The document provides an overview of architecture from antiquity through the Gothic period. It discusses ancient architectures like the Ziggurats of Mesopotamia, Great Pyramids of Giza, Parthenon, temples in Greece, buildings in Rome such as the Colosseum and Pantheon, and aqueducts. It also introduces Byzantine and Romanesque architecture that followed the fall of Rome. Key ancient structures and their histories are summarized with examples of architectural styles and building materials from different time periods and locations.
Roman architecture evolved from Etruscan and Greek influences, developing new techniques like the arch, vault and concrete that allowed for larger structures. Some key examples include the Pont du Gard aqueduct, the Colosseum which could seat 50,000, and the Pantheon's monumental dome. Public architecture and facilities like baths and forums reinforced imperial power and provided entertainment for citizens.
The document summarizes Roman architecture from the Republican period through the Late Empire. During the Early and High Empire periods (27 BCE - 192 CE), Roman architecture advanced with developments like concrete construction, which allowed grand vaulted spaces and domes. Iconic buildings from this era included the Pantheon with its record-breaking concrete dome, as well as amphitheaters like the Colosseum in Rome. Aqueduct engineering also flourished as the Romans built bridges and channels to carry water over long distances. Monumental arches like the Arch of Titus commemorated imperial accomplishments.
St Denis Cathedral, Paris is one of the most important building in the history of architecture. It was here that the Gothic style of architecture was first invented. Historically, it is also the historic burial place of the French monarchy.
The document provides information on English Renaissance architecture. It was introduced during the reign of Elizabeth I through influences from the Netherlands. The first major proponent was Inigo Jones who studied in Italy and brought Palladian styles to England. Examples given include the Queen's House and Banqueting House. English Renaissance is then divided into four periods - Elizabethan, Jacobean, Anglo-Classic/Baroque, and Georgian. Specific architects like Inigo Jones, Christopher Wren, and Robert Adam are discussed. Key buildings from each period are also summarized like Hardwick Hall, Charlton House, St. Paul's Cathedral, and the Banqueting House.
Roman architecture : Elements and innovations.jainvijaya
Hey! i am an architecture student. This presentation i made was for a college submission. Hope it works out for you. All the best. And don't forget to like it...!!!
Roman architecture was heavily influenced by earlier Etruscan and Greek styles, but the Romans also innovated, particularly with the use of concrete and arched structures like aqueducts. They developed standardized city plans with gridded streets and public forums. Important building types included basilicas, which served civic and religious functions, and temples which often had colonnaded porches and cellas. The Pantheon featured the innovative use of a dome structure. Aqueducts brought water into cities using arches to support elevated stone channels.
Early Greek architecture originated from wood construction but transitioned to stone by the 6th century BC while retaining wooden design elements. The three classical orders of Greek architecture - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - are defined by their column capitals and other distinguishing features. Greek temples generally followed set forms and served as homes for the community's gods, with outdoor ceremonies, and included a naos, pronaos, columns, entablature, and pediment. The Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis was the pinnacle of classical Greek architecture, known for its refined proportions and sculptural details. Greek architectural forms had a lasting influence adopted by later cultures like the Romans and remain integral to architecture worldwide.
Roman architecture evolved from Etruscan and Greek influences, developing new techniques like the arch, vault and concrete that allowed for larger structures. Some key examples include the Pont du Gard aqueduct, the Colosseum which could seat 50,000, and the Pantheon's monumental dome. Public architecture and facilities like baths and forums reinforced imperial power and provided entertainment for citizens.
The document summarizes Roman architecture from the Republican period through the Late Empire. During the Early and High Empire periods (27 BCE - 192 CE), Roman architecture advanced with developments like concrete construction, which allowed grand vaulted spaces and domes. Iconic buildings from this era included the Pantheon with its record-breaking concrete dome, as well as amphitheaters like the Colosseum in Rome. Aqueduct engineering also flourished as the Romans built bridges and channels to carry water over long distances. Monumental arches like the Arch of Titus commemorated imperial accomplishments.
St Denis Cathedral, Paris is one of the most important building in the history of architecture. It was here that the Gothic style of architecture was first invented. Historically, it is also the historic burial place of the French monarchy.
The document provides information on English Renaissance architecture. It was introduced during the reign of Elizabeth I through influences from the Netherlands. The first major proponent was Inigo Jones who studied in Italy and brought Palladian styles to England. Examples given include the Queen's House and Banqueting House. English Renaissance is then divided into four periods - Elizabethan, Jacobean, Anglo-Classic/Baroque, and Georgian. Specific architects like Inigo Jones, Christopher Wren, and Robert Adam are discussed. Key buildings from each period are also summarized like Hardwick Hall, Charlton House, St. Paul's Cathedral, and the Banqueting House.
Roman architecture : Elements and innovations.jainvijaya
Hey! i am an architecture student. This presentation i made was for a college submission. Hope it works out for you. All the best. And don't forget to like it...!!!
Roman architecture was heavily influenced by earlier Etruscan and Greek styles, but the Romans also innovated, particularly with the use of concrete and arched structures like aqueducts. They developed standardized city plans with gridded streets and public forums. Important building types included basilicas, which served civic and religious functions, and temples which often had colonnaded porches and cellas. The Pantheon featured the innovative use of a dome structure. Aqueducts brought water into cities using arches to support elevated stone channels.
Early Greek architecture originated from wood construction but transitioned to stone by the 6th century BC while retaining wooden design elements. The three classical orders of Greek architecture - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - are defined by their column capitals and other distinguishing features. Greek temples generally followed set forms and served as homes for the community's gods, with outdoor ceremonies, and included a naos, pronaos, columns, entablature, and pediment. The Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis was the pinnacle of classical Greek architecture, known for its refined proportions and sculptural details. Greek architectural forms had a lasting influence adopted by later cultures like the Romans and remain integral to architecture worldwide.
