The document provides information on English Renaissance architecture. It was introduced during the reign of Elizabeth I through influences from the Netherlands. The first major proponent was Inigo Jones who studied in Italy and brought Palladian styles to England. Examples given include the Queen's House and Banqueting House. English Renaissance is then divided into four periods - Elizabethan, Jacobean, Anglo-Classic/Baroque, and Georgian. Specific architects like Inigo Jones, Christopher Wren, and Robert Adam are discussed. Key buildings from each period are also summarized like Hardwick Hall, Charlton House, St. Paul's Cathedral, and the Banqueting House.

1. ENGLISH RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
Ar. Angel Roselin

2. ENGLISH RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
• Renaissance architecture arrived in England during the reign of Elizabeth I, through the
Netherlands, where it acquired versions of the Dutch gable, and Flemish strap work in
geometric designs adorning the walls. The new style tended to manifest itself in large square
tall houses such as Hardwick hall.
• The first great exponent of Renaissance architecture in England was Inigo Jones (1573–1652),
who had studied architecture in Italy under the influence of Palladio.
• Jones returned to England full of enthusiasm for the new movement and immediately began
to design such buildings as the Queen's House at Greenwich in 1616 and the Banqueting
House at Whitehall three years later.
• These works with their clean lines and symmetry , were revolutionary in a country still
obsessed with mullion windows, crenellations and turrets.
• English Renaissance are divided into:-
1. Elizabethan (A.D. 1558-1603)
2. Jacobean (A.D. 1603-1625)
3. Anglo- Classic or Baroque (1625 – 1702)
4. Georgian Period (1702 – 1830)
15th – 18th CE.

3. PHASES IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
⦁English Renaissance is divided into four periods :-
I. Elizabethan (1558-1603 AD)
• Followed the Tudor style. Gothic features were
retained & ornamented with Renaissance details.
• Large, square, tall houses having symmetrical
towers. Many churches & country houses were
erected.
• The towers are in the shape of the letter “E” for
Elizabeth. Externally, towers, parapets & chimneys
produced an effective skyline, while the walls had
mullioned French windows & oriels.
• The influence of landscape gardening was
important. These mansions were set among formal
gardens with forecourts, lakes & fountains.
• Eg: Heriot's Hospital, Edinburgh

4. PHASES IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
⦁English Renaissance is divided into four periods :-
II. Jacobean (1603-1625 AD)
• Diverging from Gothic model. The design of the
buildings were directed by the wants of the people
in whose era.
• It was named after King James I, this period was
marked by the adoption of classic columns &
entablatures.
• Although the general rules of the Elizabethan
style remained, there was a consistent& unified
application of formal design, both in plan &
elevation.
• Much use was made of columns & pilasters, round
arch arcades & flat roofs with open parapets.
Along with these, rustications, ornamental details
such as scrolls & straps were mixed.
Eg: Charlton House, Wilts.
Eg: Holland House, Kensington

5. PHASES IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
⦁English Renaissance is divided into four periods :-
III. Anglo- Classic or Baroque (1625 – 1702 AD)
• Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren, were considered the founders of this style.
• Palladianism is design philosophy based on the writings & work of Andreas Palladio, an Italian
architect, who himself tried to revive Vitruvian principles.
Inigo Jones Christopher Wren
• Sir Christopher Wren was
influenced by Bernini &
Mansard in Paris.
• The great fire of London
offered Wren a grand
opportunity & he became
the architect of rebuilding
St.Pauls Cathedral.
• He also designed the
palaces at Hampton court
& Greenwich.
• Inigo Jones was first
responsible for
popularizing this in
England. Eg. Queens
house & the
Banqueting house.
• He was followed by
Robert Adam in the
later period who
redefined Palladianism
, with Neo-classism.

