Evolution and Development of Arts & Architecture (as one of the intrinsic parts of Civilization)in Europe mainly in Greece and Rome occupy a significant position in the history of Human Civilization. The culture of Art & Architecture was started in Greece in 450 B.C. In case of Romanian Arts and Architecture it was around 1st century BC the same was got developed and mostly inspired by Greek civilization. The Art & Architecture in ancient Greece all shared the same general form: Rows of columns supporting a horizontal entablature ( a kind of decorative molding) and a triangular roof. At each end of the roof, the above entablature, was a triangle space known as the pediment, into which sculptors squeezed elaborate scenes. In case of Rome, the Art & Architecture includes painting, sculptures, mosaic works etc. Sculpture was perhaps considered as the highest form of art in Rome.

1. CLASSICAL CIVILASATION OF GREECE AND ROME ART AND
ARTHITECTURE
BRISHMRITA BORUAH
ARC1061012

2. INTRODUCTION
• Evolution and Development of Arts & Architecture (as one of the
intrinsic parts of Civilization)in Europe mainly in Greece and Rome
occupy a significant position in the history of Human Civilization.
• The culture of Art & Architecture was started in Greece in 450 B.C.
In case of Romanian Arts and Architecture it was around 1st century
BC the same was got developed and mostly inspired by Greek
civilization.
• The Art & Architecture in ancient Greece all shared the same
general form: Rows of columns supporting a horizontal entablature
( a kind of decorative molding) and a triangular roof. At each end of
the roof, the above entablature, was a triangle space known as the
pediment, into which sculptors squeezed elaborate scenes. In case
of Rome, the Art & Architecture includes painting, sculptures,
mosaic works etc. Sculpture was perhaps considered as the highest
form of art in Rome.

3. CIVILIZATION IN EUROPE
European Civilization is one of the
glaring examples of Human
Civilization. It is the oldest civilization
in the world in terms of Art &
Architecture, Trade, Culture etc.
Early signs of Civilization started in
Western Europe in the 11th Century.
Greece, Italy, Rome, Venice,
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Florence French,
England are some of the places/cities
from where the journey of European
Civilization began.
https://www.artsy.net/gene/greek-and-roman-
art-and-architecture

4. GREECE CIVILIZATION
 The Greek civilization started in the Balkan Peninsula , but
some Greeks lived in islands in Asia Minor.
 They started to live together in city states or polis , which had
its own government laws and army. Athens and Sparta were
important city states.
 The art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome played
a foundational role of the history of Western art.

5. GREECE ART AND ARTCHITECTURE
The main three period of Greece art history ;
Archaic period (C 800-479 BCE)
Classical period (c. 510-336 BCE)
Hellenistic period (c. 336-30 CE)

6. ARCHAIC PERIOD
• The Archaic period was the
earliest period in Greek
Sculpture which started
around 600B.C. and lasted
until 480 B.C. These works
have a stiff and ridged
appearance similar to that
of the Egyptian sculpture.
https://www.artsy.net/gene/greek-and-roman-
art-and-architecture

7. The second period, the Classical
period, was between the Archaic
and Hellenistic times. The Classical
period shows a very large shift from
the stiff Archaic to a more realistic
and sometimes idealistic portrayal
of the human figure. Females, after
the5th century B.C., were depicted
nude, often with flowing robes. The
robes gave the sculpture the idea of
movement and realism in an effort
by the artist to show humans more
naturally and realistically.
Shift to more realistic
• Females after 5thcentury often nude
w/flowing robes
• Robes gave idea of movement & realism
• contrapposto stance(one leg fwd, shift in
weight conveys gravity)
• "Discus thrower” c.485 BCE is to left•
Youth of Marathon

8. • Harder to see distinctions b/tw Classical &
Hellenistic
Youth, vigor, athleticism of earlier Classical
period still evident
• More dynamic movement
Nike of Samothrace Statue Hellenistic: Venus
of Melos(Milo) c. 100 BC
The third period, the
Hellenistic period, started a
little before 300 B.C. To the
average person, it is more
difficult to see the distinctions
between the Classical and
Hellenistic period. Both
periods did the majority of
their sculpture as nudes. The
Greeks portrayed a young,
vigorous, and athletic person
in their works. He se works id
the individual and in a way,
attempted to capture the idea
of youth and strength in their
design. The works reflect the
commonly held views of
youth, strength, courage, and
beauty which were
encouraged in the Greek City
states.

11. RED AND BLACK FIGURED VASES

12. EXAMPLES OF GREEK VASE ART
DIONYSIUS CROSSING SEA

13. HERAKLES AND CERBERUS

14. HERAKLES AND CERBERUS

15. TROJAN WAR

19. THE ACROPOLIS
• The Parthenon Built as a
temple of Athena Parthenos
("Virgin") in the Doric Style, the
Greek goddess of wisdom on
the Acropolis in Athens. The
Parthenon was built in the
5thcentury BC, and despite the
enormous damage it has
sustained over the centuries, it
still communicates the ideals of
order and harmony for which
Greek architecture is known.