The Pantheon in Rome is one of the oldest and most well-preserved ancient structures still standing today. Originally built as a temple to honor all gods in 27 BC, it was later reconstructed under Emperor Hadrian in 125 AD and converted to a Catholic church in 608 AD. The Pantheon's most distinctive feature is its large oculus opening at the top of the dome, which at nearly 30 feet in diameter was the building's only source of light. Though originally used as a pagan temple, it continues to serve as a Roman Catholic church and is still an iconic landmark attracting many visitors to Rome.
Roman architecture was influenced by earlier Italian, Etruscan, and Greek cultures. It was practical and utilitarian, emphasizing public works, monumentality, and technical advances to showcase Roman power. Some key characteristics included an emphasis on interior space, combining beauty with utility, and integrating buildings into the urban landscape. Common building materials included stone, concrete, and brick in various construction techniques. Roman towns were planned around cardo and decumanus streets, with forums and infrastructure like aqueducts and roads supporting communities across the empire. Architectural styles included temples, basilicas, baths, theaters, amphitheaters, and domestic structures ranging from insulae to villas.
La Acrópolis de Atenas es un sitio arqueológico ubicado en una colina de Atenas, Grecia que data del 450 a.C. Contiene importantes monumentos de la época clásica como el Partenón, el Erecteión, el Templo de Atenea Niké y los Propileos. Fue construida en honor a la diosa Atenea y servía como sede administrativa, cultural, militar y religiosa de la antigua Atenas. Actualmente es uno de los principales atracciones turísticas de Grecia y patri
The document provides an overview of Roman architecture and design from 117 AD to the 4th century AD. It discusses the Roman Empire and use of Latin as the dominant language. It then covers various aspects of Roman architecture such as building typology (e.g. basilicas, theaters), materials used (e.g. concrete, tiles), orders (Tuscan, Composite), structures (e.g. aqueducts, forums), and interior designs (e.g. mosaics, wall paintings). The document concludes with descriptions of important sites like the Colosseum in Rome.
The document provides an overview of the influences on the development of Greek architecture including geographical, geological, climatic, religious, social, political, and historical factors. Geographically, Greece is surrounded by seas which influenced trade and ideas. Geologically, Greece had high quality marble which was well-suited for architecture. Religiously, the ancient Greeks worshipped many gods and built temples to honor them. Politically, forms of government in Greece ranged from monarchies to oligarchies and democracies over time. Historically, Greek architecture developed from the Aegean period through the Hellenistic period, with structures becoming more refined and symmetrical.
The document provides an overview of early Christian architecture from approximately 300-600 AD. It discusses the influences of declining Rome, military strongholds, castles, and monasteries. Early Christian architecture in Rome was influenced by existing Roman styles but adapted based on geographical location. Churches were modeled after Roman basilicas and often reused materials from pagan temples. Typical features included a nave with side aisles, an entrance hall or narthex, and an apse where the bishop's throne and altar were located.
Ancient Greek architecture developed between 900 BC to 1st century AD and was influenced by earlier civilizations like Egypt. The Greeks used post-lintel construction and three classical orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Temples were the main buildings and were used for religious purposes to show power. Other structures included houses, theaters, and markets. Materials included bricks, stone, wood and marble. Architecture progressed through Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods, with innovations like stone temples and complex theater designs in the Archaic and Classical eras.
Byzantine furniture retained some classical forms like chairs and tables. Materials included wood, metal, ivory, and were sometimes decorated with gold, silver, or jewels. Thrones in particular were elaborately decorated to signify the status of the ruler. While few pieces survive, illustrations show seating often included cushions, and some furniture was draped with fabrics.
History of Architecture- Renaissance ArchitectureVyshnaviMajety
Renaissance architecture originated in 15th century Florence and reflected a revival of classical Greco-Roman forms and principles of proportion. Filippo Brunelleschi is considered the first Renaissance architect. Renaissance architecture is often divided into three phases - the Quattrocento from 1400-1500, the High Renaissance from 1500-1525, and Mannerism from 1520-1600. Key characteristics include the use of classical columns, pilasters, semi-circular arches, domes, and emphasis on symmetry, proportion, and harmony in design.
Villa Capra, also known as La Rotonda, is a Renaissance villa near Vicenza, Italy designed by Andrea Palladio in 1565. The villa was commissioned by priest Paolo Almerico as a country house upon his retirement. Inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, the symmetrical villa features a central circular hall beneath a dome, surrounded by four identical porticos with steps leading up to entrance corridors. Each portico faces a different direction to maximize sunlight and complement the surrounding landscape. The villa's symmetrical design harmonizes with the asymmetry of the natural surroundings.
The document summarizes key aspects of British Romanesque architecture as exemplified by Durham Cathedral between the 11th-12th centuries. It was introduced after the Norman conquest in 1066. Durham Cathedral has thick walls, hollow piers, barrel vaulting, small windows, and simple decorative motifs like chevrons. It also pioneered the use of rib vaulting, pointed arches, and compound piers in England. The cathedral's eastern arm contains some of the earliest ribbed vaulting outside of Italy.
This document provides an outline for lectures on Early Christian and Byzantine architecture. It discusses the historical background including the locations, time periods, social characteristics and beliefs. It also describes the different architectural forms used in Early Christian architecture, including basilica churches and alternative centralized plans. Finally, it introduces Byzantine architecture and previews topics to be covered such as domes, prototypes like Hagia Sophia, and the shift of architectural innovation to the Byzantine Empire.
