes considered "protists" (a grab-bag category of generally distantly related organisms that are grouped on the basis of not being animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, or archaeans).
Assalam Alikum! here is the presentationn of PHYLUM PORIFERA. prepared to benefit you guys. material in slides is authentic 100%. Once you read the slides you will say ''OMG its soooooooo awesom dude!!''
JazakAllah!!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Structure of Amoeba:
1. Unicellular
2. Freshwater organism
3. Microphagous feeder
4. Intracellular digestion
5. It’s diet includes bacteria, microscopic plants like the diatoms,
minute algae, microscopic animals like other protozoa, nematodes
and even dead organic matter.
6. Amoeba does not have any specialized structure or organ for
the process of nutrition
7. It takes place through the general body surface with the help
of pseudopodia .
The word amoeba comes from a Greek word
meaning “ to change” The amoeba moves by continuously
changing its body shape , forming extensions called
PSEUDOPODES. The pseudopods also are used to surround and
capture food mainly bacteria, algae, etc.
3. structure of Euglena :
1. Euglena is a large genus of unicellular protists they have both plant
and animal characteristics all live in water , and move by flagellum this
is an animal characteristics.
2. They are single celled organisms
3. Euglena, genus of more than 1,000 species of single cell flagellated
(i.e having a whip like appendage )
4. Microorganisms that feature both plant and animal characteristics
5. Found worldwide , Euglena live in fresh and brackish water rich in
organic matter and can also be found in moist soils .
6. Euglena are characterized by an elongated cell 15-500 millimeters
with one nucleus
7. Numerous chlorophyll containing chloroplasts
8. Euglena , genus of more than 1,000 species single celled flagellated
4. Structure of paramecium :
1.Paramecium has a worldwide distribution and is a free-living
organism
2. It usually lives in the stagnant water of pools, lakes , ditches,
ponds,
3. It’s outer body is covered by the tiny hair like structures called
cilia
4. Fresh water , free living , omnipresent and is found in stagnant
water.
5. Body like a slipper with anterior end narrow and rounded and
posterior and pointed.
6. Body is surrounded by a tough and elastic pellicle.
7. Cytoplasm well differenciated into ectoplasm and endoplasm
8. Ectoplasm is having uniform row of trichocysts and longitudinal
rows of myonemes.
9. Sexual reproduction through endomixis , conjugation or
hemimixis and sexual reproduction through binary fission .
6. What are Fungi ?
Fungi are “ not plants”
Defined as a single or multi-celled
eukaryote with heterotrophic ,
absorption nutrition, chitinous cell
walls, and which stores energy as
glycogen.
Or Fungi cannot make their own
food but must grow on their food source
Example: mushrooms, toadstools and
puffballs
7. Characteristics of fungi
Eukaryotic
Non-vascular organisms
All fungi like warm, moist conditions,
Some fungi are unicellular, example yeast( used to make
bread and beer) , while others are multicellular , example
mushrooms.
Most fungi are saprophytes, meaning they live on and digest
dead material, example wood and bread
Other fungi are parasite, meaning they live on and digest
living things example rust on plants and athlete’s foot in
humans
Typically non motile, although a few eg chytrids have a
motile phase
Both sexual and asexual spores may be product depending
on the species and conditions
Fungi are used in medicines, foods, and some industrial
process
8. THERE ARE FOUR DIVISONS OF FUNGI
1. Deuteromycota
2. Zygomycota
3. Ascomycota
4. Basidiomycota