1) Strategies and structures:
In Protozoans the method of movement is determined by the type of organism and the
surrounding environment. Protozoans mainly move by cell extension, flagella or pseudopodia
and cilia, the movement as per the presence of structure can be classified as ciliary, flagellar and
amoeboid movement.
Ciliates : Ciliates form the largest group of protozoa. These organisms vary in size and often live
in watery environments, including oceans, marshes, bays and streams. Ciliates move using tiny
cilia, which are hair-like strands that act as sensors and tiny limbs.
Flagella are longer and less numerous that cilia, they use their long tail like flagella to move.
Amoebas : In these two cytoskeleton get polymerized . This creates a vacancy and cytoplasmice
material flow to cover the vacancy created. When amoeba moves cytoplasm moves to the arm
like extension called pseudopodium. This pseudopodium extends and enlarge and hence this
push the animal body towards that respective direction.
2) A) Flagellates can live as single cells, in colonies, or as parasites.
Commonly live in niche\'s of water.
They conduct photosynthesis and have a cell wall.
They contain flagella for propulsion or to create a current to bring in food.
They can inhabit the reproductive tract, alimentary canal, tissue sites and also the blood stream,
lymph vessels and cerebrospinal canal.
B) Pseudopods : Also called as false feet , are projections that can appear and disappear from the
organism\'s body. These are used for movement and to engulf prey and digest them using
enzymes.
C) Apicomplexa : Unicellular and spore forming, most of them possess a unique form of
organelle that comprises a type of plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure.
They have apicoplast(non photosynthetic plastid) , mitochondria and nuclear genomes.
Lack of cilia, sexual reproduction, use micropores for feeding, and the production of oocysts
containing sporozoites as the infective form.
They have unique gliding capability which enables them to cross through tissues and enter and
leave their host cells. This gliding ability is made possible by the use of adhesions and small
static myosin motors.
3) Key characteristics of fungi :
Fungi are unicellular or multicellular.
Most of the fungi grow as tubular filaments called hyphae
They are haploid.
Fungus are heterotrophs (they can obtain nutrients by absorption) . They absorb food and secrete
enzymes to digest complex molecules
Propogate by spores
Asexual or sexual reproduction
They can be multinucleated
Fungi are achlorophyllous (lack of cholorphyll pigment)
Both Fungi and protists belong to same kingdom but fungi is different from protist, protists are
able to live in an anaerobic environment without oxygen but fungi need aerobic respiration to
survive.
Protists are unicellular but fungi are multicellular. Protists are autotrophic (make their own
energy) and heterotrophic (rely on outside source to get energy), but fungi a.
This presentation includes all the general characteristics of fungi, types, structure of a fungi, classifications, and reproduction. Different types of fungi and its classification, its reproduction are all included.
This presentation includes all the general characteristics of fungi, types, structure of a fungi, classifications, and reproduction. Different types of fungi and its classification, its reproduction are all included.
This comprehensive data resolve the status of pupil IQ by several easiest note and standard reference sources will help to create their better onward environment regarding the National Education Policy 2020 From Karnataka University Dharwad India.
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi.
The word 'myco' is derived from the Greek word mýkēs meaning “mushroom, fungus”.
Heinrich Anton de Bary is the father of Mycology.
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms. These organisms are classified under kingdom fungi.
Fungi are diverse and widespread.
The kingdom Fungi includes a vast variety of organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, and mold, made up of feathery filaments called hyphae (collectively called mycelium). Fungi are multicellular and eukaryotic. They are also heterotrophs, and gain nutrition through absorption.
The presentation covers all the basic aspects of Kingdom Fungi including its salient features, cell wall structure, nutrition, spore forms, and reproduction.
Microbiology - Algae
Algae is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades.
Algae are sometimes considered plants and sometimes considered "protists" (a grab-bag category of generally distantly related organisms that are grouped on the basis of not being animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, or archaeans).
This is a very detailed slide on the topic 'Fungi'. I hope this slide is beneficial to everyone. Also don't forget to 'Like' if u like this slide! Thank you!
THis can be explained easily by using an example.Let consider a sc.pdfaptelecom16999
THis can be explained easily by using an example.
Let consider a scenario where billions of devices are connected through each other (Like mobile
phones, Smart devices, laptops, PC everything ). They are sharing data with each other, Now
assume that the data transfer is just a stream of bit patterns like 1010001....
So we are collecting a very huge data. So first thing comes in our mind to retrive valuable
information from this data. Let this data is labelled as MASSIVE data. Is it possible to take real
time decisions from this MASSIVE data?