Romanesque architecture originated in medieval Europe between 1000-1200 AD. It is characterized by semi-circular arches and thick stone walls with few openings. Churches during this period had massive piers, groin vaults, and large towers to support their weight. Examples include Monreale Cathedral in Sicily with its two projecting towers and elaborate interior, Pisa Cathedral known for its leaning tower and columns cut from single stones, and Durham Cathedral in England notable for its pointed ribbed vaults and tall central tower.
The document provides details about two important architectural structures from the Byzantine period - Hagia Sophia and St. Mark's Basilica. Hagia Sophia, constructed in Istanbul between 532-537 AD, featured a central dome supported by piers and semi-domes at the front and rear. Its dome diameter of 107 feet was an impressive engineering feat at the time. St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, built between 1063-1089 AD, followed a Greek cross plan with a central dome and hemispherical domes over each arm, supported by pendentives and barrel vaults. Both structures made extensive use of colored marbles and mosaics to decorate their grand interiors illuminated by cl
Gothic architecture developed in 12th century France as an evolution of Romanesque style. Key Gothic features included pointed arches, rib vaults, flying buttresses, large windows, and vertical emphasis. Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris exemplified Gothic architecture, with pointed arches, rib vaults, large rose windows, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, sculptural details like gargoyles and pinnacles, and towers. It helped pioneer the use of flying buttresses and was decorated inside and out.
New St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Rome underwent major reconstruction in the 16th century after the old basilica fell into disrepair. Led by architects like Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini over more than 100 years, the new basilica was built in Renaissance and Baroque styles. Its massive dome, supported by thick piers and vaults, towers over the nave, transepts, and apse. The basilica's lavish interior houses artwork like Michelangelo's Pietà and Bernini's papal altar. Its large square and colonnades make it a focal point in Rome.
Mies van der Rohe was a pioneering German-American architect who is regarded as one of the influential architects of the 20th century. Some of his most notable works include the Barcelona Pavilion built in 1929, the Villa Tugendhat built between 1928-1930, and the Farnsworth House built in 1951. He is known for embracing modernism and introducing new building materials and techniques in his minimalist designs characterized by open floor plans, flat roofs, and steel and glass curtain walls. In the United States, he designed influential apartment buildings like 860-880 Lake Shore Drive in Chicago and the Seagram Building in New York City, known for their structural clarity achieved through exposed steel frames. Mies strove
Romanesque architecture developed in medieval Europe between the 6th and 12th centuries. It was influenced by several factors including the rise of Christianity, the Crusades, and the spread of monasticism. Key characteristics include thick walls, round arches, barrel vaults, and decorative arcading. The style varied across Italy depending on available building materials and local climate but commonly featured simple geometric forms and small windows. Examples include St. Michele in Pavia, known for its sandstone construction and clustered stone piers.
This slideshow covers ancient art and cultural mythology from the Upper Paleolithic through the Hellenistic period in 3 parts: The Ancients (Upper Paleolithic through Minoan), Egyptian art, and Greek art (Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic). It features over 30 works including Venus of Willendorf, Great Pyramid of Giza, Parthenon, Riace Warriors, and the Altar of Zeus to summarize the major cultures and artistic developments during these time periods.
LVV4U: Introduction to Greek Art & Architectureemilyantflick
The document summarizes the major periods of Greek art from 1100 BCE to 30 BCE. It divides Greek art into the Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods. For each period it provides a brief overview of stylistic developments in sculpture, pottery, architecture and other art forms, and discusses major artistic works and influences. Key events that shaped Greek culture, such as the Persian Wars and conquests of Alexander the Great, are also summarized for context.
The Pantheon in Rome is one of the oldest and most well-preserved ancient structures still standing today. Originally built as a temple to honor all gods in 27 BC, it was later reconstructed under Emperor Hadrian in 125 AD and converted to a Catholic church in 608 AD. The Pantheon's most distinctive feature is its large oculus opening at the top of the dome, which at nearly 30 feet in diameter was the building's only source of light. Though originally used as a pagan temple, it continues to serve as a Roman Catholic church and is still an iconic landmark attracting many visitors to Rome.
Roman architecture was influenced by earlier Italian, Etruscan, and Greek cultures. It was practical and utilitarian, emphasizing public works, monumentality, and technical advances to showcase Roman power. Some key characteristics included an emphasis on interior space, combining beauty with utility, and integrating buildings into the urban landscape. Common building materials included stone, concrete, and brick in various construction techniques. Roman towns were planned around cardo and decumanus streets, with forums and infrastructure like aqueducts and roads supporting communities across the empire. Architectural styles included temples, basilicas, baths, theaters, amphitheaters, and domestic structures ranging from insulae to villas.
La Acrópolis de Atenas es un sitio arqueológico ubicado en una colina de Atenas, Grecia que data del 450 a.C. Contiene importantes monumentos de la época clásica como el Partenón, el Erecteión, el Templo de Atenea Niké y los Propileos. Fue construida en honor a la diosa Atenea y servía como sede administrativa, cultural, militar y religiosa de la antigua Atenas. Actualmente es uno de los principales atracciones turísticas de Grecia y patri
The document provides an overview of Roman architecture and design from 117 AD to the 4th century AD. It discusses the Roman Empire and use of Latin as the dominant language. It then covers various aspects of Roman architecture such as building typology (e.g. basilicas, theaters), materials used (e.g. concrete, tiles), orders (Tuscan, Composite), structures (e.g. aqueducts, forums), and interior designs (e.g. mosaics, wall paintings). The document concludes with descriptions of important sites like the Colosseum in Rome.
