Project Loon is a Google project that aims to provide internet access to rural and remote areas using high-altitude balloons. The balloons float in the stratosphere at about 20 km above sea level, where they are able to catch wind currents to position themselves over desired locations. Each balloon carries a solar panel and wireless communication equipment to connect to the ground and form a wireless mesh network. This allows people below with special antennas to connect to the internet via the balloons. Google has conducted pilot tests of the technology in New Zealand and hopes to eventually provide global internet coverage through balloon networks.

1. Google project loon
Under the guidance of:
Ms Sonal Beniwal
Astt Prof CSE
Submitted by:
Neeraj
M.Tech CSE

2. GOOGLE PROJECT LOON
“Two out of every three people on earth do not have internet access”

3.  Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by
Google
 Project loon is a network of balloon Travelling on edge of space ,
designed to connect with the people In Rural and Remote areas.
Project loon preview

4. history equipment technology
working reception Adv/disadvantages

5. SPACE DATA INC.
 In 2001, Space Data Inc. , suggested an idea to widen the cellular coverage for the rural
areas in the united States. The idea was to have wireless transceivers carried aloft on
weather balloons, launched by the National Weather Service(NSW).
 For the past 60 years, the NSW is launching 70 balloons twice a day across the country
to collect the weather information . The weather balloons are in fact floating above
specific areas for about 24 hours at about 30 km .
 “ The balloon can be a mini and cheaper cell tower in the sky “.
1.HISTORY

6. 1.HISTORY
SPACE DATA INC.
 It also started to launch its own cheap biodegradable latex weather balloons and provide
private networks to truckers and oil companies.
 One balloon with a weight of 1.5 kg, a size of 7.6 m (25ft) when fully inflated, can cover a
670 km diameter coverage circle below.
 It currently covers only Texas, New Mexico and Louisiana .

7. 1.HISTORY
GOOGLE PROJECT LOON:
 In 2008, Google had considered contracting with or acquiring Space Data Inc. , but didn’t do
so.
 Unofficial development on the project began in 2011 under incubation in GoogleX.
 The project was officially announced as a Google project on 14 June 2013

8. 1.HISTORY
THE PILOT TEST :
 Two days after it’s announcement (on 16 June 2013),Google began a pilot experiment in new
Zealand.
 A small group of project loon pioneers tested the technology in Christchurch and Canterbury.
 30 balloons were launched 20 km in sky.
 About 50 local users tested the connections to the aerial wireless network at up to 3G speed
using special antennas.

9. 2.EQUIPMENT
2.1 ENVELOPE 2.2 SOLAR PANEL
2.3 PAYLOAD

10. 2.EQUIPMENT
ENVELOPE:
 loon’s balloons envelopes are made from sheets of thin strong polyester film about
0.076 mm thick and stand 15 meters wide and 12 meters tall when fully inflated.

11. 2.EQUIPMENT
.
.
ENVELOPE:
 The loon balloon must
resist high pressure than a
normal weather balloon..
 That’s why Such super
pressure balloons require
polyester sheets since it
strongly keeps from
stretching and popping
even at high altitude of
40 km.

12. 2.EQUIPMENT
ENVELOPE:
 Inside envelope, there
is another chamber,
called bladder.
 The balloon can move
up or down a 1.7 km
range through the
bladder system. This
system can help to
choose suitable wind
currents in
stratosphere.

13. 2.EQUIPMENT
When being out of the
service, fan releases gas
from the envelope and
descends slowly to the
ground. It rarely happens,
but when the balloon
drops quickly , it uses the
parachute on the top of the
envelope.

14. 2.EQUIPMENT
SOLAR PANEL:
 Solar panels are about the size of a
card table and generate enough
electricity in four hours to power the
transmitter for a day and beam down
the Internet signal to ground stations.
 In full sun, these panels produce 100
watts of power ;enough to keep the
unit running while also charging a
battery for use at night.
 By moving with the wind and
charging in the sun , a loon balloon is
able to power itself using only
renewable energy sources.

15. 2.EQUIPMENT
PAYLOAD:
 The payload is a small box that holds
electronic devices, such as circuit boards, radio
antennas, batteries, GPS, flight sensors, and
devices to monitor weather conditions.
 The circuit board : controls the overall balloon
system.
 Radio antennas : communicate with other
balloons and with internet antennas on ground.
 Batteries : store solar power so the balloon can
operate in night.