Yes it is possible but only when we prefetch valuable information from the MASSIVE data,
Then only this is possible in real time else we need much time to evaluate the decision process.
There are some essential steps before decision Making
1. Data Analytics
2. Semantic Derivation and Knowledge Discovery
So this data analytics is used to process data and then this data is used to derive semantics and
knowledge. After step 2 we can perform real time decision making.
Solution
THis can be explained easily by using an example.
Let consider a scenario where billions of devices are connected through each other (Like mobile
phones, Smart devices, laptops, PC everything ). They are sharing data with each other, Now
assume that the data transfer is just a stream of bit patterns like 1010001....
So we are collecting a very huge data. So first thing comes in our mind to retrive valuable
information from this data. Let this data is labelled as MASSIVE data. Is it possible to take real
time decisions from this MASSIVE data?
Yes it is possible but only when we prefetch valuable information from the MASSIVE data,
Then only this is possible in real time else we need much time to evaluate the decision process.
There are some essential steps before decision Making
1. Data Analytics
2. Semantic Derivation and Knowledge Discovery
So this data analytics is used to process data and then this data is used to derive semantics and
knowledge. After step 2 we can perform real time decision making..
More Related Content
Similar to 1) Strategies and structuresIn Protozoans the method of movement .pdf
This comprehensive data resolve the status of pupil IQ by several easiest note and standard reference sources will help to create their better onward environment regarding the National Education Policy 2020 From Karnataka University Dharwad India.
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi.
The word 'myco' is derived from the Greek word mýkēs meaning “mushroom, fungus”.
Heinrich Anton de Bary is the father of Mycology.
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms. These organisms are classified under kingdom fungi.
Fungi are diverse and widespread.
The kingdom Fungi includes a vast variety of organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, and mold, made up of feathery filaments called hyphae (collectively called mycelium). Fungi are multicellular and eukaryotic. They are also heterotrophs, and gain nutrition through absorption.
The presentation covers all the basic aspects of Kingdom Fungi including its salient features, cell wall structure, nutrition, spore forms, and reproduction.
Microbiology - Algae
Algae is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades.
Algae are sometimes considered plants and sometimes considered "protists" (a grab-bag category of generally distantly related organisms that are grouped on the basis of not being animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, or archaeans).
This is a very detailed slide on the topic 'Fungi'. I hope this slide is beneficial to everyone. Also don't forget to 'Like' if u like this slide! Thank you!
THis can be explained easily by using an example.Let consider a sc.pdfaptelecom16999
THis can be explained easily by using an example.
Let consider a scenario where billions of devices are connected through each other (Like mobile
phones, Smart devices, laptops, PC everything ). They are sharing data with each other, Now
assume that the data transfer is just a stream of bit patterns like 1010001....
So we are collecting a very huge data. So first thing comes in our mind to retrive valuable
information from this data. Let this data is labelled as MASSIVE data. Is it possible to take real
time decisions from this MASSIVE data?
Yes it is possible but only when we prefetch valuable information from the MASSIVE data,
Then only this is possible in real time else we need much time to evaluate the decision process.
There are some essential steps before decision Making
1. Data Analytics
2. Semantic Derivation and Knowledge Discovery
So this data analytics is used to process data and then this data is used to derive semantics and
knowledge. After step 2 we can perform real time decision making.
Solution
THis can be explained easily by using an example.
Let consider a scenario where billions of devices are connected through each other (Like mobile
phones, Smart devices, laptops, PC everything ). They are sharing data with each other, Now
assume that the data transfer is just a stream of bit patterns like 1010001....
So we are collecting a very huge data. So first thing comes in our mind to retrive valuable
information from this data. Let this data is labelled as MASSIVE data. Is it possible to take real
time decisions from this MASSIVE data?
Yes it is possible but only when we prefetch valuable information from the MASSIVE data,
Then only this is possible in real time else we need much time to evaluate the decision process.
There are some essential steps before decision Making
1. Data Analytics
2. Semantic Derivation and Knowledge Discovery
So this data analytics is used to process data and then this data is used to derive semantics and
knowledge. After step 2 we can perform real time decision making..
The equation given is incorrect. The given possible roots give the.pdfaptelecom16999
The equation given is incorrect.
The given possible roots give the equation as
x^4-4x^3-4x^2-24x+15=0
So x^4 +4x^3+6x^2+12x+9 cannot have the given roots.
Solution
The equation given is incorrect.