The document provides an overview of the influences on the development of Greek architecture including geographical, geological, climatic, religious, social, political, and historical factors. Geographically, Greece is surrounded by seas which influenced trade and ideas. Geologically, Greece had high quality marble which was well-suited for architecture. Religiously, the ancient Greeks worshipped many gods and built temples to honor them. Politically, forms of government in Greece ranged from monarchies to oligarchies and democracies over time. Historically, Greek architecture developed from the Aegean period through the Hellenistic period, with structures becoming more refined and symmetrical.
The document provides an overview of early Christian architecture from approximately 300-600 AD. It discusses the influences of declining Rome, military strongholds, castles, and monasteries. Early Christian architecture in Rome was influenced by existing Roman styles but adapted based on geographical location. Churches were modeled after Roman basilicas and often reused materials from pagan temples. Typical features included a nave with side aisles, an entrance hall or narthex, and an apse where the bishop's throne and altar were located.
Ancient Greek architecture developed between 900 BC to 1st century AD and was influenced by earlier civilizations like Egypt. The Greeks used post-lintel construction and three classical orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Temples were the main buildings and were used for religious purposes to show power. Other structures included houses, theaters, and markets. Materials included bricks, stone, wood and marble. Architecture progressed through Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods, with innovations like stone temples and complex theater designs in the Archaic and Classical eras.
Byzantine furniture retained some classical forms like chairs and tables. Materials included wood, metal, ivory, and were sometimes decorated with gold, silver, or jewels. Thrones in particular were elaborately decorated to signify the status of the ruler. While few pieces survive, illustrations show seating often included cushions, and some furniture was draped with fabrics.
History of Architecture- Renaissance ArchitectureVyshnaviMajety
Renaissance architecture originated in 15th century Florence and reflected a revival of classical Greco-Roman forms and principles of proportion. Filippo Brunelleschi is considered the first Renaissance architect. Renaissance architecture is often divided into three phases - the Quattrocento from 1400-1500, the High Renaissance from 1500-1525, and Mannerism from 1520-1600. Key characteristics include the use of classical columns, pilasters, semi-circular arches, domes, and emphasis on symmetry, proportion, and harmony in design.
Villa Capra, also known as La Rotonda, is a Renaissance villa near Vicenza, Italy designed by Andrea Palladio in 1565. The villa was commissioned by priest Paolo Almerico as a country house upon his retirement. Inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, the symmetrical villa features a central circular hall beneath a dome, surrounded by four identical porticos with steps leading up to entrance corridors. Each portico faces a different direction to maximize sunlight and complement the surrounding landscape. The villa's symmetrical design harmonizes with the asymmetry of the natural surroundings.
The document summarizes key aspects of British Romanesque architecture as exemplified by Durham Cathedral between the 11th-12th centuries. It was introduced after the Norman conquest in 1066. Durham Cathedral has thick walls, hollow piers, barrel vaulting, small windows, and simple decorative motifs like chevrons. It also pioneered the use of rib vaulting, pointed arches, and compound piers in England. The cathedral's eastern arm contains some of the earliest ribbed vaulting outside of Italy.
This document provides an outline for lectures on Early Christian and Byzantine architecture. It discusses the historical background including the locations, time periods, social characteristics and beliefs. It also describes the different architectural forms used in Early Christian architecture, including basilica churches and alternative centralized plans. Finally, it introduces Byzantine architecture and previews topics to be covered such as domes, prototypes like Hagia Sophia, and the shift of architectural innovation to the Byzantine Empire.
Romanesque architecture originated in medieval Europe between 1000-1200 AD. It is characterized by semi-circular arches and thick stone walls with few openings. Churches during this period had massive piers, groin vaults, and large towers to support their weight. Examples include Monreale Cathedral in Sicily with its two projecting towers and elaborate interior, Pisa Cathedral known for its leaning tower and columns cut from single stones, and Durham Cathedral in England notable for its pointed ribbed vaults and tall central tower.
The document provides details about two important architectural structures from the Byzantine period - Hagia Sophia and St. Mark's Basilica. Hagia Sophia, constructed in Istanbul between 532-537 AD, featured a central dome supported by piers and semi-domes at the front and rear. Its dome diameter of 107 feet was an impressive engineering feat at the time. St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, built between 1063-1089 AD, followed a Greek cross plan with a central dome and hemispherical domes over each arm, supported by pendentives and barrel vaults. Both structures made extensive use of colored marbles and mosaics to decorate their grand interiors illuminated by cl
Gothic architecture developed in 12th century France as an evolution of Romanesque style. Key Gothic features included pointed arches, rib vaults, flying buttresses, large windows, and vertical emphasis. Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris exemplified Gothic architecture, with pointed arches, rib vaults, large rose windows, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, sculptural details like gargoyles and pinnacles, and towers. It helped pioneer the use of flying buttresses and was decorated inside and out.
New St Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Rome underwent major reconstruction in the 16th century after the old basilica fell into disrepair. Led by architects like Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini over more than 100 years, the new basilica was built in Renaissance and Baroque styles. Its massive dome, supported by thick piers and vaults, towers over the nave, transepts, and apse. The basilica's lavish interior houses artwork like Michelangelo's Pietà and Bernini's papal altar. Its large square and colonnades make it a focal point in Rome.
Mies van der Rohe was a pioneering German-American architect who is regarded as one of the influential architects of the 20th century. Some of his most notable works include the Barcelona Pavilion built in 1929, the Villa Tugendhat built between 1928-1930, and the Farnsworth House built in 1951. He is known for embracing modernism and introducing new building materials and techniques in his minimalist designs characterized by open floor plans, flat roofs, and steel and glass curtain walls. In the United States, he designed influential apartment buildings like 860-880 Lake Shore Drive in Chicago and the Seagram Building in New York City, known for their structural clarity achieved through exposed steel frames. Mies strove
Romanesque architecture developed in medieval Europe between the 6th and 12th centuries. It was influenced by several factors including the rise of Christianity, the Crusades, and the spread of monasticism. Key characteristics include thick walls, round arches, barrel vaults, and decorative arcading. The style varied across Italy depending on available building materials and local climate but commonly featured simple geometric forms and small windows. Examples include St. Michele in Pavia, known for its sandstone construction and clustered stone piers.
