Project Loon is a Google project to provide internet access to rural and remote areas using high-altitude balloons. The balloons float in the stratosphere at about 20 km above sea level, where winds are slower and more predictable than near the ground. Each balloon carries a solar panel and communications equipment. The balloons connect to each other via wireless connections to share internet access between large areas. This network can provide basic internet access to users over a wide area. The goal is to bridge the digital divide and connect more of the world's population to information resources.

1. Google Project Loon
Presented By :
SHAHZAD AHMAD
Under the guidance of:
Mr. Ashutosh Singh
Department of Electronics Engineering
HBTI,Kanpur

2. GOOGLE PROJECT LOON
“Two out of every three people on earth do not have internet access”

3.  Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by
Google
 Project loon is a network of balloon Travelling on edge of space ,
designed to connect with the people In Rural and Remote areas.
Project loon preview

4. history equipment technology
working reception Adv/disadvantages

5. SPACE DATA INC.
 In 2001, Space Data Inc. , suggested an idea to widen the cellular coverage for the rural
areas in the united States. The idea was to have wireless transceivers carried aloft on
weather balloons, launched by the National Weather Service(NSW).
 For the past 60 years, the NSW is launching 70 balloons twice a day across the country
to collect the weather information . The weather balloons are in fact floating above
specific areas for about 24 hours at about 30 km .
 “ The balloon can be a mini and cheaper cell tower in the sky “.
1.HISTORY

6. 1.HISTORYSPACE DATA INC:
 It also started to launch its own cheap biodegradable latex weather balloons and provide
private networks to truckers and oil companies.
 One balloon with a weight of 1.5 kg, a size of 7.6 m (25ft) when fully inflated, can cover a
670 km diameter coverage circle below.
 It currently covers only Texas, New Mexico and Louisiana .
GOOGLE PROJECT LOON:
 In 2008, Google had considered contracting with or acquiring Space Data Inc. , but didn’t do
so.
 Unofficial development on the project began in 2011 under incubation in GoogleX.
 The project was officially announced as a Google project on 14 June 2013

7. 1.HISTORY
THE PILOT TEST :
 Two days after it’s announcement (on 16 June 2013),Google began a pilot experiment in new
Zealand.
 A small group of project loon pioneers tested the technology in Christchurch and Canterbury.
 30 balloons were launched 20 km in sky.
 About 50 local users tested the connections to the aerial wireless network at up to 3G speed
using special antennas.

8. 2.EQUIPMENT
2.1 ENVELOPE 2.2 SOLAR PANEL
2.3 PAYLOAD

9. 2.EQUIPMENT
ENVELOPE:
loon’s balloons envelopes
are made from sheets of
thin strong polyester film
about 0.076 mm thick and
stand 15 meters wide and
12 meters tall when fully
inflated.

10. .
.
The loon balloon must resist high pressure than a normal weather balloon.
 That’s why Such super pressure balloons require polyester sheets since it strongly keeps from
stretching and popping even at high altitude of 40 km.
 Inside envelope, there is another chamber, called bladder.
 The balloon can move up or down a 1.7 km range through the bladder system. This system can
help to choose suitable wind currents in stratosphere.

11.  To have the balloon descended, a fan powered by the solar energy fills the bladder with air to
make it heavier. Likewise, the fan vents air in the bladder, which causes it to rise.
 When being out of the service, it releases gas from the envelope and descends slowly to the
ground. It rarely happens, but when the balloon drops quickly , it uses the parachute on the
top of the envelope.

12. SOLAR PANEL:
Each unit’s electronics
are powered by an
array of solar panels
that sits between the
envelope and the
payload.

13.  Solar panels are about the size of a card table
and generate enough electricity in four hours
to power the transmitter for a day and
beam down the Internet signal to ground
stations.
 In sunny day, these panels produce 100 watts
of power ;enough to keep the unit running
while also charging a battery for use at night
 By moving with the wind and charging in the
sun , a loon balloon is able to power itself
using only renewable energy sources.

14. PAYLOAD:
 The payload is a small box that holds electronic devices, such as circuit boards,
radio antennas, batteries, GPS, flight sensors, and devices to monitor weather
conditions.
 The circuit board : controls the overall balloon system.
 Radio antennas : communicate with other balloons and with internet antennas
on ground.
 Batteries : store solar power so the balloon can operate in night.