The given possible roots give the equation as
x^4-4x^3-4x^2-24x+15=0
So x^4 +4x^3+6x^2+12x+9 cannot have the given roots..
Role of gender in health of womenMany of the health challenges dur.pdfaptelecom16999
Role of gender in health of women
Many of the health challenges during the reproductive period are ones that only young girls and
women face.According to a recent publication of WHO complications of pregnancy and
childbirth are the leading cause of death in young women aged between 15 and 19 years old in
developing countries. Other causes of death among women of reproductive age is HIV/ AIDS
and also cervical cancer caused by the infection of Human Pappiloma virus, which affect only
the women. Girls and women are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to a combination
of biological factors and gender-based inequalities, particularly in cultures that limit women’s
knowledge about HIV and their ability to protect themselves and negotiate safer sex. The most
important risk factors for death and disability in this age group in low- and middle-income
countries are lack of contraception and unsafe sex. Violence is an additional significant risk to
women’s sexual and reproductive health and can also result in mental ill-health and other chronic
health problems.
After, the reproductive age one common cause of physical disability is arthritis or gout which
affect the elderly women more than the elderly men. This is most probably because the bones of
women, decay calcium more than that of men.
Role of gender in health of men
The Y chromosome establishes male sexual differentiation and the formation of the testis,
epididymis and accessory sex glands, the prostate and seminal vesicles and the penis. The
disorders of these organs and the variation in the levels of production of the androgens secreted
by the testis define a group of disorders that form the discipline of andrology.These disorders can
impact on males at all ages of their life. In the younger population, disorders of genital
differentiation, testicular cancer, male infertility and sexually transmitted disease are major
issues. In some genetic males, androgen insensitivity resulting from mutations of the androgen
receptor gene can result in external genitalia that cannot be distinguished from normal
female.The occurrence of genital herpes, gonorrhoea, syphilis and HIV constitute a burden of
disease that requires attention in male health policies with a very significant emphasis on
prevention through adequate barrier protection by the use of condoms and effective diagnosis
and prompt treatment of episodes.
Solution
Role of gender in health of women
Many of the health challenges during the reproductive period are ones that only young girls and
women face.According to a recent publication of WHO complications of pregnancy and
childbirth are the leading cause of death in young women aged between 15 and 19 years old in
developing countries. Other causes of death among women of reproductive age is HIV/ AIDS
and also cervical cancer caused by the infection of Human Pappiloma virus, which affect only
the women. Girls and women are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to a combination
of .
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the gen.pdfaptelecom16999
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the
development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of
DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of
blueprints or a recipe, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of
cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic
information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved
in regulating the use of this genetic information.
Chemically, DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with
backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run in
opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of
four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone
that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the
sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into
the related nucleic acid RNA, in a process called transcription.
Within cells, DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes are
duplicated before cells divide, in a process called DNA replication. Eukaryotic organisms
(animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store their DNA inside the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes
(bacteria and archae) it is found in the cell\'s cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin
proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the
interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are
transcribed.
Solution
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the
development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of
DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of
blueprints or a recipe, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of
cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic
information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved
in regulating the use of this genetic information.
Chemically, DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with
backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run in
opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of
four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone
that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the
sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into
the rela.
HBr is a strong acid and will fully dissociate in water. You wil.pdfaptelecom16999
HBr is a strong acid and will fully dissociate in water.
You will find a mixture of H+ and Br- ions in the solution.
Solution
HBr is a strong acid and will fully dissociate in water.
You will find a mixture of H+ and Br- ions in the solution..
e) Cash flow from Assets for 2017cash flow from assets = cash flow.pdfaptelecom16999
e) Cash flow from Assets for 2017
cash flow from assets = cash flow generated from operations + change in working capital + cash
flow from fixed assets
cash flow from operations
Note: Net income = sales (40000) - costs(30000)-depreciation(2000)- interest (400)
Chnage in working capital = change in current assets - change in current liabilities
= 800-200
= $600
Cash flow from fixed assets = change in fixed assets = $3000
Cash flow from assets = 9000 + 600+3000
= $12,600
f) Cash flow to creditors
New debt raised = $4000
Long term debt in 2017 = $3000
cash flow to creditrs = 4000-3000
= $1,000
g) Cash flow to equity holders in 2017 = dividends paid + share repurchased
= 5404 + 1000
= $6,404
h)Net income$7,600Depreciation$2,000increase in current assets-$800increase in current
liabilities$200Cash from operations$9,000
Solution
e) Cash flow from Assets for 2017
cash flow from assets = cash flow generated from operations + change in working capital + cash
flow from fixed assets
cash flow from operations
Note: Net income = sales (40000) - costs(30000)-depreciation(2000)- interest (400)
Chnage in working capital = change in current assets - change in current liabilities
= 800-200
= $600
Cash flow from fixed assets = change in fixed assets = $3000
Cash flow from assets = 9000 + 600+3000
= $12,600
f) Cash flow to creditors
New debt raised = $4000
Long term debt in 2017 = $3000
cash flow to creditrs = 4000-3000
= $1,000
g) Cash flow to equity holders in 2017 = dividends paid + share repurchased
= 5404 + 1000
= $6,404
h)Net income$7,600Depreciation$2,000increase in current assets-$800increase in current
liabilities$200Cash from operations$9,000.