This slideshow covers ancient art and cultural mythology from the Upper Paleolithic through the Hellenistic period in 3 parts: The Ancients (Upper Paleolithic through Minoan), Egyptian art, and Greek art (Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic). It features over 30 works including Venus of Willendorf, Great Pyramid of Giza, Parthenon, Riace Warriors, and the Altar of Zeus to summarize the major cultures and artistic developments during these time periods.
LVV4U: Introduction to Greek Art & Architectureemilyantflick
The document summarizes the major periods of Greek art from 1100 BCE to 30 BCE. It divides Greek art into the Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods. For each period it provides a brief overview of stylistic developments in sculpture, pottery, architecture and other art forms, and discusses major artistic works and influences. Key events that shaped Greek culture, such as the Persian Wars and conquests of Alexander the Great, are also summarized for context.
This document provides information on the Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine periods as they relate to architecture and interiors. It discusses the evolution of mastabas and pyramids in Egypt. For Greece, it covers the different architectural orders and provides examples of temples from the Archaic and Classical periods. Information is given on Roman structures like aqueducts, triumphal arches, amphitheaters, and the Pantheon. Finally, the document summarizes the architectural achievements of Byzantium, focusing on Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
The document traces the historical development of architecture from early human settlements to the 21st century. It discusses the evolution from cave dwellings to the first permanent structures in places like Jericho around 8000 BC. Major early civilizations that influenced architecture are mentioned, including Mesopotamia with its ziggurats and mud bricks, Ancient Egypt with pyramids and temples, Ancient Greece which refined architectural elements like columns, and Ancient Rome which developed arches, vaults, and concrete construction. Subsequent styles discussed include Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, 19th century Eclecticism, Modernism, Post-Modernism, and contemporary architecture.
The document traces the historical development of architecture from early human settlements to the 21st century. It discusses the evolution from cave dwellings to the first permanent structures in places like Jericho around 8000 BC. Major early civilizations that influenced architecture are mentioned, including Mesopotamia with its ziggurats and mud bricks, Ancient Egypt with pyramids and temples, Ancient Greece which refined architectural elements like columns, and Ancient Rome which developed arches, vaults, and large domes using concrete. Subsequent styles through history are also summarized such as Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and Modernism. The document concludes that contemporary architecture in the 21st century incorporates multiple global styles.
Ancient Greece was the birthplace of Western civilization between 900-30 BCE. Some of the defining aspects of Greek culture included democratic city-states, a human-centered worldview, and the worship of many gods. Over time, Greek art evolved from geometric to naturalistic styles, with an increasing focus on idealized human and mythological figures. Major periods included the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic eras. The Parthenon exemplified Classical Greek architecture and sculpture at its height under Pericles in Athens. Works depicted gods, heroes, and important myths, often with balance, symmetry, and mathematical proportions. As Greek culture spread, it had lasting influence on Western art, philosophy, and society.
YEOT Spring 2015: Webinar 6: Ancient Engineering ArchitectureAaron Maurer
The document provides information on ancient engineering and architecture from prehistoric times through the Roman era. It discusses prehistoric megaliths and structures, ancient Egyptian pyramids and tombs designed by Imhotep, and the emergence of classical architecture in Greece with the three orders of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns still influencing design today. It then focuses on the Parthenon temple in Athens constructed between 447-432 BC using the post-and-lintel method with optical illusions, and describes Roman advances like straight roads built with the groma tool, arched structures like the Colosseum and aqueducts transporting water into Rome.
1. The document provides background information on ancient Mediterranean cultures including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. It discusses major terms and concepts in architecture, sculpture, and art from these cultures.
2. Key aspects of Mesopotamian and Egyptian architecture discussed include stacking and piling construction, post-and-lintel construction, and ziggurats. Sculpture styles such as relief, contrapposto, and monolithic figures are also examined.
3. The document then covers the major eras of Greek culture from Pre-Greek to Archaic to Classical. Art forms like kouroi, korai, and pottery are analyzed in addition to the development of
This document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian art from the Predynastic period through the Old Kingdom. It describes key developments like the unification of Egypt under King Narmer, the evolution of tomb architecture from mastabas to step pyramids and true pyramids, and important artistic conventions like frontalism. Major artworks discussed include the Narmer Palette, the Step Pyramid and mortuary of Djoser, statues of Khafre and Menkaure, and wall paintings from Saqqara tombs. The document also outlines Egyptian contributions to mathematics, shipbuilding, and other areas.
Evolution and Development of Arts & Architecture (as one of the intrinsic parts of Civilization)in Europe mainly in Greece and Rome occupy a significant position in the history of Human Civilization.
The culture of Art & Architecture was started in Greece in 450 B.C. In case of Romanian Arts and Architecture it was around 1st century BC the same was got developed and mostly inspired by Greek civilization.
The Art & Architecture in ancient Greece all shared the same general form: Rows of columns supporting a horizontal entablature ( a kind of decorative molding) and a triangular roof. At each end of the roof, the above entablature, was a triangle space known as the pediment, into which sculptors squeezed elaborate scenes. In case of Rome, the Art & Architecture includes painting, sculptures, mosaic works etc. Sculpture was perhaps considered as the highest form of art in Rome.
