Project Loon aims to provide internet access to rural and remote areas using a network of balloons traveling in the stratosphere. The balloons float twice as high as airplanes, powered by solar panels and navigated by rising and falling to different wind currents. People on the ground connect to the balloon network using special antennas. Signals bounce between balloons and back to the global internet. A pilot test was conducted successfully in New Zealand in 2013. While the stratosphere presents engineering challenges like extreme temperatures and lack of protection from radiation, Project Loon could help connect more of the world and provide communications during disasters.
As two-thirds of the world’s population does not yet have internet access, “Google’s Project Loon” – a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space – is designed to connect people in rural and remote areas, helping fill coverage gaps, and bringing people back online after natural disasters. Floating high in the stratosphere – twice as high as airplanes and the weather – the ‘Project loon balloons’ are carried around the earth by winds and they can be steered by rising or descending to an altitude with winds moving in the desired direction. People connect to the network using a special internet antenna attached to their building. The signal bounces from balloon to balloon, which then provides a connection back down on earth. Each miniature blimp can provide connectivity to a ground area about 40 km in diameter at speeds comparable to 3G. For balloon-to-balloon and balloon-to-ground communications, the infrastructure use antennas equipped with specialized radio frequency technology. As part of the 2013 test pilot in New Zealand, project loon used ISM bands (specifically 2.4 and 5.8 GHZ bands) that are available for anyone to use. Tracking the latest research activity carried out, one of helium laden balloon of project loon went around the world in just 22 days, which was originally expected to be done in a span of 33 days.
Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by Google
Project loon is a network of balloon Travelling on edge of space , designed to connect with the people In Rural and Remote areas.
Project Loon: Balloons designed to extend connectivity Billions of people around the world are still without internet access. Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, delivering connectivity to people in unserved and underserved communities around the world.
As two-thirds of the world’s population does not yet have internet access, “Google’s Project Loon” – a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space – is designed to connect people in rural and remote areas, helping fill coverage gaps, and bringing people back online after natural disasters. Floating high in the stratosphere – twice as high as airplanes and the weather – the ‘Project loon balloons’ are carried around the earth by winds and they can be steered by rising or descending to an altitude with winds moving in the desired direction. People connect to the network using a special internet antenna attached to their building. The signal bounces from balloon to balloon, which then provides a connection back down on earth. Each miniature blimp can provide connectivity to a ground area about 40 km in diameter at speeds comparable to 3G. For balloon-to-balloon and balloon-to-ground communications, the infrastructure use antennas equipped with specialized radio frequency technology. As part of the 2013 test pilot in New Zealand, project loon used ISM bands (specifically 2.4 and 5.8 GHZ bands) that are available for anyone to use. Tracking the latest research activity carried out, one of helium laden balloon of project loon went around the world in just 22 days, which was originally expected to be done in a span of 33 days.
Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by Google
Project loon is a network of balloon Travelling on edge of space , designed to connect with the people In Rural and Remote areas.
Project Loon: Balloons designed to extend connectivity Billions of people around the world are still without internet access. Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, delivering connectivity to people in unserved and underserved communities around the world.
Flying Hope: Balloon bring Internet to everywhere
Project loon is a research and development project being enveloped by Google. It is a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space, designed to provide ubiquitous Internet connectivity. The balloons float in the stratosphere, twice as high as airplanes and the weather. They are carried around the Earth by winds and they can be steered by rising or descending to an altitude with winds moving in the desired direction. People connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building.
Presentation on Satellite Communication
Presentation on Satellite Communication
Outlines:
History
Definition
Communication system
Architecture
Operation of satellite
Elements
>Space Segment
>Ground Segment
Earth Stations
Digital Earth Station
Orbits
Geostationary Orbit (GSO)
Non-Geostationary Orbit (NGSO)
Different Satellite Communications : Services
Advantages OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Applications OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Future
Conclusion
Presented at the National Webinar on ‘Recent Advancement of System Design Towards 5G Communication (RASDT5C 2021)’ held on 11th to 13th January 2021, organized by the Deptartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology.
Starlink is a satellite internet constellation being constructed by SpaceX providing satellite Internet access. The constellation will consist of thousands of mass-produced small satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO), working in combination with ground transceivers.
Flying Hope: Balloon bring Internet to everywhere
Project loon is a research and development project being enveloped by Google. It is a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space, designed to provide ubiquitous Internet connectivity. The balloons float in the stratosphere, twice as high as airplanes and the weather. They are carried around the Earth by winds and they can be steered by rising or descending to an altitude with winds moving in the desired direction. People connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building.
Presentation on Satellite Communication
Presentation on Satellite Communication
Outlines:
History
Definition
Communication system
Architecture
Operation of satellite
Elements
>Space Segment
>Ground Segment
Earth Stations
Digital Earth Station
Orbits
Geostationary Orbit (GSO)
Non-Geostationary Orbit (NGSO)
Different Satellite Communications : Services
Advantages OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Applications OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Future
Conclusion
Presented at the National Webinar on ‘Recent Advancement of System Design Towards 5G Communication (RASDT5C 2021)’ held on 11th to 13th January 2021, organized by the Deptartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology.
Starlink is a satellite internet constellation being constructed by SpaceX providing satellite Internet access. The constellation will consist of thousands of mass-produced small satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO), working in combination with ground transceivers.