conjugate base substance formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion.pdfaptelecom16999
conjugate base: substance formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion
Conjugate base of HSO4- is SO42-
conjugate acid: substance formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion.
Conjugate acid of HSO4- is H2SO4
Solution
conjugate base: substance formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion
Conjugate base of HSO4- is SO42-
conjugate acid: substance formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion.
Conjugate acid of HSO4- is H2SO4.
cash flow financing activities includes proceeds from selling stock..pdfaptelecom16999
cash flow financing activities includes proceeds from selling stock.Financing activities are the
activities through which capital are raised and pays it back to investors through capital invested
by them.
Solution
cash flow financing activities includes proceeds from selling stock.Financing activities are the
activities through which capital are raised and pays it back to investors through capital invested
by them..
C) interference with biotransformation enzyme activitesReason.pdfaptelecom16999
C) interference with biotransformation enzyme activites
Reason:
The size of the nanoparticle is always in nanoscale 10um to 100nm in which active drug
molecules are coated on the neutral chanrged cyclodextrins such as hydroxyl propyl methyl
cellulose, methylcellulose in the form of liposomoes. These liposomes can have higher affinity
towards the cell membrane negative change and allow the drug molecules to reach the active
target regions. These liposomes (acts as surfactant i.e. both hydrophilic & lipophillic properties)
can release the drug in controlled level of sustained novel drug delivery systems.
Liver biotransformation enzymes are mainly involved in detoxification of foreign materials
which are incompatable to the host body therefore, when nanoparticles are going to interact with
live CYP enzymes finally reduce toxicity of prodrug or liposome based -nanoparticle drug.
Nanoparticles are going to induce toxicity by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) finally
result in oxidative stress due to activation of signaling pathways to cause damage to DNA
1. Pharmaceutical nanoparticle drug delivery in breast cancer chemotherapies include the making
the anticancer drug molecules into the “liposome coated” to make efficient drug delivery with
efficient bioavailability associated with higher penetration rate into the breast cancer cells.
2. For example “making microRNAs to treat the breast cancer” into the liposome formulation as
they can form micelle composed of polymers including methylcellulose, hydroxyl propyl
methylcellulose. These polymers have the capability to incorporate the drug moieties into the
cancer cells in naoscale.
Solution
C) interference with biotransformation enzyme activites
Reason:
The size of the nanoparticle is always in nanoscale 10um to 100nm in which active drug
molecules are coated on the neutral chanrged cyclodextrins such as hydroxyl propyl methyl
cellulose, methylcellulose in the form of liposomoes. These liposomes can have higher affinity
towards the cell membrane negative change and allow the drug molecules to reach the active
target regions. These liposomes (acts as surfactant i.e. both hydrophilic & lipophillic properties)
can release the drug in controlled level of sustained novel drug delivery systems.
Liver biotransformation enzymes are mainly involved in detoxification of foreign materials
which are incompatable to the host body therefore, when nanoparticles are going to interact with
live CYP enzymes finally reduce toxicity of prodrug or liposome based -nanoparticle drug.
Nanoparticles are going to induce toxicity by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) finally
result in oxidative stress due to activation of signaling pathways to cause damage to DNA
1. Pharmaceutical nanoparticle drug delivery in breast cancer chemotherapies include the making
the anticancer drug molecules into the “liposome coated” to make efficient drug delivery with
efficient bioavailability associated with higher penetration rate i.
As per section 10.29(a) of Treasury Circular 230 a conflict of inter.pdfaptelecom16999
As per section 10.29(a) of Treasury Circular 230 a conflict of interest exists if – (i)
representation of one party by the tax preparer will affect any other party adversely (ii) the tax
preparer’s responsibility to another client will materially limit representation of one or more
parties.