The document provides information on ancient and modern wonders of the world. It describes the seven ancient wonders including the Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Statue of Zeus, Temple of Artemis, Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, and Lighthouse of Alexandria. It then discusses modern wonders such as Christ the Redeemer, Great Wall of China, Machu Picchu, Petra, Pyramid of Chichen Itza, Roman Colosseum, and Taj Mahal. Finally, it briefly introduces several wonders within India like the Meenakshi Amman Temple, Dholavira Reservoir, Red Fort, Jaisalmer
The document provides an overview of architectural theory and history from prehistoric times to modernism. It defines architectural theory as discussing and writing about architecture. It notes Vitruvius as formally starting the idea of architecture and his three principles of firmitas, utilitas, and venustatis. The document then summarizes various architectural styles and periods from prehistoric structures to modernism, highlighting examples from each era.
The document provides an overview of architectural styles from various regions and time periods around the world. It features images and descriptions of notable examples of Neolithic, Classical, Roman, Byzantine, Islamic, African, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Mesoamerican, Incan, North American, Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Return to Classicism, Art Nouveau, Modern, Expressionist, International Style, Contemporary, Critical Regionalism, Postmodern, and Deconstructivist architecture. The images illustrate key characteristics and developments within each architectural tradition.
This document provides information on 16 notable structures from around the world, both ancient and modern. It describes some of the key details about each structure, including their origins, purposes, architectural features, and historical significance. Some of the structures highlighted include the Pyramids of Giza, Taj Mahal, Great Wall of China, Machu Picchu, Forbidden City, and Borobudur.
What is a Column?
The column was an architectural invention which allowed for the support of ceilings without the use of solid walls, thereby increasing the space which could be spanned by a ceiling, allowing the entrance of light and offering an alternative aesthetic to building exteriors, particularly in the peristyles of temples and on colonnades along stoas.
Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest.
In architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features.
A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are "engaged", that is to say form part of a wall.
Columns could also be incorporated (engaged) within walls or be free-standing and carry sculpture to commemorate particular events or people.
The document summarizes key architectural structures from Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. It outlines the three main Greek architectural orders of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, as well as two Roman orders of Tuscan and Composite. It then provides details on major Greek temples including the Parthenon in Athens and Temple of Hephaestus, and Roman structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and Trajan's Column. The document serves as an overview of prominent architectural styles and buildings that exemplified Ancient Greek and Roman design.
The document discusses the evolution of architecture from prehistoric to Gothic times. It describes characteristics of prehistoric architecture which used large megalithic stones for structures like menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs. Egyptian architecture is noted for thick sloping walls covered in hieroglyphs and temples aligned with astronomical events. Greek architecture featured orders like Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, exemplified in the Parthenon. Roman architecture utilized arches, vaults and massive structures like the Colosseum. Byzantine architecture advanced the dome form and was beautifully decorated, as seen in Hagia Sophia. Romanesque and Gothic architecture employed pointed arches, vaulting and grand cathedrals like
The document provides an overview of ancient Greek art from the 9th century BCE to the Hellenistic period. It discusses the major periods and styles of Greek art including Geometric, Orientalizing, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic. The forms of art discussed include architecture, sculpture, painting, pottery, and jewelry. Key works and developments are described for each period.
Organization in architecture humanities report finalakosimona
The document provides an overview of architectural styles from ancient Egypt through modern times. It describes key characteristics of each style such as Egyptian architecture's use of pyramids and temples, Greek architecture's post-and-lintel construction and orders of columns, and Roman architecture's adoption of the Greek style along with innovations like the arch and dome. The medieval periods of Early Christian, Romanesque, and Gothic architecture are outlined. Renaissance architecture revived classical styles. Baroque architecture featured elaborate ornamentation while 19th century architecture was eclectic. Modern architecture uses new materials and structural systems.
Alternative energy sources presentationShahan Saheed
The document discusses various alternative energy sources as replacements for fossil fuels to mitigate global warming. It describes solar power including the photovoltaic process to convert sunlight to electricity and thermal solar to heat water. Challenges with solar include high costs and lack of energy at night. The document also covers thermal power stations in Sri Lanka and companies involved in alternative energy implementation. Wind power is discussed as an option for rural communities through micro-grids.
The document provides an overview of Renaissance art and architecture, summarizing key characteristics and examples. It discusses Renaissance art's use of perspective, light/shade, and illusion. Renaissance architecture is characterized by symmetry, proportion, and classical columns. Example buildings described include St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City and the Sistine Chapel in Rome, known for its Michelangelo frescoes. The document also profiles Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo as two of the most famous Renaissance artists.
The document provides information about fashion trends during the Victorian and Regency eras in both men's and women's clothing. Some key details include:
- Women's Victorian fashion involved elaborate, multi-layered outfits and restrictive corsets. Hairstyles were also complex with hair piled high and decorated. Makeup was minimal and focused on a natural look.
- Men's Victorian fashion included tailored suits, top hats, and facial hair styles like moustaches and beards. Shoes had higher heels.
- Regency women's fashion embraced a more natural silhouette without corsets. Men's fashion focused on well-tailored trousers and linen inspired by Beau Brummell.
- Both er
The module provides an overview of Roman architecture and civilization. It covers the historical background including the location and periods of Roman rule from 753 BC to 476 AD. It discusses the social characteristics such as the diverse population comprising citizens and non-citizens, as well as their religious beliefs and system of government. The learning outcomes focus on Roman innovations in building materials, structures, and functional space design.
1. The document discusses Islamic architecture in Spain, focusing on two major works - the Great Mosque of Cordoba and the Alhambra Palace in Granada.
2. It describes the arrival of Muslims in Spain in the 8th century and the improvements they brought, establishing an intellectual civilization.
