The document provides an overview of architectural styles from various regions and time periods around the world. It features images and descriptions of notable examples of Neolithic, Classical, Roman, Byzantine, Islamic, African, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Mesoamerican, Incan, North American, Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Return to Classicism, Art Nouveau, Modern, Expressionist, International Style, Contemporary, Critical Regionalism, Postmodern, and Deconstructivist architecture. The images illustrate key characteristics and developments within each architectural tradition.

1. ARCHITECTURE
PICTURE PARADE

2. Neolithic architecture: Mesopotamia Achitecture:
Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae A reconstructed Sumerian ziggurat in Bablyon
Ancient Egyptian architecture
Ceiling decoration in the peristyle hall of
Medinet Habu, an example of ancient Egyptian
architecture

3. Classical architecture:
Greek architecture:
Tholos temple, sanctuary of Athena Pronaia;
Temple of Concordia in Agrigento,
located in Delphi, Greece
Sicily.

4. Roman architecture
Roman Temple: Maison Carrée,
Nimes, France (contrast with Greek temple) Triumphal Arch: Arch of Constantine, Rome
Arch: Roman aqueduct in Segovia, Spain Dome: Interior of the Pantheon in Rome

5. Byzantine architecture
The Palatine Chapel of the Norman Kings of
Sicily. Built with Byzantine architectural
conventions and with mosaics attributed to
Byzantine artists.

6. Islamic architecture
Moorish architecture: The
Sudano-Sahelian: TheGreat Mosque of Djenné Mosque of Kairouan inTunisia
Great
in present-day Mali, illustrating the mud
construction of western Africa.
Persian architecture:
Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque,
Isfahan, Iran
Ottoman architecture:
Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey.
Mughal architecture:
Badshahi Mosque, Pakistan

7. Africa
The conical tower inside the Great Enclosure
in Great Zimbabwe, a medieval city built by a
prosperous culture.
Persian architecture
The ruins of Taq-i Kisra at Ctesiphon (in today
iraq) - an example of Persian architecture
during Sassanidperiod.

8. Indian architecture
Buddhist architecture
Chennakesava Temple, Somanathapurain
Karnataka, India.
stupa at the top of Borobudur, Java, Indonesia

9. Chinese architecture
The Iron Pagoda of Kaifeng,
built in 1049 during the
Song Dynasty.
Inside the Forbidden City-
an example of
Chinese architecture from
the 15th century.
Korean architecture
Throne Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace, Seoul,
South Korea

10. Japanese architecture
View of Himeji Castle from Nishi-no-maru
Mesoamerican architecture
Overview of the central plaza of the Mayan
city of Palenque(Chiapas, Mexico), a fine
example of Classic period Mesoamerican
Architecture.

11. Incan architecture
View of Machu Picchu
Ancient architecture of North America
Cliff Palace of Mesa Verde, in Arizona, United
States, created by the Ancient Pueblo Peoples.

12. Europe to 1600
Medieval architecture Romanesque
The façade of the cathedral of
Lisbon.
Bodiam Castle,
England, fourteenth century.
Gothic
Pre-Romanesque
Gothic architecture:
Notre-Dame de Chartres
,
The royal palace, later church, of
Santa María del Naranco, an example of
Asturian architecture of theRamirense period.

13. Renaissance architecture
The Palazzo Farnese, Rome.
Baroque architecture
Sicilian Baroque: Basilica della Collegiata,
Catania, Sicily, Italy.

14. Return to Classicism
Plate from Colen Campbell's Vitruvius
Brittanicus.
Art Nouveau
Palais Garnier is a cornerpiece of Beaux-Arts
architecture characterized by Émile Zola as
"the opulent bastard of all styles".

15. Modern architecture
Contrasts in modern architecture, as shown by
adjacent high-rises in Chicago, Illinois.
IBM Plaza (right), by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
, is a later example of the clean rectilinear lines
and glass of the International Style, whereas
Marina City, (left), by his student
Bertrand Goldberg, reflects a more sculptural
Mid-Century Modern aesthetic.

16. Expressionist architecture
Goetheanum by Rudolf Steiner
Art Deco
The Art Deco spire of the Chrysler Building in
New York,

17. International Style
The Glass Palace, a celebration of
transparency, in Heerlen, The Netherlands
Contemporary architecture
30 St Mary Axe by Norman Foster, London,
United Kingdom

18. Critical regionalism
The Sydney Opera House - designed to evoke
the sails of yachts in Sydney harbour
Postmodern architecture
1000 de La Gauchetière, with ornamented and
strongly defined top, middle and bottom.
Contrast with the modernist Seagram Building
and Torre Picasso.

19. Deconstructivist architecture
Libeskind's Imperial War Museum North in
Manchester comprises three apparently
intersecting curved volumes.

20. THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA AND
PROCESSES: ARCHITECURE

21. TEEPEE
IGLOO

22. Planning a Building
• A perspective view
• Ground plans
• elevations

27. Kinds of vault