However in case of conflict of interest a tax preparer can represent a party or a client provided
that each affected client or party waives the conflict and gives and informed and written consent
to the representation. Law requires the tax preparer to obtain the written consent within a
reasonable period of time but it should be no longer than 30 days after the conflict has come to
the knowledge of the tax preparer.
Solution
As per section 10.29(a) of Treasury Circular 230 a conflict of interest exists if – (i)
representation of one party by the tax preparer will affect any other party adversely (ii) the tax
preparer’s responsibility to another client will materially limit representation of one or more
parties.
However in case of conflict of interest a tax preparer can represent a party or a client provided
that each affected client or party waives the conflict and gives and informed and written consent
to the representation. Law requires the tax preparer to obtain the written consent within a
reasonable period of time but it should be no longer than 30 days after the conflict has come to
the knowledge of the tax preparer..
AnswerGenerally chromosome reduction occurs during formation of ga.pdfaptelecom16999
Answer
Generally chromosome reduction occurs during formation of gametes. The gametes are haploid
as they are produced from diploid parent by meiosis.
If the reduction doesn\'t occur, the ploidy of organism that is produced by sexually reproduction
will be increased. The ploidy may be come tetraploid or hexaploid or polyploid. These polyploid
organisms are mostly sterile.
Ex.
The gametes produced from diploid parents are also diploid due to the absence of reduction. If
the two diploid gametes fuse, it develops into tetraploid organism. It may or may not alive. Even
if it is alive, the tetraploid organism will be sterile.
Solution
Answer
Generally chromosome reduction occurs during formation of gametes. The gametes are haploid
as they are produced from diploid parent by meiosis.
If the reduction doesn\'t occur, the ploidy of organism that is produced by sexually reproduction
will be increased. The ploidy may be come tetraploid or hexaploid or polyploid. These polyploid
organisms are mostly sterile.
Ex.
The gametes produced from diploid parents are also diploid due to the absence of reduction. If
the two diploid gametes fuse, it develops into tetraploid organism. It may or may not alive. Even
if it is alive, the tetraploid organism will be sterile..
AnsFalseExplantionIn a communication diagram, a(n) sequence .pdfaptelecom16999
Ans:
False
Explantion:
In a communication diagram, a(n) sequence number is not indicates the order of the messages
Solution
Ans:
False
Explantion:
In a communication diagram, a(n) sequence number is not indicates the order of the messages.
a. less severe immunophenotypeb. strong growth increase of strain..pdfaptelecom16999
a. less severe immunophenotype
b. strong growth increase of strain.
c. results in a non-chemotactic cells that incessantly tumble.
d. mediates aerotactic migration on media.
Solution
a. less severe immunophenotype
b. strong growth increase of strain.
c. results in a non-chemotactic cells that incessantly tumble.
d. mediates aerotactic migration on media..
a)They offer defined benefit retirement pension plans to certain e.pdfaptelecom16999
a)
They offer defined benefit retirement pension plans to certain employees. These benefits relate
primarily to local plans outside the U.S. and, to a lesser extent, plans assumed in previous
acquisitions covering U.S. employees.
They also provide certain other retiree benefits, primarily health care and life insurance, for the
majority of our U.S. employees who become eligible for these benefits when they meet
minimum age and service requirements. Generally, the health care plans require cost sharing
with retirees and pay a stated percentage of expenses, reduced by deductibles and other
coverages. These benefits are primarily funded by ESOP Series B shares and certain other assets
contributed by the Company.
b) Total global defined contribution expense was $347, $344 and $364 in 2011, 2010 and 2009,
respectively.The primary U.S. defined contribution plan comprises the majority of the balances
and expense for the Company’s defined contribution plans. For the U.S. DC plan, the
contribution rate is set annually. Total contributions for this plan approximated 15% of total
participants’ annual wages and salaries in 2011, 2010 and 2009.
c) Their investment objective for defined benefit retirement plan assets is to meet the plan\'s
benefit obligations, while minimizing the potential for future required Company plan
contributions. The investment strategies focus on asset class diversification, liquidity to meet
benefit payments and an appropriate balance of long-term investment return and risk. Target
ranges for asset allocations are determined by matching the actuarial projections of the plan\'s
future liabilities and benefit payments with expected long-term rates of return on the assets,
taking into account investment return volatility and correlations across asset classes. Plan assets
are diversified across several investment managers and are generally invested in liquid funds that
are selected to track broad market equity and bond indices. Investment risk is carefully
controlled with plan assets rebalanced to target allocations on a periodic basis and continual
monitoring of investment manager\'s performance relative to the investment guidelines
established with each investment manager.