16. 3.TECHNOLOGY
a) Solar and battery technology
b) Algorithmic control
c) Wireless Mesh networking
d) ISM bands
e) Loon use 600 watt battery,
charged by solar panels.
These large ,extra light
photovoltaic Cells keeps the
weight of the balloon less so
that they can run for long
missions without landing.

17. 3.TECHNOLOGY
ALGORITHMIC CONTROL:
 GoogleX has developed Software that moves the balloon up or down to catch wind
current based on their direction to more or less keep the balloon in one area.
Wireless MESH technology:
 Developing countries can’t afford to lay expensive fibre cable that have to be installed
underground to allow user to connect to internet.
 Mesh networking sends internet packets from balloon to balloon and sends data to and
from homes below that have specially built antenna on their roof.
ISM bands:
 Are radio band(6.78 Mhz-245 Ghz) reserved internationally for industrial, scientific and
medical purposes other than telecommunication.
 ISM bands share the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands for non ISM use because they are typically
unlicensed radio frequencies around the world.
 Google currently using these bands.

18. 4.WORKING
2. How loon moves..?
3. How loon connects..?
1. Where loon situated..?

19. 4.WORKING
Where loon situated :
 Loon balloon float in the stratosphere at 20km altitude.
 Stratosphere is the second layer of atmosphere(altitude
range 10-50 km) between troposphere and
mesosphere.

20. 4.WORKING
Where loon situated :
Advantage of stratosphere:
1. the winds here moves steadily and slowly between 5 and 20 mph.
2. commercial airliners fly between 9 and 12 km altitude, thus it avoid airplane traffics.
3. most weather phenomena occurs in the troposphere. thus they avoid any adverse weather.
4.This sphere is great for solar panel, because there is no cloud to block to sun.

21. 4.WORKING
How loon moves:
 Each layer of wind in stratosphere varies in direction.
 Software algorithms are used to determine where the balloon need to go, then moves it
into a layer of wind blowing in the right direction.
 By moving with the wind ,the balloons can be arranged to form one large communication
network.

22. 4.WORKING
How loon connects
 a user with the specialized antenna sends signals
via a radio frequency over ISM bands to a
balloon close to him.
 The balloon sends the signals to neighbouring
balloons.
 Then the signals reach the balloon which is
connected to the local Internet .

23. 4.WORKING
How loon connects
 The local ISP receives the data and forwards them via
balloons in the sky to the destination.
 Finally , the balloon close to the receiver broadcasts the
data to the grounds via a radio frequency over ISM bands.
 It provide ground connectivity to an area about 40 km
diameter circle at 3G speed.
 The special antenna installed outside home receives data.

24. INDIA :
 India has expressed it’s interested in
Google Inc.’s balloon project
India has the third highest number of
Internet users in the world after China
and the US at 150 million, but penetration
accounts for just 12.58% of the country’s
population of 1.2 billion.
connectivity is one of the key challenges
in India.

25. MARK ZUKERBERG :
 It’s regular carrier that will do most
of the work reaching billions of
people who lacks internet access
not sci-fi ideas like loon
 The regular carriers are doing a
good job but where it isn’t efficient
enough to cost effectively serve
people there’s a role for sci-fi ideas
 He also said that "connectivity is a
human right."

26. 6.Advantages/disadvantages
1.Cheaper internet
2.3G speed
3.GPS expansion
4.exploration
1.Crash incidents
2.Stratosphere
regulatory hurdle
3.Political hurdle
4.Negotiate with
countries to buy
radio frequencies
5.Cost of operation
is not revealed by
google
5.Disaster management
6.Remote communication
7.Launching balloon does not
require higher technical skills
8.Intelligence gathering
9.Satellite recreation
10.Scientific data collection
11.Wheather surveillance

27. References :
http://www.google.com/loon/
http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/projectloon
http://www.youtube.com/googleloon
http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnvillasenor
/2013/06/16/can-google-fly-its-internet-
balloons-wherever-it-wants/
http://readwrite.com/2013/06/19/a-
handy-guide-to-google-project-
loon#awesm=~onut8LsNNgRW2R
http://www.spacedata.net/