20. DARIC; TEMPLE OF ATHENA

21. THE TEMPLE OF ZEUS AT ATHENS DETAIL

22. DERIC; TEMPLE AT OLYMOIA

23. GATEWAY TO ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES

24. RUINS OF KNOSSOS

25. 4,000 YEARS OLD URNS

26. ROMAN ART AND ARTHITECTURE
 Like Greece, Rome had a lasting influence on the
Western tradition of art. Roman art includes the visual
arts produced in Ancient Rome, and in the territories of
the Roman empire .Major forms of Roman art are
architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work.
Ancient Roman buildings and other structures combine
function and beauty. They demonstrate the Romans'
genius and skill in engineering and architecture . Roman's
become the heirs of Greek Art.
 Even though a large majority of Roman Art was copied
from the Greeks, they stillmade their own contributions
of their own, from their differences in sculpturesto their
masterful feet's in architecture.

27. ROMAN ARTHITECTURE
Roman architecture is
going to be broken down
into 7 different structure ;
1. Temple
2. Aqueducts
3. Baths
4. Coliseums- sporting
event buildings
5. Pantheon
6. Basilicas
7. Trimphal Arches

28. TEMPLES
Temples were similar looking
instructure to the Greeks, BUT
Romans used many of their
columns as decorative reasons
along with structural support.
It's important to take notice to in
that the Romans were the ones
who discovered how to make)
A. Is used in almost all
Romanstructures.bis made from
memoriam Volcanic sand, small
stones and water:
B) They learned how to mold it-Ex.
Brick Moldd) Because of this
discovery, the Romans were able to
created buildings/structures on
larger scales . e)
C. It was durable and very cheap

29. ROMAN AQUEDUCTS
These were a system that
carried water from
mountain streams into
cities using gravitational
flow. For these structures
the Roman's used the
“arch method” for support
and efficiency NOT for
beauty. They were
constructed of granite
blocks without mortar or
cement.They ranged from
10-60 miles long.

30. BATH
These were vast enclosed
structures tha tcontained
libraries, lecture rooms,
gymnasiums, shops,
restaurants and pleasant
walk ways.They were also
known fro being social and
cultural centers.They were
places for hygiene.They can
be compared to the modern
day shopping mall.

31. PANTHEON
One of the greatest marvels
of Roman Architecture.It was
designed as a temple
dedicated to all theRoman
gods.Even though the outside
looks simple (a low, gently
curving dome resting on a
cylinder) the outside hasa
much bigger impact.The
DOME is made of brick and
concrete, it rises 144ft above
the ground and the diameter
is 144 ft aswell, the opening is
30 ft across.There are NO
windows because of all the
need edsupport, but the
dome provided all
thelighting/illumination.

32. BASILICAS
It's a functional building
made to hold large
numbers of people.It was
originally designed as a
court of law and public
meeting hall and it was all
part of a forum or public
square.Almost all the
Basilicas contained: Nave: a
long, wide center
aisle.Apse: a semicircular
area at the end of the
nave.. Because of the
particular roof design they
were able to install
windows.

33. TRIUMPHAL ARCHES
These are heavily
decorated arches .After an
important win in a battle
or victory, Generals and
their troops would walk
under the arch, while
thousand scheered them
on.There are 3 arches:a
1 large arch in which the
general passes through.b)
The other
2 arches are for the troops
to pass through.

34. ROMAN ARTISTIC PERIOD
• The Republican Period - c. 500 BCE – 44 BCE
 The patricians - ruled the country and werelike
an aristocratic class.The plebeian class - common
folk with little say in running the government.
 On March 15th (the ides of March) in
44BCEJulius Caesar was assassinated by members
of the senate. With his death came the absolute
end of the Roman republic and the beginnings of
the Roman Empire under Augustus.

35. ROMAN PAINTING
Walls of Roman domestic
dwellings were decorated
with frescoes and mosaics,
and some have survived .This
gives us a link to Greek
painting which has not
survived.Roman wall painting
went 4 phases : Architectural
style - the illusion of space
creat edthrough Herringbone
perspective, a system where
orthogonals vanish to a
specific point along a vertical
line that divides that canvas.

36. ROMAN SCULPTURE
Much of Roman art is
derived from that of
Greece.• However, their
realistic portrait sculptures
were wholly Roman.• Wax
death masks were made
and often converted to
bronze or terra-cotta
sculptures.• This led
Roman sculpture to
become more realistic,
detailed

37. CONCLUSION
 The Art & Architecture of Greece had a powerful influence
on ancient Rome which carried a version of it throughout
the Europe.
 The development of civilization basically the Art &
Architecture is generally considered the cradle of Western
Civilization, the seminal culture from which the modern
west and most of the countries of the world derives many
of its founding archetypes and ideas in politics,
philosophy, science and art.
 The civilization of the Greece and Rome (in later periods)
in terms of Art & Architecture has utmost contribution
towards the sublimation and acceleration of human
civilization across the globe.

38. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• https://www.artsy.net/gene/greek-and-
roman-art-and-architecture
• classical civilization of greece and rome: art ...
• Roman Art and Architecture | Oxford Art
• ANCIENT GREEK ACTIVITES
• ABRIEF HISTORY OF ANCIENT GREECE