3. The Great Mosque of Cordoba and Alhambra Palace are highlighted as magnificent architectural achievements representing Islamic influence in Spain through their detailed designs and ornamentation reflecting Islamic teachings.
Islamic architecture has evolved over time, borrowing from neighboring civilizations. Mosques are the most notable building, originally being open courtyards but now featuring elements like minarets, mihrabs, and minbars. Major mosques include the Grand Mosque in Mecca housing the Kaaba, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and the Blue Mosque in Istanbul modeled after Hagia Sophia. Regional variations exist like the ziggurat-style minaret in Samarra, Iraq and dome shapes in Iran. Mughal architecture fused Islamic and Hindu styles. The Taj Mahal is a famous mausoleum. Moorish architecture in places like the Alhambra and Mesquita
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
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In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
2. “Once A Week Art”
An Introduction to Art History
for Christian Students
Presented by:
L. Kay Mash Aragona
Calvary Lutheran School
Dallas, Texas
3. “The study of architecture opens
up the enjoyment of buildings
with an appreciation of their
purpose, meaning and charm.”
Sir Bannister Fletcher
Author of,
The History of Architecture
4. Ancient Architecture Timeline
900-
1100A
2600BC 575BC 400BC 1-99AD 330AD 476AD 532AD D
Byzantine
Ziggurat architecture
of Ur
Emperor
The
Constantine
Ishtar Romanesque
moves capital to
Gate architecture
Constantinople
Parthenon Hagia
Pyramids
Sophia
at Giza
Fall of
Colosseum Rome
5. What is architecture?
Architecture is the style or
character of a building.
Art Deco style
architecture
Dallas, Texas
Fair Park
6. Great Pyramid of Giza
Great 2.3 million J
limestone blocks
Pyramid at 2600BC carried from
Giza quarries down the
Nile
Tallest manmade
structure in the
world for over
3800 years
Took 14-20
years to build
7. J
Ziggurats of
Mesopotamia
Step-pyramids
built in
Mesopotamia
(today’s Iraq
and Iran) by
Sumerians,
Assyrians, and
Babylonians
9. Ancient Babylonian Architecture: J
The Ishtar Gate
• The Ishtar Gate was
constructed in 575BC by
King Nebuchadnezzar II
• Constructed of blue
glazed tiles
• The gate has been
reconstructed at the
Pergamon Museum in
Berlin, Germany from
original artifacts
10. The Ishtar Gate (575BC): J
one of the entrances to the ancient
city of Babylon
Dedicated to the
Babylonian
Dedicated to the
goddess, Ishtar
11. The Ancient
Greeks
•Known for their
temples and open-air
theatres
•Columns determined
temple style
•Roof tiles replaced
thatched roof around
700-650BC (better fire
protection)
•Architect was treated
as a craftsman
12. Ancient
Greek J
Architecture
Pediment
Capital Capital
Doric Column Corinthian Column
Ionic Column
16. pediment
Temple to
the Greek J
goddess,
Athena
frieze
architrave
Doric
columns
The Parthenon, The life-sized
Athens, Greece sculptures which once
decorated the
Greek Architecture: pediment can be
found in the British
5th century BC Museum in London.
17. Remnant of
the pediment J
Doric
Columns
Remnant
of frieze
Remnant of
architrave
22. • Roman town
Ostia Antica • Seaport – founded 620 BC
as naval base
J
• Later commercial center
and Rome’s food pantry
23. Ancient Architecture Timeline
900-
1100A
2600BC 575BC 400BC 1-99AD 330AD 476AD 532AD D
Byzantine
Ziggurat architecture
of Ur
Emperor
The
Constantine
Ishtar Romanesque
moves capital to
Gate architecture
Constantinople
Parthenon Hagia
Pyramids
Sophia
at Giza Fall of
Rome
Colosseum
24. Ostia Antica:
Theatre
Pronounced os-tia an-teek-a
Built 196 AD
25. • Originally built as a The Pantheon
temple in 432BC, then
rebuilt in the 2nd century
in Rome
AD J
• Used as a church since
the 7th century; the artist,
Raphael, is buried here
• Inspired Brunelleschi’s
42-meter dome in
Florence (1436), the first
sizeable dome to be
constructed in Western
Europe since Late
Antiquity
26. Pantheon
J
ceiling
Still the
largest
unreinforced
concrete
dome in the
world.
27. Coffered
ceiling
(sunken
panels) The oculus is
reduces the the source of
weight of the all interior
roof. light, as well
cooling and
ventilation. It
also helps
reduce the
Coffered weight of the
ceiling is roof.
constructed
Pronounced
of concrete ock-you-lus
28. Roman Architecture – J
The Colosseum in Rome, Italy
• Based upon
Greek
architecture
• Roman brick
covered with
marble
• Built under
Roman
emperors,
Vespasian A&
Titus
• 1-99AD
29. • Artificial building material Roman
consisting of an aggregate
(gravel, crushed bricks, concrete
etc.), a binding agent such
as pozzolona (volcano dust)
or gypsum, & water
• Romans shaped concrete
into arches & vaults,
foundations, patios, fireproof
ceilings, and harbor
Pantheon
structures ceiling:
• Romans covered concrete concrete
with brick or lava stone to
make it more attractive
30. Roman Building Materials: J
Roman Brick
Romans used
bricks in many
buildings & took
their knowledge
of brick-making to
other lands they
conquered,
including Britain.