6. PHASES IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
⦁English Renaissance is divided into four periods :-
IV. Georgian (1702 – 1830 AD)
• Georgian architecture is characterized by its
proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios
were used to determine the height of a window in
relation to its width or the shape of a room as a
double cube.
• Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical
orders of architecture and employed a decorative
vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece.
• The most common building materials used are brick
or stone.
• Houses adopted square plans with central top lit
saloon & double storey height.
• Larger type of house - the ground floor was treated
as a basement. First floor – reached by external
flight of steps. Commonly used colours were red,
tan, or white.
Eg: Kedlestone Hall
Eg: Castle Howard

7. ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL, LONDON, CHRISTOPHER WREN
1675-1710 AD

8. ST PAUL’S CATHEDRAL, LONDON
Plan:
• The first design - Greek cross with a projecting western vestibule. Later on a long nave and
choir is added to the design
• The building has an internal length of 460 feet. The breadth including aisles is 100 feet and
has an area of 60,000 square feet.
1675-1710 AD
Latin cross plan with great central space
at the crossing of the nave & the
transept, which is crowned by a dome.
North and South transepts have semi circular
porticoes, while on the west is the projecting
lobby.
The western bay of the nave is
square in plan & is flanked by
projecting chapels.

9. ST PAUL’S CATHEDRAL, LONDON
Facade:
• Built of Portland stone in Late Renaissance style.
1675-1710 AD
The portico is flanked by 2 well proportioned towers, with
the left one containing the bells & the right one the clock.
The façade has 2 orders with the lower having Corinthian
& the upper having composite rising to a height of 107‟-
8”.
The central 2 storied portico of coupled columns
supports a triangular pediment.
The dome is of triple construction, carried by eight piers.
It is 109 feet at the base of the drum, diminishing to 102
feet at the top. Stone lantern is supported by the outer
brick dome

10. ST PAUL’S CATHEDRAL, LONDON
Dome construction:
• Its impressive dome was inspired by St Peter’s
Basilica in Rome. It rises 365 feet (108 metres) to
the cross at its summit, making it a famous
London landmark.
• Wren built a 3 shelled dome.
• The inner dome is built of brick, about 18” thick &
provides the ceiling for the interior.
• The intermediate dome is structural & in the form
of a cone also constructed with brickwork and
supporting the lantern at the top & the
framework for the outer dome.
• The outer dome is constructed of timber & is
covered with lead.
• Eight openings are located at the top of the outer
dome to admit light located at the top of the
outer dome to admit light to the inner core
Watch: https://youtu.be/itGxKrJoEk8
Walkway around the
base of drum of
whispering gallery

11. ST PAUL’S CATHEDRAL, LONDON
Interior :
• The aisles are only one storey high, so that a
screen wall is raised above them to give dignity
to the elevation.
• The interior is a harmonious composition of
semicircular arches, vaults & domes, even
though the massive piers give it a look of
solidity & strength.
• Lighting has been well manipulated to achieve
the lighting contrasts that a house of prayer
requires.
• The wooden panelling that emphasize the
(above) & the interior lines of the arches &
domes and the wooden coffered ceiling give
an English character.

12. BANQUETING HOUSE, LONDON, INIGO JONES
1619 AD

13. BANQUETING HOUSE, LONDON
Plan:
• Formerly a part of the Palace of Whitehall.
The Banqueting House was probably
planned as part of a grand new Palace of
Whitehall but the unsettled times put an
end to the scheme.
• Built by Inigo jones in 1619 AD. It
introduced the Italian renaissance style to
England.
• There is a double floor banqueting hall
decorated with paintings done by Paul
Reubens.

14. BANQUETING HOUSE, LONDON
Facade:
• It was the first building in England to use crown glass in its windows.
• The exterior has a rusticated basement with Ionic columns in the GF & Corinthian columns
in the FF.
• The balustraded parapet wall & flat roof was something very different in Jacobean England.
• The windows are emphasized by triangular & segmental pediments in the GF & by
sunshades with brackets on the FF.

15. BANQUETING HOUSE, LONDON
Interior:
• The pilasters & columns support a bold projecting cornice that is typical of this style.