15. 3.TECHNOLOGY
a) Solar and battery technology
b) Algorithmic control
c) Wireless Mesh networking
d) ISM bands

16. a) SOLAR AND BATTERY TECHNOLOGY:
 Loon use 600 watt battery, charged by solar panels. These large ,extra light photovoltaic
Cells keeps the weight of the balloon less so that they can run for long missions without landing.
b) ALGORITHMIC CONTROL:
 GoogleX has developed Software that moves the balloon up or down to catch wind current
based on their direction to more or less keep the balloon in one area.
c) WIRELESS
MESH NETWORKING:
 Developing countries can’t afford to lay expensive fibre cable that have to be installed
underground to allow user to connect to internet.
 Mesh networking sends internet packets from balloon to balloon and sends data to and from
homes below that have specially built antenna on their roof.

17. d) ISM BAND:
 Are radio band(6.78 Mhz-245 Ghz) reserved internationally for industrial, scientific and
medical purposes other than telecommunication.
 ISM bands share the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands for non ISM use because they are typically
unlicensed radio frequencies around the world.
 Google currently using these bands.

18. 4.WORKING
2. How loon moves
3. How loon connects
1. Where loon situated

19. Where loon situated :
 Loon balloon float in the stratosphere at 20km altitude.
 Stratosphere is the second layer of atmosphere(altitude
range 10-50 km) between troposphere and mesosphere.
Advantage of stratosphere:
1. the winds here moves steadily and slowly between 5 and
20 mph.
2. commercial airliners fly between 9 and 12 km altitude,
thus it avoid airplane traffics.
3. most weather phenomena occurs in the troposphere.
thus they avoid any adverse weather.
4.This sphere is great for solar panel, because there is no
cloud to block to sun.

20. 4.WORKINGHow loon moves:
 Each layer of wind in stratosphere varies in direction.
 Software algorithms are used to determine where the balloon need to go, then moves it
into a layer of wind blowing in the right direction.
 By moving with the wind ,the balloons can be arranged to form one large communication
network.
How loon connects:
 a user with the specialized antenna sends signals via a radio frequency over ISM bands to a
balloon close to him.
 The balloon sends the signals to neighbouring balloons.
 Then the signals reach the balloon which is connected to the local Internet .

21. 4.WORKING The local ISP receives the data and forwards them via
balloons in the sky to the destination.
 Finally , the balloon close to the receiver broadcasts the
data to the grounds via a radio frequency over ISM bands.
 It provide ground connectivity to an area about 40 km
diameter circle at 3G speed.
 The special antenna installed outside home receives data.

22. 5.reception

23. INDIA :
 India has expressed it’s interested in
Google Inc.’s balloon project
India has the third highest number of
Internet users in the world after China
and the US at 150 million, but penetration
accounts for just 12.58% of the country’s
population of 1.2 billion.
connectivity is one of the key challenges
in India.

24. BILL GATES :
Bill gates criticized Google loon and says
that:
 It’s not going to uplift the poor and it’s
not an area that he’ll be putting money
into.
 “When you’re dying of malaria, I
suppose you’ll look up and see that
balloon, and I’m not sure how it’ll help
you. When a kid gets diarrhoea, no,
there’s no website that relieves that,
"gates said.

25. CNES():
 France space agency,CNES,
announced it’s partnership with
Google to develop project loon.
 CNES has been researching
stratosphere and balloon technology
for decades.

26. MARK ZUKERBERG :
 It’s regular carrier that will do most
of the work reaching billions of
people who lacks internet access
not sci-fi ideas like loon
 The regular carriers are doing a
good job but where it isn’t efficient
enough to cost effectively serve
people there’s a role for sci-fi ideas
 He also said that "connectivity is a
human right."

27. 6.Advantages/disadvantages
1.Cheaper internet
2.3G speed
3.GPS expansion
4.exploration
1.Crash incidents
2.Stratosphere
regulatory hurdle
3.Political hurdle
4.Negotiate with
countries to buy
radio frequencies
5.Cost of operation
is not revealed by
google
5.Disaster management
6.Remote communication
7.Launching balloon does not
require higher technical skills
8.Intelligence gathering
9.Satellite recreation
10.Scientific data collection
11.Wheather surveillance

28. References :
http://www.google.com/loon/
http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/projectloon
http://www.youtube.com/googleloon
http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnvillasenor
/2013/06/16/can-google-fly-its-internet-
balloons-wherever-it-wants/
http://readwrite.com/2013/06/19/a-
handy-guide-to-google-project-
loon#awesm=~onut8LsNNgRW2R
http://www.spacedata.net/