31. The Roman
Aqueducts
•sophisticated
system used to
Arcades
(arches) carry water from
which support outlying areas to
the aqueduct
cities
•Most aqueducts
Roman Aqueduct, were underground
Segovia, Spain
•Some were above
ground and were
supported by
Inside the aqueduct arcades (arches)
32. Ancient Architecture Timeline
900-
1100A
2600BC 575BC 400BC 1-99AD 330AD 476AD 532AD D
Byzantine
architecture
The
Ishtar Emperor Romanesque
Gate Constantine architecture
moves capital to
Constantinople Hagia
Pyramids Parthenon Sophia
at Giza
Fall of
Rome
Colosseum
33. Over time, the Roman Empire was
divided into 2 parts: West and East
J
Rome,
Italy
• Western part spoke • Eastern part
Latin spoke Greek
• Not as wealthy as the • Byzantine
East architecture
• Capital located in
Rome & other Italian
cities
34. Constantine, a pagan, had a vision of a Chi-Rho in
the sky shortly before he entered a battle with
Emperor Maxentius to gain control of the
Roman Empire.
“In this sign,
you will After he
conquer” is won the
what
Constantine
battle,
said Jesus told Emperor
him in a Constantine
dream.
became a
Christian.
Constantine the Great
Chi-Rho: Christian
Peter Paul Rubens
symbol with 1st 2
Greek letters of word,
Christ
35. The Emperor Constantine moved the capital
of the Roman Empire from Rome to
J
Byzantium, (renamed Constantinople)
in the year 330AD.
Emperor
Constantine, a
Bye-bye convert to
Christianity,
Rome! built many
Hello churches,
Byzantium! including the
1st St. Peter’s
in Rome.
Emperor
Constantine called
together Christian
bishops in 325AD in
Nicaea to settle
religious arguments
about the nature of
Jesus. The Nicene
Bust of Emperor Constantine Creed resulted.
36. In Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia, built in
532-537AD, was the finest example of Byzantine
architecture and remained the world’s largest
Christian church for a thousand years. J
Bosphorus ASIA
River –
Hagia Sophia, as
separates it would have
the appeared in the
Continent of
Europe from
time of Emperor
Asia. Constantine.
This example of
Byzantine
architecture was
built in only 5
EUROPE
years.
37. • Mosaics Byzantine
instead of Art & Architecture
carvings
• Multiple
domes
• The name,
Hagia
Sophia,
means
“Wisdom of Mosaics in Chora Church,
God” Istanbul, Turkey
38. Byzantine J
• Mosaics
Mosaics are
pictures
made up
of small
pieces of
colored
stone or
glass
• Ravenna,
Italy -
known for
its
Byzantine
mosaics
40. The Fall of Constantinople - 1453
50,000 Islamic
troops of the
Ottoman Empire
battled 8,500
Byzantine
Christians. When
the Ottoman leader,
Sultan Mehmed II,
entered the city, he
prayed at Hagia
Sophia, then ordered
it be converted to an
Islamic mosque.
41. J
After Constantinople
Hagia Sophia was
was conquered by the
converted to an
Muslims…
Islamic mosque
• the bells, altar and
iconostasis were
removed
• the Christian mosaics
were plastered over
• the minarets were
added
• The name of
Minarets
Constantinople was
added by the
changed to Istanbul
Muslims
42. Largest Christian J
church in the world for
nearly 1,000 years
In 1453, Constantinople was
captured by the Ottoman
Turks and Sultan Mehmed II
ordered the church to be
converted to a mosque
Muslims removed the
bells, the iconostasis,
Hagia Sophia and the altar, and added
plywood panels with
Arabic verses.
44. Ancient Architecture Timeline
900-
1100A
2600BC 575BC 400BC 1-99AD 330AD 476AD 532AD D
Byzantine
architecture The Middle
Ages…
Emperor
The
Constantine
Ishtar Romanesque
moves capital to
Gate architecture
Constantinople
Parthenon Hagia
Pyramids Sophia
at Giza
Fall of
Colosseum Rome
45. • Romanesque means
“descended from
Features of
J
Roman” Romanesque
• Romanesque Architecture
architecture in England
is called “Norman”
architecture
• Architecture of medieval
Europe (10th-12th
centuries)
• Rounded arches
• Evolved into Gothic
architecture in the 12th
century
47. Chevron J
moulding
A zig-zag moulding used
in Romanesque (Norman)
architecture
48. Romanesque J
architecture
Romanesque
church floorplan
– simple
Lombard band compared to
Gothic churches
49. Lombard band:
Romanesque decorative arched
Architecture border on the exterior
of Romanesque
buildings
J
50. Architecture Timeline
330AD 476AD 532AD 900-1100AD 1100-1600
Middle Ages
Byzantine
architecture
Gothic
Emperor architecture
Constantine
moves capital of Romanesque
Holy Roman architecture •Notre Dame
Empire to de Paris
Constantinople Hagia •Cathedral at
Sophia Cologne
Fall of
Rome •Salisbury
Cathedral
51. • Rounded arches
(Romanesque) Gothic J
replaced with pointed Architecture
arches (Gothic)
• Towns competed to
create tallest churches
• Some churches
collapsed, killing many
• Stained glass windows
weakened walls
• Flying buttresses were
added to support very
high walls Flying buttresses
54. J
Notre Dame de Paris
Apse
Rose
window
Construction
began in
1163 One of the first buildings
to use flying buttresses
55. Cathedral library
houses original
copy of Magna 404 feet tall Salisbury
Carta spire J
Cathedral
Gothic cathedral
with tallest spire in
England
Unique church because
unlike most Gothic
Do I have to churches of its day, it
sign this thing?
was built to completion
in one generation,
King (1220-1258) – without
John Magna additions
Carta 1215
56. Cathedral at
Cologne,
Germany
• Another example of
Gothic architecture
• Foundation for the
church was laid in
the 1240’s
• Church wasn’t
complete until over
600 years later