Several factors are considered in developing the estimate for the longterm expected rate of return
on plan assets. For the defi ned benefi t retirement plans, these factors include historical rates of
return of broad equity and bond indices and projected long-term rates of return obtained from
pension investment consultants. The expected longterm rates of return for plan assets are 8–9%
for equities and 5–6% for bonds. For other retiree benefit plans, the expected long-term rate of
return reflects the fact that the assets are comprised primarily of Company stock. The expected
rate of return on Company stock is based on the long-term projected return of 9.5% and reflects
the historical pattern of favorable returns.
Solution
a)
They offer defined benefit retirement.
Not at all. Most coloured salts contain transitio.pdfaptelecom16999
Not at all. Most coloured salts contain transition metals or heavy p-block elements,
but even the largest alkali metal ions give colourless salts. It depends on electron distribution in
the ions, not how large they are.
Solution
Not at all. Most coloured salts contain transition metals or heavy p-block elements,
but even the largest alkali metal ions give colourless salts. It depends on electron distribution in
the ions, not how large they are..
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1) Strategies and structuresIn Protozoans the method of movement .pdf
1. 1) Strategies and structures:
In Protozoans the method of movement is determined by the type of organism and the
surrounding environment. Protozoans mainly move by cell extension, flagella or pseudopodia
and cilia, the movement as per the presence of structure can be classified as ciliary, flagellar and
amoeboid movement.
Ciliates : Ciliates form the largest group of protozoa. These organisms vary in size and often live
in watery environments, including oceans, marshes, bays and streams. Ciliates move using tiny
cilia, which are hair-like strands that act as sensors and tiny limbs.
Flagella are longer and less numerous that cilia, they use their long tail like flagella to move.
Amoebas : In these two cytoskeleton get polymerized . This creates a vacancy and cytoplasmice
material flow to cover the vacancy created. When amoeba moves cytoplasm moves to the arm
like extension called pseudopodium. This pseudopodium extends and enlarge and hence this
push the animal body towards that respective direction.
2) A) Flagellates can live as single cells, in colonies, or as parasites.
Commonly live in niche's of water.
They conduct photosynthesis and have a cell wall.
They contain flagella for propulsion or to create a current to bring in food.
They can inhabit the reproductive tract, alimentary canal, tissue sites and also the blood stream,
lymph vessels and cerebrospinal canal.
B) Pseudopods : Also called as false feet , are projections that can appear and disappear from the
organism's body. These are used for movement and to engulf prey and digest them using
enzymes.
C) Apicomplexa : Unicellular and spore forming, most of them possess a unique form of
organelle that comprises a type of plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure.
They have apicoplast(non photosynthetic plastid) , mitochondria and nuclear genomes.
Lack of cilia, sexual reproduction, use micropores for feeding, and the production of oocysts
containing sporozoites as the infective form.
They have unique gliding capability which enables them to cross through tissues and enter and
leave their host cells. This gliding ability is made possible by the use of adhesions and small
static myosin motors.
3) Key characteristics of fungi :
Fungi are unicellular or multicellular.
Most of the fungi grow as tubular filaments called hyphae
They are haploid.
Fungus are heterotrophs (they can obtain nutrients by absorption) . They absorb food and secrete
2. enzymes to digest complex molecules
Propogate by spores
Asexual or sexual reproduction
They can be multinucleated
Fungi are achlorophyllous (lack of cholorphyll pigment)
Both Fungi and protists belong to same kingdom but fungi is different from protist, protists are
able to live in an anaerobic environment without oxygen but fungi need aerobic respiration to
survive.
Protists are unicellular but fungi are multicellular. Protists are autotrophic (make their own
energy) and heterotrophic (rely on outside source to get energy), but fungi are closely related to
heterotrophs. Fungi consume dead or composing material thus making them saprophytes. Fungi
can be autotrophic , heterotrophic and saprotrophic. Fungi reproduce sexually by producing
spores but protists reproduce by asexually.
4) Physiology :
a. Nutrition. Most fungi contain complex enzymes and other chemical substances which, when
diffused into the host, break down the complex substances available wood, vegetation, leather,
bread, and so forth into simpler substances that can be used for food. The chemical products of
digestion are, therefore, completed outside of the organism, and the fungus absorbs the end
products.
b. Reproduction: Fungi reproduce sexually or asexually, or both, depending upon the species
and the environmental conditions. Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. Those that
produce only asexual spores are known as Deuteromycetes Fungi imperfecti. The yeasts
reproduce both by spores and by a process known as budding, which is similar to binary fission.
