This document defines key terms related to government, politics, and society. It explains concepts like democracy, monarchy, and dictatorship as different forms of government. It also outlines economic ideas such as capitalism, socialism, and communism. Additionally, it defines related terms such as president, constitution, law, rights, and welfare that are important for understanding how societies and governments function.

1. Society (Noun)
• A group of people living with order.
• “A city contains a complex society.”

2. Government (Noun)
• A group of people who manage a society.
• “A government must be responsible for its
people.”

3. President (Noun)
• The leader of a republic.
• “Who is the President in your country?”

4. Law (Noun)
• A system of rules used by a government to
manage its members.
• “Do you follow the law?”

5. Right (Noun)
• The permission to have something or act
in a certain way.
• “Do you know your rights?”

6. Justice (Noun)
• Fair treatment of a person or object by
another person or object.
• “Use justice in this situation.”

7. Court (Noun)
• A place where cases are settled by a judge.
• “A court is where we resolve problems.”

8. Welfare (Noun)
• The happiness, health, and wealth of a
person or society.
• “Is the welfare of the people high in your
country?”

9. Security (Noun)
• A situation with no danger or threat.
• “Is the security high in your country?”

10. Constitution (Noun)
• A set of laws that govern a society.
• “I am familiar with our constitution.”

11. Enforce (Verb)
• To make sure a law is followed through the
use of force.
• “The law is strictly enforced here.”

12. Elect (Verb) / Election (Noun)
• Elect: To choose a person or group to lead
your society.
• Election: The process of choosing a new
leader.
• “Elect only the best candidates in every
election!”

13. Vote (Noun & Verb)
• Noun: A choice between two or more
candidates in an election.
• Verb: To make a choice during an election.
• “Who did you vote for when you voted?”

14. Supreme (Adjective)
• To be higher in rank, status, or quality than others.
• “The power of a dictator is supreme.”

15. Parliament (Noun)
• A group of people who make and change
laws.
• “Write to your parliament about this law.”

16. Hereditary (Adjective)
• When something is passed down from a
parent or a previous generation.
• “Our physical features are hereditary.”

17. Hereditary Monarchy (Noun)
• A type of government where someone
becomes king or queen because they are
related to the previous one.
• “The United Kingdom uses a hereditary
monarchy within the royal family.”

18. Constitutional Monarchy (Noun)
• A type of government with a king or queen who
cannot make laws.
• “Thailand has a constitutional monarchy.”

19. Clergy (Noun)
• The group of people who perform religious
services.
• “Priests and bishops are members of the
clergy.”

20. Religious (Adjective) / Religion (Noun)
• Religious: to be related to or believe in a
religion.
• Religion: the belief or worship of a higher
power.
• “I am a religious person because I have a
religion.”

21. Transitional (Adjective)
• A temporary structure needed before using
something more permanent.
• “Iraq used a transitional government to have
some control after their war.”

22. Democracy (Noun)
• A type of government where leader(s) of a
society are chosen by its people.
• “The Philippines practices a democracy.”

23. Communism (Noun)
• A type of government with no social
classes and goods and services are
available to all.
• “The hammer and sickle are associated with
communism.”

24. Socialism (Noun)
• A type of society where the goods and
services are controlled by people.
• “A world with proper socialism sounds nice to
live in.”

25. Absolute power (Noun)
• The ability to act independently and
without limits.
• “The king ruled with absolute power.”

26. Authoritarianism (Noun)
• A type of government where a leader has
complete control over all the people.
• “North Korea rules its people with
authoritarianism.”

27. Theocracy (Noun)
• A type of government where the clergy
rules.
• “Would you want to be under a theocracy?”

28. Dictator / Dictatorship (Nouns)
• Dictator: A leader who rules over a society
with complete control and force.
• Dictatorship: A type of government ruled
by a dictator.
• “Kim Jong-un is a dictator who governs North
Korea with a dictatorship.”

29. Capitalism (Noun)
• A type of structure where goods and
services are controlled by private owners to
earn money.
• “Most countries in the world use capitalism
to achieve their goals.”

30. Totalitarian (Adjective)
• To be about a type of government that is
under a dictator or dictatorship.
• “Would you want to live in a totalitarian
society?”

31. Autocracy (Noun)
• A type of government with one leader who
rules over everything.
• “Germany was an autocracy under Adolf
Hitler during World War II.”

32. Fascism (Noun)
• A type of government where the leader requires
extreme obedience and nationalism.
• “Benito Mussolini started fascism in Italy during
World War I.”

33. Exercise control (Verb)
• To order someone to do something because
they are under your control.
• “The dictator exercised control over his
people.”

34. Stable / Unstable (Adjective)
• Stable: When something is secure.
• Unstable: When something is not secure.
• “I prefer a stable government to an unstable
one.”

35. Economy (Noun)
• The wealth and resources of a society.
• “China has a large economy.”

36. Produce (Verb) / Production (Noun)
• Produce: To make something from materials.
• Production: The process of making products
from materials.
• “The production of steak uses cows to produce the
meat.”

37. Distribute (Verb) / Distribution (Noun)
• Distribute: To spread or share something
over space or between people.
• Distribution: The way something is spread
or shared.
• “To have an even distribution, we must
distribute to all the areas.”

38. Consume (Verb) / Consumption (Noun)
• Consume: To buy or use something.
• Consumption: The use of a resource.
• “Our consumption was very high, we cannot
consume any more.”

39. Business (Noun)
• An organization or person that buys or
sells products.
• “Do your parents have a business?”

40. Equal / Unequal (Adjectives)
Inequality (Noun)
• Equal: To be the same in value.
• Unequal: To not be the same in value.
• Inequality: The difference in value.
• “When an equal state becomes unequal,
there is an inequality present.”

41. Benefit (Noun)
• An advantage that is gained from something.
• “Studying in an international school has many
benefits.”

42. Tax (Noun)
• Money needed by the government for its
services.
• “Where do our taxes go?”

43. Profit (Noun)
• Money that is earned/made.
• “Did you have a profit?”

44. Prime Minister
• The head of the government in democracy.
• “Who is the prime minister in your country?”

45. Property (Noun)
• A thing belonging to someone; a thing
someone owns
• “He is very rich. He has a lot of property.”