Project Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, designed to connect people in rural and remote areas. The balloon is also considerably used to gather weather information such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind speed.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
2. Content
• The Loon technology
• How Loon flies?
• The Loon Design
• How Loon moves?
• How Loon connects?
• The Pilot Test
• How it works?
• Breakthroughs of Technology
• Engineering Challenges
• Advantages
• Conclusion
3.
4. PROJECT LOON
As two-thirds of the world’s population does not yet
have internet access, “Google’s Project Loon” – a
network of balloons travelling on the edge of space
– is designed to connect people in rural and remote
areas, helping fill coverage gaps, and bringing
people back online after natural disasters.
5. the loon technology
• Project Loon balloons float in the stratosphere, twice
as high as airplanes and the weather.
• They are carried around the Earth by winds and they
can be steered by rising or descending to an altitude
with winds moving in the desired direction.
• People connect to the balloon network using a special
Internet antenna attached to their building.
• The signal bounces from balloon to balloon, then to
the global Internet back on Earth.
6.
7. HOWLOONFLIES
NAVIGATINGWITH THE WIND
Project Loon balloons travel approximately 20 km above
the Earth’s surface in the stratosphere. Winds in the
stratosphere are stratified, and each layer of wind varies
in speed and direction. Project Loon uses software
algorithms to determine where its balloons need to go,
then moves each one into a layer of wind blowing in the
right direction. By moving with the wind, the balloons
can be arranged to form one large communications
network.
8. STRATOSPHERE
Situated on the edge of space, between 10 km and 60 km in altitude, the
stratosphere presents unique engineering challenges: air pressure is 1%
that at sea level, and this thin atmosphere offers less protection from UV
radiation and dramatic temperature swings, which can reach as low as -
80°C. By carefully designing the balloon envelope to withstand these
conditions, Project Loon is able to take advantage of the stratosphere’s
steady winds and remain well above weather events, wildlife and
airplanes.
10. ENVELOPE
Project Loon’s balloon envelopes are made of :-
sheets of polyethylene plastic and stand fifteen
meters wide by twelve meters tall when fully
inflated.
A parachute attached to the top of the envelope
allows for a controlled descent and landing whenever
a balloon is ready to be taken out of service.
11. SOLAR PANELS
• Each unit’s electronics are powered by an
array of solar panels that sits between the
envelope and the hardware.
• In full sun, these panels produce 100 Watts of
power - enough to keep the unit running while
also charging a battery for use at night.
• By moving with the wind and charging in the
sun, Project Loon is able to power itself using
only renewable energy sources.
12. EQUIPMENT
A small box is used that contains the balloon’s
electronic equipment :-
• Circuit boards that control the system .
• Radio antennas to communicate with other
balloons and with Internet antennas on the
ground .
• And batteries to store solar power so the
balloons can operate during the night .
13. How loon moves ?
• Winds in the
stratosphere (10 to 60
km of altitude)are
steady and slow-moving
between 5 and 20 mph,
and each layer of wind
varies in direction.
• Project Loon uses
software algorithms to
determine where its
balloons need to go.
14. how loon connects ?
• Each balloon can provide connectivity to a
ground area about 40 km in diameter at
speeds comparable to 3G.
• Each balloon is equipped with a GPS for
tracking its location .
• The balloons use antennas equipped with
specialized radio frequency technology.
• Project Loon currently uses ISM bands that are
available for anyone to use.
15. • Three radio
transceivers.
a) balloon-to-balloon
communications.
b) balloon-to-ground
communications.
c) third for backup.
16. The pilot test
• The Project Loon pilot test began in June 2013 on
the 40th parallel South.
• 30 balloons, launched from
New Zealand’s South Island
around Christchurch and the
Canterbury region.
• The experience of these pilot testers is now being
used to refine the technology and shape the next
phase of Project Loon.
23. ENGINEERING challenges:
Moving of balloons in the stratosphere
possess many challenges:
• air pressure is 1% of that at sea level
• temperatures hover around -50°C, and
• a thinner atmosphere offers less protection
from the UV radiation and temperature swings
caused by the sun’s rays.
24. advantages
• This project will offer worldwide access to everyone
those who are as per now beyond the geographic
reach of internet.
• It provides connectivity at speeds comparable to 3G
for about area of 40 km in diameter.
• Wireless connection to the Web available for free to
every person in the world.
• It would offer a humanitarian communication system,
during emergencies in places where communications
link has broken up as in natural disasters.
25. • Although internet has become such a handy thing for people having
access to internet that they roam about with it in their pockets, but
this has been possible for those countries that can afford fibre optic
cables for connectivity and therefore the bitter truth remains that
nearly two-thirds of the world population do not yet have internet
access. The Google[X] team has therefore taken an initiative to bridge
this gap and make the world actually connected to one another by
introducing Google’s Project Loon.
• This project has come along a long way with successful Pilot Test and
also surpassing many environmental, engineering , political
challenges(relating to use of airspace and radio frequencies) and now
is seeking NASA’s intervention for its success worldwide.
• The project aims at : “Forget the Internet, soon there will be
OUTERNET”
• The success of this project would thereby make us talk about
Outernet , may be, in the next one year and we would put one step
forward in connecting the world into one by our technology.
conclusion