The yeast cell forms a small knoblike protrusion, or bud, that separates from the mother cell and
grows until it reaches full size, at which time the process is repeated.
c. Growth. Fungi grow well under the same conditions that favor the growth of bactera. Due to
this reason that fungal infections pose a serious problem to troops in the tropics. As the
temperature decreases, fungal activity also decreases; however, the spores are very resistant to
cold, some surviving freezing temperatures for long periods of time. On the other hand, fungi are
easily killed at high temperatures.
Structure of fungi
Microscopic structures : Fungi grow as hyphae, which are cylindrical, thread like structure.
Hyphae mainly grow in tips , new hyphae grow at their tips called apices and process called
branching. The combination of apical growth and branching leads to the development of a
mycelium, an interconnected network of hyphae. Hyphae can be either septate . Septate hyphae
are divided into compartments separated by cross walls (internal cell walls, called septa, that are
3. formed at right angles to the cell wall giving the hypha its shape), with each compartment
containing one or more nuclei . Septa have pores that allow cytoplasm, organelles, and
sometimes nuclei to pass through.
Macroscopic structures
A cluster of large, thick-stem, light-brown gilled mushrooms growing at the base of a tree.
These are visible to the naked eye can been seen in on various surfaces such as damp walls and
spoiled food, they are called molds. Mycelia grown on solid agar media in laboratory petri dishes
are usually referred to as colonies. These colonies can exhibit growth shapes and colors (due to
spores or pigmentation) that can be used as diagnostic features in the identification of species or
groups.
The apothecium—a specialized structure important in sexual reproduction in the
ascomycetes—is a cup-shaped fruit body that holds the hymenium, a layer of tissue containing
the spore-bearing cells. The fruit bodies of the basidiomycetes (basidiocarps) and some
ascomycetes can sometimes grow very large, and many are well known as mushrooms.
Symbiosis: Fungi have evolved numerous symbioses involving diverse eukaryotes and
prokaryotes. When two species live close together and form a relationship, it is called symbiosis.
Symbiosis can be beneficial to one or both organisms, or sometimes one organism hurts the
other. Some of the partners in these relationships include plants, algae, insects and other animals,
and even humans. If fungi is not there many plants would go hungry. In the soil, fungi grow
closely around the roots of plants, and they begin to help each other. The plant roots together
with the special root-dwelling fungi are called mycorrhizae . Plants and fungi form a close
relationship, the plant and the fungus feed one another. The plant provides sugars to the fungus
that the plant makes through photosynthesis, which the fungus cannot do. The fungus then
provides minerals and water to the roots of the plant. Since the plant and the fungus are helping
each other out, this is a mutualistic relationship, a type of symbiosis known as mutualism. In this
relationship both organisms benefit.
Mycorrhizae: Is the symbiotic Relationship between Fungi and Roots.
Solution
1) Strategies and structures:
In Protozoans the method of movement is determined by the type of organism and the
surrounding environment. Protozoans mainly move by cell extension, flagella or pseudopodia
and cilia, the movement as per the presence of structure can be classified as ciliary, flagellar and
amoeboid movement.
Ciliates : Ciliates form the largest group of protozoa. These organisms vary in size and often live
4. in watery environments, including oceans, marshes, bays and streams. Ciliates move using tiny
cilia, which are hair-like strands that act as sensors and tiny limbs.
Flagella are longer and less numerous that cilia, they use their long tail like flagella to move.
Amoebas : In these two cytoskeleton get polymerized . This creates a vacancy and cytoplasmice
material flow to cover the vacancy created. When amoeba moves cytoplasm moves to the arm
like extension called pseudopodium. This pseudopodium extends and enlarge and hence this
push the animal body towards that respective direction.
2) A) Flagellates can live as single cells, in colonies, or as parasites.
Commonly live in niche's of water.
They conduct photosynthesis and have a cell wall.
They contain flagella for propulsion or to create a current to bring in food.
They can inhabit the reproductive tract, alimentary canal, tissue sites and also the blood stream,
lymph vessels and cerebrospinal canal.
B) Pseudopods : Also called as false feet , are projections that can appear and disappear from the
organism's body. These are used for movement and to engulf prey and digest them using
enzymes.
C) Apicomplexa : Unicellular and spore forming, most of them possess a unique form of
organelle that comprises a type of plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure.
They have apicoplast(non photosynthetic plastid) , mitochondria and nuclear genomes.
Lack of cilia, sexual reproduction, use micropores for feeding, and the production of oocysts
containing sporozoites as the infective form.
They have unique gliding capability which enables them to cross through tissues and enter and
leave their host cells. This gliding ability is made possible by the use of adhesions and small
static myosin motors.
3) Key characteristics of fungi :
Fungi are unicellular or multicellular.
Most of the fungi grow as tubular filaments called hyphae
They are haploid.
Fungus are heterotrophs (they can obtain nutrients by absorption) . They absorb food and secrete
enzymes to digest complex molecules
Propogate by spores
Asexual or sexual reproduction
They can be multinucleated
Fungi are achlorophyllous (lack of cholorphyll pigment)
Both Fungi and protists belong to same kingdom but fungi is different from protist, protists are
able to live in an anaerobic environment without oxygen but fungi need aerobic respiration to
5. survive.
Protists are unicellular but fungi are multicellular. Protists are autotrophic (make their own
energy) and heterotrophic (rely on outside source to get energy), but fungi are closely related to
heterotrophs. Fungi consume dead or composing material thus making them saprophytes. Fungi
can be autotrophic , heterotrophic and saprotrophic. Fungi reproduce sexually by producing
spores but protists reproduce by asexually.
4) Physiology :
a. Nutrition. Most fungi contain complex enzymes and other chemical substances which, when
diffused into the host, break down the complex substances available wood, vegetation, leather,
bread, and so forth into simpler substances that can be used for food. The chemical products of
digestion are, therefore, completed outside of the organism, and the fungus absorbs the end
products.
b. Reproduction: Fungi reproduce sexually or asexually, or both, depending upon the species
and the environmental conditions. Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. Those that
produce only asexual spores are known as Deuteromycetes Fungi imperfecti. The yeasts
reproduce both by spores and by a process known as budding, which is similar to binary fission.
The yeast cell forms a small knoblike protrusion, or bud, that separates from the mother cell and
grows until it reaches full size, at which time the process is repeated.
c. Growth. Fungi grow well under the same conditions that favor the growth of bactera. Due to
this reason that fungal infections pose a serious problem to troops in the tropics. As the
temperature decreases, fungal activity also decreases; however, the spores are very resistant to
cold, some surviving freezing temperatures for long periods of time. On the other hand, fungi are
easily killed at high temperatures.
Structure of fungi
Microscopic structures : Fungi grow as hyphae, which are cylindrical, thread like structure.
Hyphae mainly grow in tips , new hyphae grow at their tips called apices and process called
branching. The combination of apical growth and branching leads to the development of a
mycelium, an interconnected network of hyphae. Hyphae can be either septate . Septate hyphae
are divided into compartments separated by cross walls (internal cell walls, called septa, that are
formed at right angles to the cell wall giving the hypha its shape), with each compartment
containing one or more nuclei . Septa have pores that allow cytoplasm, organelles, and
sometimes nuclei to pass through.
Macroscopic structures
A cluster of large, thick-stem, light-brown gilled mushrooms growing at the base of a tree.
These are visible to the naked eye can been seen in on various surfaces such as damp walls and
spoiled food, they are called molds. Mycelia grown on solid agar media in laboratory petri dishes
6. are usually referred to as colonies. These colonies can exhibit growth shapes and colors (due to
spores or pigmentation) that can be used as diagnostic features in the identification of species or
groups.
The apothecium—a specialized structure important in sexual reproduction in the
ascomycetes—is a cup-shaped fruit body that holds the hymenium, a layer of tissue containing
the spore-bearing cells. The fruit bodies of the basidiomycetes (basidiocarps) and some
ascomycetes can sometimes grow very large, and many are well known as mushrooms.
Symbiosis: Fungi have evolved numerous symbioses involving diverse eukaryotes and
prokaryotes. When two species live close together and form a relationship, it is called symbiosis.
Symbiosis can be beneficial to one or both organisms, or sometimes one organism hurts the
other. Some of the partners in these relationships include plants, algae, insects and other animals,
and even humans. If fungi is not there many plants would go hungry. In the soil, fungi grow
closely around the roots of plants, and they begin to help each other. The plant roots together
with the special root-dwelling fungi are called mycorrhizae . Plants and fungi form a close
relationship, the plant and the fungus feed one another. The plant provides sugars to the fungus
that the plant makes through photosynthesis, which the fungus cannot do. The fungus then
provides minerals and water to the roots of the plant. Since the plant and the fungus are helping
each other out, this is a mutualistic relationship, a type of symbiosis known as mutualism. In this
relationship both organisms benefit.
Mycorrhizae: Is the symbiotic Relationship between Fungi and Roots.